scholarly journals A discarded cigar package survey in New York City: indicators of non-compliance with local flavoured tobacco restrictions

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055035
Author(s):  
Marin K Kurti ◽  
Kevin R J Schroth ◽  
Cristine Delnevo
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
York City ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Staten Island ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
Block Groups ◽  
Problematic Level

IntroductionIn 2009, New York City (NYC) restricted the sale of flavoured tobacco products. We assessed product availability as a proxy for potential non-compliance by analysing discarded cigar, cigarillo and blunt wrap packages in New York City.MethodsA discarded cigar package survey was conducted in 2016, in a stratified random sample of 94 block groups in NYC resulting in the collection of 886 discarded cigar packages. Each package was coded for brand name, flavour description (explicit and implicit) and size.FindingsOverall, 19.2% of the cigar packages were explicitly flavoured. An additional 9.4% of the packages reflected implicit flavours. Explicit flavoured cigar packages were at increased odds of being found in Staten Island (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.96, 95% CI=1.66 to 9.46), in packaging size of two or three (AOR=8.49, 95% CI=4.24 to 17.02) or four or more (AOR=4.26, 95% CI=1.95 to 9.30).ConclusionNearly one out of three cigar packages were flavoured products suggesting a problematic level of non-compliance and continued availability. Potential non-compliance is likely fueled by licensed wholesalers and retailers who continue to sell restricted flavoured products. Some retailers may be unaware that implicitly named cigars are typically flavoured and are, therefore, illegal. This lack of awareness of implicit flavoured cigars may be exacerbated by NYC’s lack of education or enforcement specific to implicitly flavoured tobacco products.

Flavored Tobacco Sales Prohibition (2009) and Noncigarette Tobacco Products in Retail Stores (2017), New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-730
Author(s):  
Shannon M. Farley ◽  
Julia Sisti ◽  
John Jasek ◽  
Kevin R. J. Schroth
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Block Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Flavored Tobacco

Objectives. To assess explicit- (products clearly labeled flavored) and emergent concept- (products implying flavoring but not clearly labeled) flavored tobacco product availability following New York City’s flavor restriction. Methods. We examined explicit- and concept-flavored tobacco product availability, with 2017 New York City Retailer Advertising of Tobacco Survey data (n = 1557 retailers). We assessed associations between block group–level demographic characteristics and product availability by using logistic regression. Results. Most retailers sold explicit-flavored (70.9%) or concept-flavored (69.3%) products. The proportion of non-Hispanic Black neighborhood residents predicted explicit- and concept-flavored product availability, as did having a high school within a retailer’s block group for concept-flavored products. Conclusions. Explicit- and concept-flavored other tobacco products persisted throughout New York City, despite 2009 legislation restricting sales. Public Health Implications. Making local sales restrictions or federal production bans inclusive of all explicit and concept flavors would reduce retailer and industry evasion opportunities and protect the health of youths and others.

scholarly journals GREENMARKET NOVA-IORQUINO: ONDE O RURAL SE ENCONTRA COM A MEGALÓPOLE AMERICANA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gutemberg Armando Diniz Guerra ◽  
Maria De Nazaré Angelo MENEZES ◽  
Daniel Garcia ◽  
Lin Chau Ming
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Staten Island ◽  
Green Market

<p>O <em>Greenmarket Farmers</em>, como são chamados os mercados hortícolas em Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos da América, tem como uma de suas particularidades a de ser organizado por produtores rurais apoiados pelo <em>Council of Environment of the New York City </em>e cuja venda de produtos deve ser feita diretamente aos consumidores, sem intermediários. Exerce uma importante função, tanto para os agricultores quanto para o público consumidor. No presente estudo foi realizado levantamento contínuo no período de um ano (agosto de 2008 a junho de 2009) seguindo-se de visitas pontuais nos anos de 2010, 2011 e 2012 ao levantamento sistemático, um refinamento dos dados sobre as plantas hortícolas comercializadas e seus produtores no <em>Greenmarket Farmers</em>, que possuem 46 pontos de venda em Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Bronx e Staten Island. Neste período foram observados aspectos de entrelaçamento entre produtores rurais e consumidores urbanos, além da diversidade vegetal. Foram levantadas 120 espécies de plantas comercializadas por 60 produtores, nos diversos pontos do Green Market. Foram listadas 38 famílias botânicas, inseridas em 84 gêneros. A família mais recorrente é Brassicaceae (18), seguida de Asteraceae (13), Lamiaceae (12) e Rosaceae (12). Aspecto que se revela nestas feiras é a face agrícola do estado de Nova Iorque, em geral representado por atividades de turismo e do centro financeiro do mais poderoso país do mundo, e uma das maiores concentrações populacionais do planeta. O apelo ecológico, o estímulo ao consumo de produtos locais e a concessão de cupons de beneficio cedidos às pessoas em dificuldade<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Eraldo/Documents/02%20-%20Vivencias%20e%20tecnicas%20de%20relaxamento/Green%20market.NYC%20%2010_Out_2018%20Daniel%20GG%20(1).doc#_ftn1">[1]</a>, em uma comunidade cosmopolita e multi-étnica, canalizam recursos públicos e apoiam este tipo de mercado, permitindo uma reflexão sobre as relações e interatividade entre rural e urbano, diluídas pelas características próprias aos países desenvolvidos, em especial em grandes cidades. Portanto, percebe-se com este trabalho que os “greenmarkets” são pontos não só de venda de grande diversidade de vegetais, mas também local para relacionamentos, trocas de experiências e ideologias.</p><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Eraldo/Documents/02%20-%20Vivencias%20e%20tecnicas%20de%20relaxamento/Green%20market.NYC%20%2010_Out_2018%20Daniel%20GG%20(1).doc#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Os cupons podem ser usados em qualquer supermercado ou nos Greenmarkets.</p></div></div>

Implementation of the New York City Policy Restricting Sales of Flavored Non-Cigarette Tobacco Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Brown ◽  
Todd Rogers ◽  
Matthew E. Eggers ◽  
Michelle L. Cavazos ◽  
Maureen S. O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
York City ◽  
Tobacco Policy ◽  
Compliance Monitoring ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
City Policy ◽  
Flavored Tobacco

Flavored tobacco products appeal to youth, and jurisdictions have implemented policy interventions to reduce youth tobacco initiation. This study reviews the process, challenges, and compliance monitoring of a flavored tobacco sales restriction. New York City (NYC) passed a policy restricting the sale of flavored non-cigarette tobacco products in 2009. To describe the policy’s passage, legal defense, implementation, and enforcement, we conducted stakeholder interviews, reviewed legislative and legal records, and analyzed administrative data on retailer inspections and violations. Extensive public and policy maker education efforts preceded this policy. Barriers included opposition to the policy’s passage and a tobacco manufacturer’s lawsuit that sought to halt the law’s implementation and to establish that NYC lacked the authority to restrict the sale of flavored products. The city implemented the flavored tobacco policy as intended and it withstood legal challenges. NYC integrated enforcement into the city’s retailer compliance monitoring infrastructure, and the violation rate is low. Our investigation of NYC’s experience with flavored tobacco policy implementation and enforcement can provide policy makers and health professionals with insights relevant to policy implementation, expand understanding of the potential impact of these kinds of policies, and inform compliance monitoring efforts.

scholarly journals Deaths From Pneumonia—New York City, 1999–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evette Cordoba ◽  
Gil Maduro ◽  
Mary Huynh ◽  
Jay K Varma ◽  
Neil M Vora
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
York City ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Staten Island ◽  
Underlying Cause Of Death ◽  
Poverty Levels

Abstract Background “Pneumonia and influenza” are the third leading cause of death in New York City. Since 2012, pneumonia and influenza have been the only infectious diseases listed among the 10 leading causes of death in NYC. Most pneumonia and influenza deaths in NYC list pneumonia as the underlying cause of death, not influenza. We therefore analyzed death certificate data for pneumonia in NYC during 1999–2015. Methods We calculated annualized pneumonia death rates (overall and by sociodemographic subgroup) and examined the etiologic agent listed. Results There were 41 400 pneumonia deaths during the study period, corresponding to an annualized age-adjusted death rate of 29.7 per 100 000 population. Approximately 17.5% of pneumonia deaths specified an etiologic agent. Age-adjusted pneumonia death rate declined over the study period and across each borough. Males had an annualized age-adjusted pneumonia death rate 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–1.5) times that of females. Non-Hispanic blacks had an annualized age-adjusted pneumonia death rate 1.2 (95% CI, 1.2–1.2) times that of non-Hispanic whites. The annualized pneumonia death rate increased with age group above 5–24 years and neighborhood-level poverty. Staten Island had an annualized age-adjusted pneumonia death rate 1.3 (95% CI, 1.2–1.3) times that of Manhattan. In the multivariable analysis, pneumonia deaths were more likely to occur among males, non-Hispanic blacks, persons aged ≥65 years, residents of neighborhoods with higher poverty levels, and in Staten Island. Conclusions While the accuracy of death certificates is unknown, investigation is needed to understand why certain populations are disproportionately recorded as dying from pneumonia in NYC.

scholarly journals Flavour chemicals in a sample of non-cigarette tobacco products without explicit flavour names sold in New York City in 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M Farley ◽  
Kevin RJ Schroth ◽  
Victoria Grimshaw ◽  
Wentai Luo ◽  
Julia L DeGagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Relevant Reference ◽  
Local Law

BackgroundYouth who experiment with tobacco often start with flavoured products. In New York City (NYC), local law restricts sales of all tobacco products with ‘characterising flavours’ except for ‘tobacco, menthol, mint and wintergreen’. Enforcement is based on packaging: explicit use of a flavour name (eg, ‘strawberry’) or image depicting a flavour (eg, a fruit) is presumptive evidence that a product is flavoured and therefore prohibited. However, a tobacco product may contain significant levels of added flavour chemicals even when the label does not explicitly use a flavour name.MethodsSixteen tobacco products were purchased within NYC in 2015 that did not have explicit flavour names, along with three with flavour names. These were analysed for 92 known flavour chemicals plus triacetin by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Results14 of the 16 products had total determined flavour chemical levels that were higher (>0.3 mg/g) than in previously studied flavour-labelled products and of a chemical profile indicating added flavour chemicals.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the tobacco industry has responded to sales restrictions by renaming flavoured products to avoid explicitly identifying them as flavoured. While chemical analysis is the most precise means of identifying flavours in tobacco products, federal tobacco laws pre-empt localities from basing regulations on that approach, limiting enforcement options. If the Food and Drug Administration would mandate that all tobacco products must indicate when flavourings are present above a specific level, local jurisdictions could enforce their sales restrictions. A level of 0.1 mg/g for total added flavour chemicals is suggested here as a relevant reference value for regulating added flavour chemicals in tobacco products.

The Romantic Dilemma in American Nationalism and the Concept of Nature

1955 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Miller
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Staten Island ◽  
American Nationalism

On May 8, 1847, The Literary World—the newly founded vehicle in New York City for the program of “nativist” literature—reviewed an exhibition at the National Academy. The magazine had just undergone an editorial revolution and the new management was endeavoring to tone down the strident nationalism of the first few issues; still, the exuberant patriotism of the reviewer could not be restrained, for he had just beheld two exciting landscapes of Staten Island painted by J. F. Cropsey.

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