Ultrasonographic measurement of adrenal gland-to-aorta ratio as a method of estimating adrenal size in dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 186 (19) ◽  
pp. e27-e27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalia Agut ◽  
Miryam Martinez ◽  
Agustina Anson ◽  
Marta Soler
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
Normal Gland ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Maximal Thickness

BackgroundAdrenal size has been used as the principal criterion for differentiating a normal gland from adrenal hyperplasia. The objectives of this study were to establish an ultrasonographic measurement of adrenal gland-to-aorta (adrenal/Ao) ratio to estimate the adrenal size and to assess the effects of bodyweight, age and sex on the adrenal/Ao ratio in non-adrenal gland disease dogs.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty-four dogs (120 entire females and 114 entire males) considered non-adrenal gland disease were included in this study. Dogs were allocated into three bodyweight categories (<10 kg, 10–20 kg and >20 kg), and four age groups (<1 year, 1–5 years, 5–10 years and >10 years old). Measurements of the maximal thickness of caudal pole of both adrenal glands and the aortic luminal diameter in sagittal plane were performed on the ultrasonographic images. Three different ratios were calculated for each dog.ResultsSex and age did not influence on the adrenal/Ao ratio. There were differences (P<0.05) between the three dog sizes for adrenal/Ao ratio, being the highest value for small size and the lowest value for large size.ConclusionsIn this study, only bodyweight influences the ultrasound measurement of the adrenal/Ao ratio in non-adrenal gland disease dogs.

scholarly journals A postmortem study on the weight of the human adrenal glands

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilruba Siddiqua ◽  
Shamim Ara ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Ara Parven Hosne
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group D

Objective: A cross-sectional descriptive type of study was designed to find out the difference in weight of the right and left adrenal glands of Bangladeshi people in relation to age and to compare with the previous studies. Materials & Methods: The study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2008 to June 2009 and performed on 140 post mortem human adrenal glands collected from 70 unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into four age-groups including group A (11-20 years), group B (21-30 years), group C (31-40 years) & group D (41-60 years) and the weight of the adrenal glands were measured and recorded. Results: There was no difference found in weight in between the right and the left adrenal glands in any age group. For the right adrenal gland, the differences in weight between group A & group B and group A & group D were statistically significant (p<0.05). For the left adrenal gland, the differences in weight between group A & group D and group C & group D were statistically significant (p<0.05). Key words: Adrenal gland; weight of adrenal gland. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i4.6686Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.4 July 2010 pp.204-207

Histomorphometric Study of the Proportion of Cortex and Medulla of the Adrenal Gland-A Postmortem Study

Mediscope ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dilruba Siddiqua ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Fatema Johora ◽  
Hasna Hena ◽  
Sunjida Shahriah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Background: The human adrenal gland shows a distinct proportion of two histological zones, named the cortex and the medulla, from outer inwards, in its histological appearance with differences in its cellular components and functions. Objective: The present study aims to see the variation in the proportion of the cortex and the medulla of the adrenal glands with age in a Bangladeshi population. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2008 to June 2009, based on collection of 140 postmortem human adrenal glands from 70 unclaimed dead bodies, in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into four age-groups including A (11-20 years), B (21-30 years), C (31-40 years) & D (41-60 years). Histological slides were prepared by using routine haematoxylin and eosin stain (H & E). Five best prepared slides from each group were examined under light compound microscope with low magnification. The thickness of adrenal cortex and medulla were measured by using ocular and stage micrometer and then converted into percentage volume. Results: The mean volume of the right adrenal cortex were found 83.64±3.71% in group A, 83.90±1.75% in group B, 83.74±5.78% in group C, 84.80±3.82% in group D, while the mean volume of the corresponding medulla were found 18.16±3.23% in group A, 15.70±2.71% in group B, 16.26±3.97% in group C, 16.20±4.04% in group D. The mean volume of the left adrenal cortex were found 84.64±3.49%, 84.90±1.75%, 84.20±3.40%, 85.44±2.66% in group A, B, C and D respectively, while the mean volume of the corresponding medulla were found 17.26±3.84%, 17.00±2.37%, 16.00±3.20% and 14.36±2.33% in group A, B, C and D respectively. The differences among the groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: No difference was found in the proportion of the cortex and the medulla of adrenal gland in different age-groups. Mediscope Vol. 8, No. 1: January 2021, Page 1-6

scholarly journals A postmortem study on the volume of the human adrenal glands

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-285
Author(s):  
Dilruba Siddiqua ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Shamim Ara ◽  
Fatema Zohora ◽  
Hasna Hena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group D

Objective: A Cross-sectional descriptive type of study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2008 to June 2009, to see the variation in the volume of the adrenal glands with age in Bangladeshi people. Materials & Methods: The study was performed on 140 post mortem human adrenal glands collected from 70 unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into four age-groups including group A (11-20 years), group B (21-30 years), group C (31-40 years) & group D (41-60 years). The length, breadth and thickness of each adrenal gland were measured by using a slide calipers. Then the volume of each adrenal gland was determined by the product of its length, breadth and thickness multiplied by 0.52, according to the prolate ellipsoid formula. Results: The mean volume of the right adrenal glands were found 6.36±0.85 cm3 in group A (11-20 years), 6.49±0.76 cm3 in group B (21-30 years), 6.50±0.80 cm3 in group C (31-40 years), 6.76±0.79 cm3 in group D (41-60 years). The mean volume of the left adrenal glands were found 6.97±1.02 cm3 in group A (11-20 years),6.93 ±0.83 cm3 in group B (21-30 years), 6.65±0.79 cm3 in group C (31- 40 years), 7.09±0.81 cm3 in group D (41-60 years). The differences between the right and left adrenal glands and the difference between age groups were not statistically significant. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 03 July ’13 Page 282-285 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.15425

Ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal gland size in two body weight categories of healthy adult cats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2097496
Author(s):  
Laura Pérez-López ◽  
Ana María Wägner ◽  
Pedro Saavedra ◽  
Jose Raduan Jaber ◽  
Carlos Melián
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gland Size

Objectives Adrenal gland size and its association with body weight have been rarely evaluated in cats. This study was undertaken to assess the association between feline body weight and adrenal gland thickness, and to propose reference intervals (RIs) for adrenal gland thickness in healthy cats. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which 39 healthy cats were included. The cats were divided into two weight categories, classified as ⩽4.0 kg and >4–8 kg of ideal body weight (with 13 and 26 cats in each group, respectively), which took into consideration the body condition score of the cats. All cats underwent an ultrasound examination that was taken from a subcostal position. Maximum dorsoventral thicknesses of the left (MTL) and right (MTR) adrenal glands were measured in a sagittal plane. RIs were obtained for the maximum thickness (MT), which included the MTLs and MTRs of each cat. RIs with the 90% confidence intervals were calculated according to American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines on RIs. Results No statistical differences for adrenal gland thickness were observed between the left and right ( P = 0.543) adrenal glands or between male and female cats ( P = 0.943). Mean MT was significantly greater in the group of cats weighing >4–8 kg compared with the group of cats weighing ⩽4 kg (3.7 ± 0.6 vs 3.2 ± 0.4 mm; P <0.005). The lower limit of the RI for MT was 2.4 mm (range 2.2–2.6 mm) in the group weighing ⩽4 kg and 2.6 mm (range 2.4–2.8 mm) in the group weighing >4–8 kg. The upper limit of the RI for MT was 3.9 mm (range 3.7–4.1 mm) in the group of cats weighing ⩽4 kg and 4.8 mm (range 4.6–5.1 mm) in the group of cats weighing >4–8 kg. Conclusions and relevance The use of RIs based on two group sizes allows for a more accurate ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal gland thickness in cats. The maximum normal adrenal gland thickness is lower in smaller cats (3.9 mm for those weighing ⩽4 kg and 4.8 mm for those weighing >4–8 kg).

scholarly journals Histological study of normal human suprarenal gland of different age groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Maruti Ram Annamaraju ◽  
Subhadra Devi Velichety ◽  
Ravindra Kumar Boddeti ◽  
Srihari Rao Battalapalli
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Suprarenal Gland ◽  
Well Differentiated

Background: Adrenal gland is a lifesaving endocrine gland of the human body. Knowledge of normal microscopic anatomy of the Adrenal gland facilitates Pathologists to correlate and make the differential diagnosis of various adrenal glands associated clinical conditions on histopathological examination. Aims and Objective: To study histological features of human adrenal gland in the post-natal period at different ages. Materials and Methods: Present study is conducted with 98 human adrenal glands from 49 unclaimed dead bodies during an autopsy and 22 human adrenal glands from 11 cadavers during routine dissection in S.V Medical College, Tirupati, which were utilized after obtaining consent from the close kith and kin. During the autopsy/dissection, the samples collected were from 2 Years to 64 years of age individuals of both sex with typical external features and divided into three groups. The first group consisted of less than 25 years of age. The second group consists of ages between 26 years to 50 years. The third group included 51 years and above, and all the specimens are processed for histological staining and observed under the microscope. Results: At 2 years well-developed capsule with large vessels and well-differentiated zones of definitive cortex and medulla were identified. The thick muscular coat of the central vein was identified at 20 years. At 36 years & 45 years, cellular architecture in various zones is very well differentiated. At 65 years, the cortico-medullary demarcation was irregular, and vascularity decreased. Conclusion: Histological features of pre-pubertal, adult, and old age group sections helps in the understanding of post-natal changes in the growth of the Suprarenal gland and its functions.

Protective Effect of Hypericum perforatum L. Extract on Hexavalent Chromium Induced Toxicity in Rat Adrenal Gland

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2014-2017
Author(s):  
Jelena Savici ◽  
Oana Maria Boldura ◽  
Cornel Balta ◽  
Diana Brezovan ◽  
Florin Muselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum L ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis

This study was carried out to test the possibility of hexavalent chromium administration through drinking water to induce the structural damage in rat�s adrenal glands and the possibility of Hypericum perforatum extract to faith against chromium aggression. Chromium induced cellular stress was determined by the expression level assessment of the Bcl2 genes family, known to modulate the apoptotic pathway. Obtained results showed that exposure to chromium altered adrenal glands morphology, by induction of apoptosis. When Hypericum perforatum extract was administered expression level of Bcl2 genes and histological lesions in adrenal glands were significantly reduced.

Prenatal Therapy in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Attempted Prevention of Abnormal External Genital Masculinization by Pharmacologic Suppression of the Fetal Adrenal Gland in Utero

1985 ◽  
Vol 458 (1 Congenital Ad) ◽  
pp. 156-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE P. CHROUSOS ◽  
MARK I. EVANS ◽  
D. LYNN LORIAUX ◽  
JAMES McCLUSKEY ◽  
JOHN C. FLETCHER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia

UTILIZATION OF [26-14C]CHOLESTEROL BY HUMAN FOETAL ADRENAL GLANDS IN VITRO

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. GUNASEGARAM ◽  
K. L. PEH ◽  
P. C. T. CHEW ◽  
S. M. M. KARIM ◽  
S. S. RATNAM
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Perfusion Studies

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Singapore, Kandang Kerbau Hospitalfor Women, Singapore 8, Republic of Singapore (Received 3 May 1978) From the previous studies of Bloch & Benirschke (1959, 1962) and Plotz, Kabara, Davis, LeRoy & Gould (1968) it appears that at mid-term, human foetal adrenal glands are capable of synthesizing C21- and C19-steroids de novo from acetate and cholesterol. Villee, Engel, Loring & Villee (1961), however, incubated slices and homogenates of foetal adrenal gland with [2-14C]acetate or [4-14C]cholesterol and could not demonstrate the incorporation of radioactivity into these steroids. Moreover, perfusion studies by three groups of investigators indicated only minute conversions of the same radioactive substrates into neutral steroids in the foetal adrenal glands (Solomon, Bird, Ling, Iwamiya & Young, 1967; Telegdy, Weeks, Archer, Wiqvist & Diczfalusy, 1970a; Telegdy, Weeks, Lerner, Stakemann & Diczfalusy, 1970b). It is widely believed that steroid hormones are normally synthesized from acetate via

scholarly journals Specificity of action of adrenocorticotrophin in vitro on ascorbate transport in rat adrenal glands

1970 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Clayman ◽  
D. Tsang ◽  
A. F. De Nicola ◽  
R. M. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Ascorbate Transport

The inhibition of ascorbate transport by rat adrenal quarters in response to steroidogenesis in vitro was shown to be highly specific with respect to tissue, substrate and steroidogenic agent. The transport system in vitro is capable of net accumulation of ascorbate. The evidence is consistent with the conclusion that ascorbate `depletion' in the adrenal gland is due to a specific block by corticoids of the uptake of ascorbate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document