scholarly journals Factors that influence smokers’ and ex-smokers’ use of IQOS: a qualitative study of IQOS users and ex-users in the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte N E Tompkins ◽  
Annabel Burnley ◽  
Ann McNeill ◽  
Sara C Hitchman
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Pictorial Warnings ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Research And Policy

BackgroundOne of the most widely available heated tobacco products is IQOS by Philip Morris International. However, there is a lack of independent research exploring IQOS initiation and subsequent use among smokers and ex-smokers.AimsTo (1) explore the reasons why smokers and ex-smokers use and continue/discontinue IQOS and (2) consider implications for future research and policy.ParticipantsAdult (18+) current (n=22) and ex-users (n=8) of IQOS who either currently smoked or quit smoking in the last 2 years.MethodsQualitative interview study in London, UK.ResultsSix main factors influenced initiation and use of IQOS: (1) Health—wanting to reduce/quit smoking and perceptions of reduced harm (while understanding IQOS was not risk-free). Branded packaging, absence of pictorial warnings and physical health improvements conveyed reduced harm. (2) Financial—including high start-up costs, but cheaper ongoing costs than smoking. (3) Physical—mixed views on enjoyment and satisfaction. Sensory experiences influenced use including discreetness, cleanliness, reduced smell and tactile similarities relative to combustible cigarettes. (4) Practical—issues of accessibility, shortcomings with maintenance/operation limited ongoing use, whereas use in smoke-free places increased use. (5) Psychological—similarities in rituals and routines, although new practices developed to charge and clean; some liked trailblazing new technology. (6) Social—improved social interactions from using IQOS instead of smoking, but with more limited shared social experiences for some.ConclusionFor some, IQOS facilitated smoking substitution. Factors such as packaging, labelling, risk communication, price and smoke-free policies appear to influence initiation and use.

LEAN AND GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY START-UPS: LINKING THE TWO RESEARCH STREAMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 1540008 ◽  
Author(s):  
STOYAN TANEV ◽  
ERIK STAVNSAGER RASMUSSEN ◽  
ERIK ZIJDEMANS ◽  
ROY LEMMINGER ◽  
LARS LIMKILDE SVENDSEN
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Value Propositions ◽  
Early Internationalisation ◽  
Start Ups

In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of the lean global start-up (LGS) as a way of emphasising the problems for new technology start-ups when dealing separately with business development, innovation and early internationalisation. The paper has two components — an introductory conceptual part and an empirical part that should be considered as basis for the preliminary validation of the conceptual insights. The research sample includes six firms — three from Canada and three from Denmark. Two different early internationalisation paths have been identified: Lean-to-global (L2G start-ups) and lean-and-global (L&G start-ups). Both types of start-ups were found to have faced significant problems with the complexity, uncertainties and risks of being innovative on a global scale. They have however found ways of addressing these problems by a disciplined knowledge sharing and IP protection strategy and the efficient use of business and supporting and public funding mechanisms. The Danish firms have pivoted around the ways of delivering their value proposition and not around the specific value propositions themselves. The Canadian firms have actively pivoted their value proposition motivated by the degree of innovativeness of their products and the insights from business supporting organisations. The analysis of the results justifies the introduction of the LGS concept and opens the opportunity for future research focusing on the articulation of more practical LGS entrepreneurial frameworks.

scholarly journals Impacts of climate change on indirect human exposure to pathogens and chemicals from agriculture

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Boxall ◽  
Anthony Hardy ◽  
Sabine Beulke ◽  
Tatiana Boucard ◽  
Laura Burgin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Environmental Transport ◽  
Expert Input ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Research And Policy

Climate change is likely to affect the nature of pathogens/ chemicals in the environment and their fate and transport. We assess the implications of climate change for changes in human exposures to pathogens/chemicals in agricultural systems in the UK and discuss the effects on health impacts, using expert input and literature on climate change; health effects from exposure to pathogens/chemicals arising from agriculture; inputs of chemicals/pathogens to agricultural systems; and human exposure pathways for pathogens/chemicals in agricultural systems. We established the evidence base for health effects of chemicals/pathogens in the agricultural environment; determined the potential implications of climate change on chemical/pathogen inputs in agricultural systems; and explored the effects of climate change on environmental transport and fate of various contaminants. We merged data to assess the implications of climate change in terms of indirect human exposure to pathogens/chemicals in agricultural systems, and defined recommendations on future research and policy changes to manage adverse increases in risks.

scholarly journals ‘I perceive it to be less harmful, I have no idea if it is or not:’ a qualitative exploration of the harm perceptions of IQOS among adult users

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. East ◽  
Charlotte N. E. Tompkins ◽  
Ann McNeill ◽  
Sara C. Hitchman
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Great Uncertainty ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Personal Appearance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract Background Harm perceptions of tobacco and nicotine products can influence their use and could be targeted by policies to change behaviour. IQOS was introduced to the UK in 2016, and there is little independent qualitative research on IQOS harm perceptions. This study explored the perceived health harms of IQOS to users and those exposed to the emissions, what shapes these perceptions, and what participants wanted to know about the harms of IQOS. Methods Qualitative interviews in London, UK, with 30 adult current and former IQOS users who currently smoked or quit smoking in the last 2 years. Results IQOS was perceived as less harmful than smoking but not risk-free, although there was great uncertainty. Influences on harm perceptions were consolidated into six themes: (1) dominance of manufacturer claims influenced perceptions that IQOS is less harmful than smoking to users and those around them, although mistrust of the tobacco industry heightened scepticism about harms; (2) limited independent and long-term research led to uncertainty about harms, although some participants trusted IQOS would not be marketed if it were very harmful. Participants wanted more independent and long-term studies into harm; (3) appearance of HEETS (tobacco sticks) packaging conveyed reduced harm because packets were ‘pretty’, without graphic/specific warnings, although written warnings conveyed some harm. Participants wanted more information on HEETS packets about harms; (4) process of heating and HEETS contents—heating, compared with burning, tobacco was perceived to produce fewer harmful chemicals, while tobacco, nicotine, and chemicals in HEETS were perceived to cause some harm. Participants wanted clarification about the harms of heating tobacco and HEETS ingredients; (5) improvements in physical health and personal appearance reduced perceptions of harm; (6) differences in sensory experiences (taste, sight, smell) when using IQOS over smoking reduced perceptions of harm, while ‘black’ deposits inside IQOS led to perceptions of some harm. Reduced volume and smell of IQOS emissions also reduced perceptions of harm to non-users exposed to the emissions. Conclusions IQOS was perceived as less harmful than smoking but not risk-free, although there was great uncertainty. Participants wanted clarification about IQOS harms from independent sources in accessible forms, specifically related to HEETS ingredients, heating tobacco, and emissions to others.

scholarly journals Shared Parental Leave: Exploring Variations in Attitudes, Eligibility, Knowledge and Take-up Intentions of Expectant Mothers in London

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERINE TWAMLEY ◽  
PIA SCHOBER
Keyword(s):  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Leave Policy ◽  
Expectant Mothers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Research And Policy

AbstractIn April 2015, the UK introduced Shared Parental Leave (SPL), allowing mothers to transfer their maternity leave to their partners from two weeks after the birth or adoption of a child. There has been very limited research conducted on this leave policy to date and knowledge on take-up is poor. We present findings from an in-depth survey conducted with expectant mothers in two NHS trusts in England on their knowledge, views and plans around leave after the birth of their child and examine variations across educational and ethnic groups. A total of 575 expectant mothers took part in the survey. Around 7.4 per cent of expectant mothers who were (self-)employed or in education intended to take SPL. Finances and worries over fathers’ careers were cited as the primary barriers to take up of SPL. Individual entitlement for fathers and knowing others who took SPL increased individuals’ reported intention to take SPL. Applying logistic regression models, we found that knowledge of and access to SPL is correlated with education, ethnicity and home ownership. Future research and policy design should attend to such issues to ensure equitable access across families.

Understanding Management Practices in Business Incubators: Empirical Evidence of the Factors Impacting the Incubation Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Blok ◽  
Sander Thijssen ◽  
Stefano Pascucci
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Incubators ◽  
Business Incubation ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Start Up ◽  
New Technology Based Firms ◽  
Oriented Research

Following the call for process-oriented research on business incubation processes, this paper investigates the process of business incubation (BI) via an understanding of management practices and interactions. Based on a comprehensive literature review and empirical evidence of management practices in business incubators ([Formula: see text]) dealing with new technology-based firms (NTBFs), we develop a conceptual model of factors having an impact on the incubation process of NTBFs, including propositions that can be tested in future research. Our results show that a combination of six management practices enables BI managers to accelerate the learning curve of entrepreneurs and the start-up process of their firms. Our results help to theorize about the factors having an impact on the incubation process of NTBFs and the dynamics behind the incubation process, and will enable BI managers to develop practices that really help entrepreneurs in the development of their NTBF.

First Steps towards Self-Employment – Microcredit for Enterprise in Scotland

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McHugh ◽  
Morag Gillespie ◽  
Jana Loew ◽  
Cam Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Grameen Bank ◽  
Economic Strategy ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Poor Communities

While lending for small businesses and business start-up is a long-standing feature of economic policy in the UK and Scotland, little is known about the support available for those taking the first steps into self-employment, particularly people from poorer communities. This paper presents the results of a project that aimed to address this gap. It mapped provision of support for enterprise, including microcredit (small loans for enterprise of £5,000 or less) and grants available to people in deprived communities. It found more programmes offering grants than loans. Grants programmes, although more likely to be time limited and often linked to European funding, were generally better targeted to poor communities than loan programmes that were more financially sustainable. The introduction of the Grameen Bank to Scotland will increase access to microcredit, but this paper argues that there is a place – and a need – for both loans and grants to support enterprise development across Scotland. A Scottish economic strategy should take account of all levels of enterprise development and, in striving towards a fairer Scotland, should ensure that the poorest people and communities are not excluded from self-employment because of the lack of small amounts of support necessary to take the first steps.

Using the Change4Life Disney Branded 10-minute Shake Ups During the COVID-19 ‘Lockdown’

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Budzynski-Seymour ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Michelle Jones
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
The Uk

Physical activity (PA) is considered essential to overall health yet it is consistently reported that children are failing to meet the recommended levels. Due to the bidirectional relationship between affective states and PA, affective responses are a potential predictor to long term engagement. Since late March 2020 the UK government enforced ‘lockdown’ measures to help control the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19); however, this has impacted children’s PA. Using online resources at home to support PA is now common. The primary aim of this research was to investigate the use of the Change4Life 10-minute Shake Ups to support PA by examining the effects of Disney branding upon children’s (n=32) post activity affective responses and perceived exertion. The secondary was to investigate the effect of the lockdown on PA habits. Children had similar positive affective responses and perceived effort to activities; however, branding was considered to be a key contributing factor based upon qualitative feedback from parents. Children’s PA levels dropped slightly since ‘lockdown’ was imposed; though online resources have been utilised to support PA. The use of immersive elements such as characters and narrative in PA sessions, as well as utilising online resources during ‘lockdown’ appear potentially promising for future research.

Entrepreneurial Team Assembly

2019 ◽  
pp. 629-654
Author(s):  
Martin Ganco ◽  
Florence Honoré ◽  
Joseph Raffiee
Keyword(s):  
Team Member ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Team Formation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assortative Matching ◽  
Resource Transfer ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Entrepreneurial Team ◽  
Team Assembly ◽  
Matching Models

This chapter provides a review of the scholarly literature on entrepreneurial teams and team formation. It pays special attention to two emerging areas of research that present many promising opportunities for future work. First, the chapter discusses the role of resource transfer in the context of start-up firms. It argues that an understanding of the antecedents and consequences of the founding process would be significantly advanced by more explicit theorizing and effort to empirically identify the specific types of resources entrepreneurial team members bring to start-up firms. It highlights one recent advancement in this space—work that has focused on a team’s ability to transfer customer and client relationships from the parent to start-up firms—and provides an outline of open research questions in this realm. Second, the chapter provides a primer on a recent methodological advancement—the use of two-sided assortative matching models—that can be applied to entrepreneurial team assembly to alleviate ongoing concerns that team formation is fundamentally an endogenous process. It demonstrates how these models can be applied using a wide variety of founder, cofounder, and early team member attributes, including an individual’s ability to transfer customer relationships. Importantly, it proposes that synergies emerging from the use of two-sided assortative matching models to study a broader set of team member attributes that include resource transfer will open promising new avenues for future research.

Workplace “Digital Culture” and the Uptake of Digital Solutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 368-402
Author(s):  
Simeon J. Yates ◽  
Eleanor Lockley
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Company Culture ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

This chapter reviews prior work on technology acceptance and then reports on a nationally representative survey of UK employees exploring both employee’s personal experiences of digital technologies at home and work and their evaluations of the effectiveness of the technologies and the “digital culture” in their organization. Presenting the results of 3040 UK workers, it seeks to explore the factors that influence digital roll-outs by focusing on the experiences and perceptions of the UK workforce as a whole, with the expectation that introducing new technology alone isn’t enough. This research explores how “digitally ready” organizations are in the UK in terms of people, processes, and company culture. It concludes that a large proportion of the UK workforce are not seeing the benefits of digital technologies. Importantly, there is a need for organizations to understand that making digital solutions a success is a process of cultural change in their organization.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document