Studi Kemiskinan di Negara Berkembang

Penanggulangan kemiskinan di negara berkembang dilakukan dengan berbagai macam cara. Beberapa upaya dari negara diuraikan di sini, seperti memberikan solusi makro dengan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional, pemberian kemudahan akses kredit perbankan, dan ada juga yang memberikan solusi secara mikro dengan memberikan bantuan langsung tunai (BLT) yang disebut sebagai program pendapatan dasar universal, karena transfer tunai diberikan secara merata ke setiap orang. Diuraikan pula solusi Microfinance seperti yang dilakukan Grameen Bank. Demikian pula pengiriman uang dari buruh migran terhadap keluarganya di tanah air juga dapat mengentaskan kemiskinan. Ada banyak keberhasilan dan tentu saja banyak terdapat kelemahan pada program-program tersebut yang menjadi ruang untuk perbaikan dan peningkatan keberhasilan.

SOCIAL BUSINESS: GAINING STEAM FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE

The world is faced with a multitude of pressing problems and needs such as hunger, poverty, disease, poor health care, homelessness, pollution, adverse climate conditions, and other environmental hazards, just to name a few. Volunteer work, charities, and donations and of course the traditional profit-making businesses with all the elegant economic theories surrounding them have not been able address these ills which are a serious plaque to the society. In a bid to satisfactorily reduce or put an end to these societal hazards, Muhammad Yunus, the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize Winner and the practical genius who pioneered microcredit with his Grameen Bank, has initiated what is today known as social business. Social business is a new kind of business, not for profits, that is dedicated to solving a particular social, economic, or environmental problem that has plagued mankind since time immemorial. The whole idea about social business is to improve the lives of people by harnessing the energy of profit making to the objectives of fulfilling basic human needs. The resounding success stories of the Grameen Bank, the very first social business created by Muhammad Yunus has paved the way for other organizations to follow suit. This paper has demonstrated how social business has moved from a mere theory to a practice undertaken by several organizations that is transforming lives and having the potential to redeem the failed promise of the free-market enterprise.

INOVASI MARKETING COMMUNICATION PRODUK GRAMEEN BANK UNTUK PEMBERDAYAAN KOMUNITAS WIRAUSAHA PEREMPUAN

This study examines the case of the money marketing communication used by Islamic banks to promote Grameen Bank products. Grameen Bank is a form of financing model for providing capital by a bank to a group of people who have a lack of ability in terms of economics. This study aims to determine the marketing mix model used by BTPN Syariah in attracting the interest of the underprivileged community, especially for women to join the PMD program. This is achieved through qualitative research methods with a case study approach. In searching for data, the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews and passive participant observation. The sampling used in this research is snowball sampling. This study uses the basic theory of Symbolic Interaction proposed by George Herbert Mead. This research was conducted on women entrepreneur communities in Jatisampurna and Bantar Gebang. The results of this study are the concept of the marketing mix used, including events and experiences, namely by holding exhibitions and roadshows, world of mouth marketing, using opinion leaders and group meetings, sales promotion girls with sales promotions placed to foster business groups, and by installing advertisements both with print catalog ads (print out advertising) as well as advertisements with digital platforms on YouTube. The marketing strategy used focuses on offline, this is because the target market of Grameen Bank has not yet touched the digital platform.

PENGELOLAAN BUMDES CIKAHURIPAN MAJU BERBASIS EKONOMI SYARIAH

The rural sector is a sector that must be a major concern. This sector has the opportunity to develop and have a positive impact on the village economy if it is optimized. One of the spearheads of the village in advancing its economy is Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). The existence of BUMDes is expected to be one of the incentives for rural economic growth. The role of the Sharia economy in advancing the rural sector has provided many examples of success. One of the most phenomenal is the grameen bank in Bangladesh. The purpose of this service activity is to revive the rural sector, especially human resources in BUMDEs. The method used is by conducting training and guidance. It is hoped that the guidance training method can strengthen the understanding of BUMDes human resources on the principles of Islamic economics. The application of Islamic economic principles in the implementation of BUMDes is expected to foster positive values which will provide blessings in the BUMDes business. Sektor pedesaan merupakan sektor yang harus menjadi perhatian utama. sektor ini memiliki peluang untuk dapat berkembang dan memberikan dampak positif bagi perekonomian desa apabila mampu dioptimalkan. Salah satu ujung tombak desa dalam memajukan perekonomiannya adalah Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes). Adanya BUMDes diharapkan menjadi salah satu rangsangan untuk pertumbuhan ekonomi desa. Peran ekonomi Syariah dalam memajukan sektor pedesaan sudah memberikan banyak contoh keberasilan. Salah satunya yang paling fenomenal adalah Grameen bank yang ada di Bangladesh. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk membangkitkan sektor pedesaan khususnya sumber daya insani di BUMDEs. Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan pelatihan dan bimbingan. Diharapkan dengan metode pelatihan bimbingan dapat memperkuat pemahaman sumber daya insani BUMDes akan prinsip ekonomi Syariah. Penerapan prinsip ekonomi Syariah dalam pelaksanaan BUMDes diharapkan dapat menumbuhkan nilai nilai positif yan akan memberikan keberkahan dalam usaha BUMDes.

STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI KOPERASI SYARI’AH UKHUWAH DALAM MEMBEBASKAN ANGGOTANYA DARI JERATAN RENTENIR

Dalam rangka melawan praktek riba yang telah merebak luas, serta upaya untuk membumikan sistem ekonomi Islam, maka didirikanlah lembaga-lembaga keuangan syari’ah. Lembaga keuangan Syari’ah yang tidak terlalu sulit untuk diakses oleh masyarakat menengah ke bawah adalah Koperasi Syari’ah. Di Kota Bekasi, pada tahun 2012 muncul sebuah koperasi syari’ah yang diberi nama Koperasi Syari’ah Ukhuwah Pro Ibu. Salah satu kelebihan yang dimilliki Koperasi Syari’ah Ukhuwah dibandingkan dengan koperasi syari’ah pada umumnya adalah pola pendekatan kelompok dengan konsep grameen bank. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan strategi pemberdayaan ekonomi yang digunakan oleh Koperasi Syari’ah Ukhuwah dalam membebaskan anggotanya dari jeratan rentenir. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jalan studi kasus. Strategi pemberdayaan ekonomi yang dilakukan oleh Koperasi Syari’ah Ukhuwah mampu secara efektif melepaskan anggotanya dari jeratan rentenir, terbukti dari 80% anggota Koperasi yang terjerat rentenir, sekitar 40-60% yang telah diberdayakan, perlahan terlepas dari jeratan rentenir. Hal ini dikarenakan berlepas diri dari jeratan rentenir membutuhkan proses yang cukup panjang. Begitupulaproses pemberdayaan harus dilakukan secara berkelanjutan dalam waktu yang tidak sebentar.

The Sower

The final model considered is the leader as sower. Here Plato anticipates the concept of thought leadership. The core components of the model include originating ideas big enough to create a legacy, but still empowering others to adapt them as circumstances demand. In the first part, the key text is the Phaedrus, where Plato discusses the best way to create an intellectual legacy—not through writing books, but by nurturing living, critical dialogue among your students and followers. The chapter looks at the way Plato put this model into practice by creating an institution to perpetuate his ideas: the Academy, the ancestor of the modern university. The second part presents examples of ‘seminal’ leaders: Marie Curie, Maria Montessori, and Mohammed Yunus, founder of the microfinance organization, Grameen Bank.

Implementasi Pembiayaan Manindo Grameen Syariah dengan Akad Murabahah pada Koperasi Mitra Manindo Cabang Panyabungan

Manindo Grameen Syariah (MGS) product is a non collateral financing product for Koperasi Mitra Manindo customers. It is a solution for the poor in obtaining business financing. Koperasi Mitra Manindo adopts the Grameen Bank system and combine it with a murabahah agreement to make it easier for poor women to obtain Startup Capital. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis by describing the actual information obtained from the respondents. Data collection techniques are through documentation, observation and interview with interviewess in order to produce in-depth and objective data. The results of this study conclude that in implementing Murabahah financing, Koperasi Mitra Manindo does not provide goods as Murabahah objects but provides money without using the wakalah contract as a complement to the contract. In this case, Koperasi uses a mudharabah financing scheme with a murabahah contract but it still causes damage to the contract due to the absence of object objects. Manindo Grameen Syariah financing with a murabahah contract carried out by the Manindo Mitra Cooperative is not in accordance with the murabahah principle, particularly about the object of goods (mabi '), Koperasi Mitra Manindo is supposed to act as a seller does not have goods to be traded but only provides money as business capital for its members.

Advocacy Coalition Framework of Ultra Micro Loan Policymaking in Indonesia

Advocating the Ultra Micro-lending concept of Indonesia's Ministry of Finance in 2017 was a tumultuous nine-year process. The present paper aims to examine the Ultra Micro-lending (UMi) program conducted by the Ministry of Finance of Republic of Indonesia using Advocacy Coalition Framework. This paper showed that Advocacy Coalition Framework could moderate the interest groups' disagreement through seven steps as follows. First, relatively stable parameters of poverty need alleviation using better financial access with empowerment. Second, the external system is inspired by Grameen Bank as the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. Third, removing constraints and resources of subsystem actors from the internal Ministry of Finance and the Parliaments. Fourth, creating consensus for getting the Ministry of Bureaucratic Reform's permit. Fifth, policy subsystem that coalesces the need of market-rate and subsidized rate to cater to 46.7 million grassroots entrepreneurs as a 'win-win' arrangement to complement the bank-based People's Business Credit (KUR). Sixth, policy outputs as the legal product of the UMi with a 7 Trillion State budget. Seventh, policy impact's measurement after one year piloting before UMi's scaling up. This paper has a significant contribution to enhancing the efficacy of UMi program, and as a continuous effort to ensure the economic development of the country.

Financial Performance of Selected Regional Rural Banks in Jammu and Kashmir- An Empirical Study

Regional Rural Banks(RRBs) have been formed to serve rural areas with banking and other financial Services. These institutions were brought in the public domain through an ordinance passed by the then President of India in September 1975, with the intent of providing banking and credit facilities for the agriculture and other rural section of the society across the nation. They are key financing institutions at rural levels that provides agriculture credit in rural areas. RRBs have more access to rural areas and play a key role in strengthening the agriculture sector & rural development of India. The main objectives behind the formation of such type of vibrant institution in India was to established a link between the banks and rural households, especially in banking deprived areas. Moreover, to encourage rural savings, to generate employment opportunities, and to provide cheaper credit to the marginalised section in rural India. Presently, the RRBs are under great pressure and going towards financial distress (As revealed from studies). In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the financial performance of Selected Regional Rural banks (RRBs) of J&K by applying “CAMEL” Model approach. The finding of the study revealed that the performance of the J&K Grameen Bank(JKGB) and Ellaquai Dehati Bank(EDB) is not up to the mark.

Ética y Responsabilidad Social en las alianzas estratégicas. El caso de las alianzas entre entidades lucrativas y no lucrativas

Las alianzas estratégicas han sido herramientas utilizadas por las organizaciones durante años para garantizar su desarrollo empresarial. En las últimas décadas, las demandas más exigentes de la sociedad han propiciado la necesidad de acuerdos de cooperación destinados a la creación de valor no únicamente para los socios implicados, sino también para los diferentes actores de la comunidad. Con esta finalidad, en el entorno actual se lleva a cabo un mayor número de alianzas estratégica entre entidades lucrativas y sin ánimo de lucro. Éstas no solo propician un impacto positivo para los socios a través de una mejora de su imagen o reputación, sino que también son propulsoras del desarrollo social y económico de aquellas áreas en las que se establecen u operan. A través de este tipo de acuerdos de cooperación, las organizaciones son capaces de crear valor tanto económico como social, asegurando de esta manera su supervivencia y el beneficio de los diferentes agentes de la comunidad en la que se encuentran. Los comportamientos éticos y las políticas de responsabilidad social favorecen la obtención de ventajas competitivas; y estos son posibles a través de las alianzas entre entidades lucrativas y no lucrativas. A través del estudio de casos de alianzas entre empresas lucrativas y entidades no lucrativas como Grupo Vips-Fundacion Hazlo Posible y Danone Foods-Grameen Bank se analizan los motivos por los cuales se llevan a cabo este tipo de alianzas, así como sus implicaciones y beneficios, tanto para las empresas socias como para las comunidades en las que operan. En el trabajo se analizan estos dos casos y se realiza también un análisis comparativo entre los dos con el objeto de establecer unas pautas de comportamiento comunes en este tipo de alianzas.