Histological study of normal human suprarenal gland of different age groups

Background: Adrenal gland is a lifesaving endocrine gland of the human body. Knowledge of normal microscopic anatomy of the Adrenal gland facilitates Pathologists to correlate and make the differential diagnosis of various adrenal glands associated clinical conditions on histopathological examination. Aims and Objective: To study histological features of human adrenal gland in the post-natal period at different ages. Materials and Methods: Present study is conducted with 98 human adrenal glands from 49 unclaimed dead bodies during an autopsy and 22 human adrenal glands from 11 cadavers during routine dissection in S.V Medical College, Tirupati, which were utilized after obtaining consent from the close kith and kin. During the autopsy/dissection, the samples collected were from 2 Years to 64 years of age individuals of both sex with typical external features and divided into three groups. The first group consisted of less than 25 years of age. The second group consists of ages between 26 years to 50 years. The third group included 51 years and above, and all the specimens are processed for histological staining and observed under the microscope. Results: At 2 years well-developed capsule with large vessels and well-differentiated zones of definitive cortex and medulla were identified. The thick muscular coat of the central vein was identified at 20 years. At 36 years & 45 years, cellular architecture in various zones is very well differentiated. At 65 years, the cortico-medullary demarcation was irregular, and vascularity decreased. Conclusion: Histological features of pre-pubertal, adult, and old age group sections helps in the understanding of post-natal changes in the growth of the Suprarenal gland and its functions.

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Morphological features of primary cultures of adrenal cells of neonatal animals of different species

V N Karazin National University Series “Biology” ◽

10.26565/2075-5457-2019-33-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Adrenal Glands ◽

Primary Cultures ◽

Cell Monolayer ◽

Calf Serum ◽

Morphological Features ◽

Primary Cell ◽

Endocrine Gland ◽

Primary Cell Cultures

The adrenal gland is an endocrine gland, which in the process of organogenesis is formed from ecto- and mesoderm derivatives. The mechanisms that make cell types of different origins unite, migration routes, and cell interactions are still not fully understood. One of the tools for studying these mechanisms is the primary cell culture obtained from the adrenal gland. The aim of our work was to compare the morphological features of primary cell cultures of model animals belonging to different orders – pigs, rabbits and mice in vitro under various cultivation conditions (growth surface pattern, presence of growth factors), as well as developing methodological approaches for obtaining and maintaining primary cultures of adrenal cell of neonatal animals. Cultivation was performed under standard conditions of temperature and humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, on culture surfaces with normal and reduced adhesiveness in a nutrient medium DMEM enriched with 10% fetal calf serum (FTS) or growth supplements B-27 and FGF. It was established that cell cultures of adrenal neonatal rabbits and piglets that were cultured under conditions of normal adhesion and using FCS had a heterogeneous composition, and were presented as a monolayer consisting of cells of several morphological types, and multicellular spheroids (MS). When cultivated on the surface with reduced adhesive properties in cultures of adrenal glands of piglets and rabbits, a cell monolayer was not formed, but flotation MCs were formed. After transferring MCs of both species to the adhesive culture surface on day 14, cell eviction, their migration from the MCs and formation of a monolayer are observed. Similar stages in the development of primary cell cultures derived from rabbits and piglets suggest the existence of a universal cellular composition in the neonatal adrenal glands of these species and allow applying the same approaches to the primary cultures derived from them. Unlike other studied species, monolayer and MS formation does not occur in cell cultures of mouse neonatal adrenal glands. Cultures consist of single attached and floating cells and small cell aggregates.

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A postmortem study on the weight of the human adrenal glands

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v9i4.6686 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 204-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dilruba Siddiqua ◽

Shamim Ara ◽

Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽

Rukshana Ahmed ◽

Ara Parven Hosne

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Adrenal Glands ◽

Medical Science ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

The Right ◽

Group D

Objective: A cross-sectional descriptive type of study was designed to find out the difference in weight of the right and left adrenal glands of Bangladeshi people in relation to age and to compare with the previous studies. Materials & Methods: The study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2008 to June 2009 and performed on 140 post mortem human adrenal glands collected from 70 unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into four age-groups including group A (11-20 years), group B (21-30 years), group C (31-40 years) & group D (41-60 years) and the weight of the adrenal glands were measured and recorded. Results: There was no difference found in weight in between the right and the left adrenal glands in any age group. For the right adrenal gland, the differences in weight between group A & group B and group A & group D were statistically significant (p<0.05). For the left adrenal gland, the differences in weight between group A & group D and group C & group D were statistically significant (p<0.05). Key words: Adrenal gland; weight of adrenal gland. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i4.6686Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.4 July 2010 pp.204-207

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Clinical and Pathological Features of Canine Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.84453 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Elisângela Olegário Da Silva ◽

Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro Bracarense

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Adrenocortical Carcinoma ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Adrenocortical Hormones ◽

Mixed Breed ◽

Well Differentiated

Background: Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are uncommon in dogs. ACC often invade the posterior vena cava wall and the advential layer of the abdominal aorta; however, metastases to distant organs are rare. Most dogs with ACC show clinical signs of Cushing`s syndrome in a similar way with signs reported in humans. The aim of this study is to report three cases of metastatic ACC in dogs and their clinical and pathological features.Cases: This report describes three cases of metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) in dogs diagnosed post mortem through histopathological examination. The animals presented no signs of adrenal hormones overproduction. Case 1. A 13-year-old intact, mixed breed female dog was presented with a history of progressive hepatomegaly during the last four months. The animal was submitted to an exploratory laparotomy, but due to anesthetic complications no tissue specimen was sampled and after one week, the animal died. The necropsy examination showed an increased left adrenal (3 cm in diameter), multiple yellow to whitish nodules measuring 1 to 2 cm of diameter in the lung and severe hepatomegaly. The histopathological diagnosis was established as ACC with pulmonary metastasis. A severe and diffuse accumulation of glycogen in hepatocytes was also observed in Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Case 2. A 9-year-old female intact, mixed breed dog was presented showing ataxia, left head-tilt and dyspnoea. The clinical signs progressed and the dog died after four days. The gross examination showed a diffuse increase of the left adrenal gland (2 cm of diameter) accompanied by a yellowish colour at cut surface; diffuse bronchopneumonia and cerebral and renal discrete congestion. The microscopical diagnosis was ACC with kidney and CNS metastasis. Case 3. A 16-year-old male, intact, Poodle dog was presented with apathy, anorexia, vomiting and diarrhoea in the last two days. The animal was submitted to treatment, but the clinical signs progressed and the dog died. In the necropsy exam an increased right adrenal gland was observed (5 cm of diameter) showing multiple yellowish nodules when sectioned. The lung showed multiple whitish nodules mainly in pleural region. In the histopathological examination, the definitive diagnosis was ACC with pulmonary metastasis.Discussion: Most of adrenocortical tumours in dogs are functional and secrete excessive amounts of cortisol; therefore commonly animals show clinical signs of Cushing`s syndrome. In the present cases, the animals showed no clinical evidence of hormonal changes. Well-differentiated neoplastic cells were observed in cases 1 and 2, whereas in case 3 tumorous cells showed marked features of malignancy as cellular pleomorphism, binucleation, high mitotic index and atypical mitosis. Despite mild anaplastic features observed on cases 1 and 2, animals showed focus of metastases in lung, kidney and CNS. Apparently features of malignancy in ACC were not associated to the risk of metastasis development, indicating that even well-differentiated ACC may metastasize to distant organs. Metastases of ACC to distant sites are rare in dogs and there was no previous report of metastasis to CNS as observed in case 2. Canine ACC are considered uncommon tumours, however, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of mass in the abdominal cavity since the animals may show no clinical signs of adrenocortical hormones overproduction.Keywords: adrenal tumours, adrenocortical hormones, metastases, dog.

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Histomorphometric Study of the Proportion of Cortex and Medulla of the Adrenal Gland-A Postmortem Study

Mediscope ◽

10.3329/mediscope.v8i1.52198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Dilruba Siddiqua ◽

Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽

Fatema Johora ◽

Hasna Hena ◽

Sunjida Shahriah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Adrenal Cortex ◽

Adrenal Glands ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

Background: The human adrenal gland shows a distinct proportion of two histological zones, named the cortex and the medulla, from outer inwards, in its histological appearance with differences in its cellular components and functions. Objective: The present study aims to see the variation in the proportion of the cortex and the medulla of the adrenal glands with age in a Bangladeshi population. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2008 to June 2009, based on collection of 140 postmortem human adrenal glands from 70 unclaimed dead bodies, in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into four age-groups including A (11-20 years), B (21-30 years), C (31-40 years) & D (41-60 years). Histological slides were prepared by using routine haematoxylin and eosin stain (H & E). Five best prepared slides from each group were examined under light compound microscope with low magnification. The thickness of adrenal cortex and medulla were measured by using ocular and stage micrometer and then converted into percentage volume. Results: The mean volume of the right adrenal cortex were found 83.64±3.71% in group A, 83.90±1.75% in group B, 83.74±5.78% in group C, 84.80±3.82% in group D, while the mean volume of the corresponding medulla were found 18.16±3.23% in group A, 15.70±2.71% in group B, 16.26±3.97% in group C, 16.20±4.04% in group D. The mean volume of the left adrenal cortex were found 84.64±3.49%, 84.90±1.75%, 84.20±3.40%, 85.44±2.66% in group A, B, C and D respectively, while the mean volume of the corresponding medulla were found 17.26±3.84%, 17.00±2.37%, 16.00±3.20% and 14.36±2.33% in group A, B, C and D respectively. The differences among the groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: No difference was found in the proportion of the cortex and the medulla of adrenal gland in different age-groups. Mediscope Vol. 8, No. 1: January 2021, Page 1-6

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A postmortem study on the volume of the human adrenal glands

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v12i3.15425 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 282-285

Author(s):

Dilruba Siddiqua ◽

Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽

Shamim Ara ◽

Fatema Zohora ◽

Hasna Hena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Adrenal Glands ◽

Medical Science ◽

Age Groups ◽

Medical College ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B ◽

The Right ◽

Group D

Objective: A Cross-sectional descriptive type of study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2008 to June 2009, to see the variation in the volume of the adrenal glands with age in Bangladeshi people. Materials & Methods: The study was performed on 140 post mortem human adrenal glands collected from 70 unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into four age-groups including group A (11-20 years), group B (21-30 years), group C (31-40 years) & group D (41-60 years). The length, breadth and thickness of each adrenal gland were measured by using a slide calipers. Then the volume of each adrenal gland was determined by the product of its length, breadth and thickness multiplied by 0.52, according to the prolate ellipsoid formula. Results: The mean volume of the right adrenal glands were found 6.36±0.85 cm3 in group A (11-20 years), 6.49±0.76 cm3 in group B (21-30 years), 6.50±0.80 cm3 in group C (31-40 years), 6.76±0.79 cm3 in group D (41-60 years). The mean volume of the left adrenal glands were found 6.97±1.02 cm3 in group A (11-20 years),6.93 ±0.83 cm3 in group B (21-30 years), 6.65±0.79 cm3 in group C (31- 40 years), 7.09±0.81 cm3 in group D (41-60 years). The differences between the right and left adrenal glands and the difference between age groups were not statistically significant. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 03 July 13 Page 282-285 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.15425

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Ultrasonographic measurement of adrenal gland-to-aorta ratio as a method of estimating adrenal size in dogs

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.105188 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 186 (19) ◽

pp. e27-e27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amalia Agut ◽

Miryam Martinez ◽

Agustina Anson ◽

Marta Soler

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Adrenal Glands ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Age Groups ◽

Ultrasound Measurement ◽

Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽

Luminal Diameter ◽

Normal Gland ◽

Large Size ◽

Maximal Thickness

BackgroundAdrenal size has been used as the principal criterion for differentiating a normal gland from adrenal hyperplasia. The objectives of this study were to establish an ultrasonographic measurement of adrenal gland-to-aorta (adrenal/Ao) ratio to estimate the adrenal size and to assess the effects of bodyweight, age and sex on the adrenal/Ao ratio in non-adrenal gland disease dogs.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty-four dogs (120 entire females and 114 entire males) considered non-adrenal gland disease were included in this study. Dogs were allocated into three bodyweight categories (<10 kg, 10–20 kg and >20 kg), and four age groups (<1 year, 1–5 years, 5–10 years and >10 years old). Measurements of the maximal thickness of caudal pole of both adrenal glands and the aortic luminal diameter in sagittal plane were performed on the ultrasonographic images. Three different ratios were calculated for each dog.ResultsSex and age did not influence on the adrenal/Ao ratio. There were differences (P<0.05) between the three dog sizes for adrenal/Ao ratio, being the highest value for small size and the lowest value for large size.ConclusionsIn this study, only bodyweight influences the ultrasound measurement of the adrenal/Ao ratio in non-adrenal gland disease dogs.

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Importance for experiments in human medicine of imaging modalities for macroanatomical and histological study of rabbit suprarenal glands

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.6286 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 75 (08) ◽

pp. 6286-2019

Author(s):

OMER GURKAN DILEK ◽

ROSEN STEFANOV DIMITROV ◽

KAMELIA DIMCHEVA STAMATOVA-YOVCHEVA ◽

DAVID GOSPODINOV YOVCHEV ◽

RADOSLAV MIHAYLOV

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Glands ◽

Histological Study ◽

Left Kidney ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Zona Glomerulosa ◽

Imaging Modalities ◽

Suprarenal Gland ◽

The Us ◽

Suprarenal Glands ◽

The Right

The morphological characteristics of the rabbit adrenal glands are currently investigated using routine imaging modalities. The aim of the study was to collect and interpret major findings and information in the literature on the rabbit as an animal model for investigations in humans. The suprarenal glands of thirty-four mature, clinically healthy New Zealand rabbits were studied using anatomical, routine histology, radiology, computed tomography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging methods. The results demonstrated that the rabbit suprarenal glands are paired ellipsoid organs. The right gland was close to the right kidney, whereas the left gland was located at a distance from the left kidney. The capsule was composed of dense connective tissue. The parenchyma consisted of three zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculate, and zona reticularis. The medulla was in the center of the glandular parenchyma. The glands’ radiological and CT features defined their position relative to the right and left kidneys. The right suprarenal gland was with normal attenuation. The left suprarenal gland was located at a distance from the left kidney. The US features of the glands demonstrated variability in darkness and contrast, revealing specific histological features. The MRI peculiarities of the glands defined them as well visible findings

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Histological Study of Human Thyroid Gland Relative Proportion of Parenchyma and Stroma in Thyroid Glands of Bangladeshi People

Update Dental College Journal ◽

10.3329/updcj.v1i2.13981 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 17-20

Author(s):

Md Enayet Ullah ◽

Hasna Hena ◽

Rubina Qasim

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Histological Study ◽

Relative Proportion ◽

Age Groups ◽

Human Thyroid ◽

Structural Units ◽

Thyroid Glands ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Connective Tissue Sheath

Deep cervical fascia forms a connective tissue sheath around the thyroid gland. Delicate trabeculae and septa penetrate the gland indistinctly dividing the gland into lobes and lobules which in turn composed of follicles.1,2,3 These follicles are structural units of thyroid gland which varies greatly in size and shape.4 The number of follicles varies in different age groups. The study was carried out to see the percentage of area occupied by follicles in the stained section of thyroid glands in different age groups. The collected samples were grouped as A (3.5 20yrs), B (21- 40yrs) & C (41 78yrs). Percentage of area occupied by follicles was (58.55±10.72) in group A, (63.79±12.35) in group B + (63.39±8.29) in group C.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v1i2.13981 Update Dent. Coll. j. 2011: 1(2): 17-20

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Protective Effect of Hypericum perforatum L. Extract on Hexavalent Chromium Induced Toxicity in Rat Adrenal Gland

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.9.5813 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (9) ◽

pp. 2014-2017

Author(s):

Jelena Savici ◽

Oana Maria Boldura ◽

Cornel Balta ◽

Diana Brezovan ◽

Florin Muselin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Adrenal Gland ◽

Hexavalent Chromium ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Hypericum Perforatum ◽

Adrenal Glands ◽

Expression Level ◽

Apoptotic Pathway ◽

Hypericum Perforatum L ◽

Induction Of Apoptosis

This study was carried out to test the possibility of hexavalent chromium administration through drinking water to induce the structural damage in rat�s adrenal glands and the possibility of Hypericum perforatum extract to faith against chromium aggression. Chromium induced cellular stress was determined by the expression level assessment of the Bcl2 genes family, known to modulate the apoptotic pathway. Obtained results showed that exposure to chromium altered adrenal glands morphology, by induction of apoptosis. When Hypericum perforatum extract was administered expression level of Bcl2 genes and histological lesions in adrenal glands were significantly reduced.

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UTILIZATION OF [26-14C]CHOLESTEROL BY HUMAN FOETAL ADRENAL GLANDS IN VITRO

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0790393 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 393-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. GUNASEGARAM ◽

K. L. PEH ◽

P. C. T. CHEW ◽

S. M. M. KARIM ◽

S. S. RATNAM

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Steroid Hormones ◽

Adrenal Glands ◽

De Novo ◽

Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽

Perfusion Studies

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Singapore, Kandang Kerbau Hospitalfor Women, Singapore 8, Republic of Singapore (Received 3 May 1978) From the previous studies of Bloch & Benirschke (1959, 1962) and Plotz, Kabara, Davis, LeRoy & Gould (1968) it appears that at mid-term, human foetal adrenal glands are capable of synthesizing C21- and C19-steroids de novo from acetate and cholesterol. Villee, Engel, Loring & Villee (1961), however, incubated slices and homogenates of foetal adrenal gland with [2-14C]acetate or [4-14C]cholesterol and could not demonstrate the incorporation of radioactivity into these steroids. Moreover, perfusion studies by three groups of investigators indicated only minute conversions of the same radioactive substrates into neutral steroids in the foetal adrenal glands (Solomon, Bird, Ling, Iwamiya & Young, 1967; Telegdy, Weeks, Archer, Wiqvist & Diczfalusy, 1970a; Telegdy, Weeks, Lerner, Stakemann & Diczfalusy, 1970b). It is widely believed that steroid hormones are normally synthesized from acetate via

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