North American ginseng protects against muscle damage and reduces neutrophil infiltration after an acute bout of downhill running in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrbod Estaki ◽  
Earl G. Noble

Eccentric muscle contractions such as those experienced during downhill running are associated with inflammation, delayed-onset of muscle soreness, myofiber damage, and various functional deficits. North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties and thus may offset some of this exercise-induced damage. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that intervention with North American ginseng would reduce eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation. Male Wistar rats were fed (300 mg/(kg·day)–1) of either an alcohol (AL) or aqueous (AQ) extract of North American ginseng for 14 days before a single bout of downhill running and were compared with matching nonexercised (C) groups. Plasma creatine kinase levels were significantly reduced in both ginseng treated groups compared with the C group that received a water placebo (p < 0.002). Further, the AQ but not AL group also showed attenuated morphological signs of damage (hemotoxylin and eosin) as well as reduced levels of infiltrating neutrophils (HIS48) in the soleus muscle (p < 0.001). In summary, supplementation with an AQ but not AL extract of North American ginseng was able to reduce eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation.

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (6) ◽  
pp. R2168-R2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Davis ◽  
E. Angela Murphy ◽  
Martin D. Carmichael ◽  
Mark R. Zielinski ◽  
Claire M. Groschwitz ◽  
...  

Downhill running is associated with fiber damage, inflammation, delayed-onset muscle soreness, and various functional deficits. Curcumin, a constituent of the Indian spice turmeric has been investigated for its anti-inflammatory activity and may offset some of the damage and functional deficits associated with downhill running. This study examined the effects of curcumin on inflammation and recovery of running performance following downhill running in mice. Male mice were assigned to downhill placebo (Down-Plac), downhill curcumin (Down-Cur), uphill placebo (Up-Plac), or uphill curcumin (Up-Cur) groups and run on a treadmill at 22 m/min at −14% or +14% grade, for 150 min. At 48 h or 72 h after the up/downhill run, mice ( experiment 1) underwent a treadmill performance run to fatigue. Another subset of mice was placed in voluntary activity wheel cages following the up/downhill run ( experiment 2) and their voluntary activity (distance, time and peak speed) was recorded. Additional mice ( experiment 3) were killed at 24 h and 48 h following the up/downhill run, and the soleus muscle was harvested for analysis of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and plasma was collected for creatine kinase analysis. Downhill running decreased both treadmill run time to fatigue (48 h and 72 h) and voluntary activity (24 h) ( P < 0.05), and curcumin feedings offset these effects on running performance. Downhill running was also associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines (24 h and 48 h) and creatine kinase (24 h) ( P < 0.05) that were blunted by curcumin feedings. These results support the hypothesis that curcumin can reduce inflammation and offset some of the performance deficits associated with eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage.


2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0163-0172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Boz ◽  
Muaz Belviranli ◽  
Nilsel Okudan

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress in rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control (C; no curcumin, no exercise; n = 6), Curcumin (Cur; n = 8), Exercise (E; n = 8) and Exercise Plus Curcumin (ECur; n = 8). Curcumin was given for 20 days via oral gavage at doses of 200 mg/kg-1 of body weight per day, dissolved in corn oil. On the 21st day eccentric exercise was provided via a treadmill run and the rats were sacrificed immediately after. Results: Eccentric exercise resulted in significant (p < 0.05) increases in all injury markers such as creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin, but curcumin supplementation tended to decrease CK activity (p > 0.05) and significantly decreased myoglobin levels (p < 0.05). In blood and muscle samples, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were not affected by either curcumin or exercise (p > 0.05). MDA levels in liver tissue decreased in the ECur group, compared to the control (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and glutathione (GSH) levels were affected by neither curcumin nor exercise (p > 0.05), in blood, muscle and liver tissues. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that curcumin has a protective effect on eccentric exercise induced muscle damage, and that this effect might be independent of oxidative stress and antioxidant systems.


2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-446
Author(s):  
Toshihide Suzuki ◽  
Makoto Shimizu ◽  
Yoshio Yamauchi ◽  
Ryuichiro Sato

ABSTRACT Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) contained in the peel of citrus fruits have anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidepressant effects. However, their effects on skeletal muscle are unknown. We investigated whether PMFs could prevent skeletal muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise in rats. Downhill running for 90 min increased the levels of the inflammatory cytokines, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in skeletal muscles, especially in vastus lateralis, and the plasma creatine kinase levels. These increases were attenuated by a single oral administration of orange peel extract (OPE) 30 min before downhill running. A mixture of nobiletin, sinensetin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone, and tangeretin, which are the major PMFs of OPE, also showed similar effects on muscle damage. These results suggest that OPE has a protective effect against eccentric exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage, and that the effects may be attributed to the 4 major PMFs.


2017 ◽  
Vol Volume 10 ◽  
pp. 2213-2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Nausheen ◽  
Jamal Ali Moiz ◽  
Shahid Raza ◽  
Mohammed Yakub Shareef ◽  
Shahnawaz Anwer ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor C. Chen ◽  
Hsin-Lian Chen ◽  
Yi-Chuen Liu ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Song ◽  
Xin Xu

Objective Purpose:Downhill running can causes muscle damage, called delayed muscle damage and induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction, causing abnormity of skeletal muscle morphology, changing in blood biochemical indexes, and decreasing in function of skeletal muscle systolic. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, is degraded by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1). There were new evidences demonstrated that DDAH1 is an important regulator of cell redox state and apoptosis. In summary, the study shown that DDAH1 is an important regulator of cell redox state and apoptosis. Emerging evidences suggests that DDAH1 controls cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis via a miR-21-dependent pathway. However, the effect and mechanism of DDAH1 on damage of skeletal muscle caused by downhill running is not clear enough. Thus,the purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect and mechanism of DDAH1 in downhill running. Keys: downhill running; delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS); eccentric exercise; skeletal muscle. Methods Method: The experimental mice were 24 female C57 mice of 10 weeks old and 24 female DDAH1 hybrid knockout mice of 10 weeks old. DDAH1 KO mice used for this study was knockout of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 compared with WT mice. Animals were fed standard laboratory chow and had access to water ad libitum. C57 mice were divided into 3 groups: C57 control, C57 48H, C57 120H; DDAH1 KO mice were divided into 3 groups: DDAH1 control, DDAH1 48H, DDAH1 120H. C57 and DDAH1 KO mice used for this study completed a single bout of downhill running exercise (20°, 17 m/min, 60 min), and gastrocnemius muscle, soleus muscle and quadriceps femoris muscle were collected 48 and 120 hours (H) postexercise (PE). C57control group and DDAH1 KO control group dose not exercise. Speed on the treadmill was gradually increased from 10 to 17m/min during a 7-min warm-up period (increased of 1m/min every minute). All experiments were conducted at approximately the same time of day. Maximal grip strength was measured ifor each groups. Grip strength testing was completed to detect post-eccentric exercise injury in C57 and DDAH1 KO mice. All results were analyzed by means of methods of histological and molecular biological. Results Method: The experimental mice were 24 female C57 mice of 10 weeks old and 24 female DDAH1 hybrid knockout mice of 10 weeks old. DDAH1 KO mice used for this study was knockout of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 compared with WT mice. Animals were fed standard laboratory chow and had access to water ad libitum. C57 mice were divided into 3 groups: C57 control, C57 48H, C57 120H; DDAH1 KO mice were divided into 3 groups: DDAH1 control, DDAH1 48H, DDAH1 120H. C57 and DDAH1 KO mice used for this study completed a single bout of downhill running exercise (20°, 17 m/min, 60 min), and gastrocnemius muscle, soleus muscle and quadriceps femoris muscle were collected 48 and 120 hours (H) postexercise (PE). C57control group and DDAH1 KO control group dose not exercise. Speed on the treadmill was gradually increased from 10 to 17m/min during a 7-min warm-up period (increased of 1m/min every minute). All experiments were conducted at approximately the same time of day. Maximal grip strength was measured ifor each groups. Grip strength testing was completed to detect post-eccentric exercise injury in C57 and DDAH1 KO mice. All results were analyzed by means of methods of histological and molecular biological. Conclusions Conclusion: The DDAH1 knockout has a protective effect on delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) caused by downhill running, and accelerate the injury recovery.     


2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 1545-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor C. Chen ◽  
Hsin-Lian Chen ◽  
Ming-Ju Lin ◽  
Che-Hsiu Chen ◽  
Alan J. Pearce ◽  
...  

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