scholarly journals Salivary SIgA responses to acute moderate–vigorous exercise in monophasic oral contraceptive users

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 863-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harumi Hayashida ◽  
Nicola J. Dolan ◽  
Charlotte Hounsome ◽  
Nawal Alajmi ◽  
Nicolette C. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Saliva Flow

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use on salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels at rest and in response to an acute bout of moderate–vigorous exercise during 2 phases of the 4-week OC cycle corresponding to different phases of the synthetic menstrual cycle. Ten healthy active females completed a cycling at 70% peak oxygen uptake for 45 min at 2 time points of an OC cycle: during the equivalent in time to the mid-follicular phase (day 8 ± 2) and the mid-luteal phase (day 20 ± 2). Timed unstimulated saliva samples were obtained before, immediately postexercise, and 1 h postexercise and analyzed for salivary SIgA. Salivary SIgA secretion rate was 26% (95% confidence limits (CI) 6–46) lower at postexercise compared with pre-exercise during the synthetic follicular phase (p = 0.019) but no differences were observed during the synthetic luteal trial. Saliva flow rate was 11% (95% CI, 8–30) lower at postexercise compared with pre-exercise (main effect for time; p = 0.025). In conclusion, the pattern of salivary SIgA secretion rate response to moderate–vigorous exercise varies across the early and late phases of a monophasic OC cycle, with a transient reduction in salivary SIgA responses during the synthetic follicular phase. These findings indicate that monophasic OC use should be considered when assessing mucosal immune responses to acute exercise.

scholarly journals Salivary immunoglobulin A response at rest and after exercise following a 48 h period of fluid and/or energy restriction

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Oliver ◽  
Stewart J. Laing ◽  
Sally Wilson ◽  
James L. J. Bilzon ◽  
Robert Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Saliva Flow Rate ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Saliva Flow ◽  
Trial Participants ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

The aim was to investigate the effects of a 48 h period of fluid, energy or combined fluid and energy restriction on salivary IgA (s-IgA) responses at rest and after exercise. Thirteen healthy males (age 21 (sem 1) years) participated in four randomised 48 h trials. In the control trial participants received their estimated energy (12 154 (sem 230) kJ/d) and water (3912 (sem 140) ml/d) requirements. On fluid restriction (FR) participants received their energy requirements and 193 (sem 19) ml water/d to drink and on energy restriction (ER) participants received their water requirements and 1214 (sem 25) kJ/d. Fluid and energy restriction (F+ER) was a combination of FR and ER. After 48 h, participants performed a 30 min treadmill time trial (TT) followed by rehydration (0–2 h) and refeeding (2–6 h). Unstimulated saliva was collected at 0, 24 and 48 h, post-TT, and 2 and 6 h post-TT. Saliva flow rate (sflw) and s-IgA (ELISA) remained unchanged in control conditions and on ER. However, 48 h on FR decreased sflw (64 %) which most probably accounted for the increase in s-IgA concentration (P < 0·01). Despite a decrease in sflw (54 %), s-IgA concentration did not increase on F+ER, resulting in a decreased s-IgA secretion rate by 24 h (0 h: 20 (sem 2); 24 h: 12 (sem 2) μg/min; P < 0·01). Post-TT s-IgA secretion rate was not lower compared with 48 h on any trial. s-IgA secretion rate returned to within 0 h values by 6 h post-TT on F+ER. In conclusion, a 24–48 h period of combined F+ER decreased s-IgA secretion rate but normalisation occurred upon refeeding.

ACADEMIC STRESS, POWER MOTIVATION, AND DECREASE IN SECRETION RATE OF SALIVARY SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN A

The Lancet ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 321 (8339) ◽  
pp. 1400-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
JohnB. Jemmott ◽  
Myrin Borysenko ◽  
Robert Chapman ◽  
JoanZ. Borysenko ◽  
DavidC. Mcclelland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Power Motivation ◽  
Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

scholarly journals Influence of a Fed or Fasted State on the s-IgA Response to Prolonged Cycling in Active Men and Women

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith E. Allgrove ◽  
Louise Geneen ◽  
Sarah Latif ◽  
Michael Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Saliva Flow Rate ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Iga Response ◽  
Saliva Flow ◽  
Unstimulated Whole Saliva ◽  
Active Adults

This study investigated the effect of a fed or fasted state on the salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) response to prolonged cycling. Using a randomized, crossover design, 16 active adults (8 men and 8 women) performed 2 hr of cycling on a stationary ergometer at 65% of maximal oxygen uptake on 1 occasion after an overnight fast (FAST) and on another occasion 2 hr after consuming a 2.2-MJ high-carbohydrate meal (FED). Timed, unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected immediately before ingestion of the meal, immediately preexercise, 5 min before cessation of exercise, immediately postexercise, and 1 hr postexercise. The samples were analyzed for s-IgA concentration, osmolality, and cortisol, and saliva flow rates were determined to calculate s-IgA secretion rate. Saliva flow rate decreased by 50% during exercise (p < .05), and s-IgA concentration increased by 42% (p < .05), but s-IgA secretion rate remained unchanged. There was a 37% reduction in s-IgA:osmolality postexercise (p < .05), and salivary cortisol increased by 68% (p < .05). There was no effect of FED vs. FAST on these salivary responses. The s-IgA concentration, secretion rate, and osmolality were found to be significantly lower in women than in men throughout the exercise protocol (p < .05); however, there was no difference between genders in saliva flow rate, s-IgA:osmolality ratio, or cortisol. These data demonstrate that a fed or fasted state 2 hr before exercise does not influence resting s-IgA or the response to prolonged cycling. Furthermore, these results show lower levels of s-IgA and osmolality in women than in men at rest.

scholarly journals Brief Report: Training Load, Salivary Immunoglobulin A, and Illness Incidence in Elite Paratriathletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben T. Stephenson ◽  
Eleanor Hynes ◽  
Christof A. Leicht ◽  
Keith Tolfrey ◽  
Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Median Concentration ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Report Symptom ◽  
Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A

Purpose: To gain an exploratory insight into the relation between training load (TL), salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and upper respiratory tract illness (URI) in elite paratriathletes. Methods: Seven paratriathletes were recruited. Athletes provided weekly saliva samples for the measurement of sIgA over 23 consecutive weeks (February to July) and a further 11 consecutive weeks (November to January). sIgA was compared to individuals’ weekly training duration, external TL, and internal TL, using time spent in predetermined heart-rate zones. Correlations were assessed via regression analyses. URI was quantified via weekly self-report symptom questionnaire. Results: There was a significant negative relation between athletes’ individual weekly training duration and sIgA secretion rate (P = .028), with changes in training duration accounting for 12.7% of the variance (quartiles: 0.2%, 19.2%). There was, however, no significant relation between external or internal TL and sIgA parameters (P ≥ .104). There was no significant difference in sIgA when URI was present or not (101% vs 118% healthy median concentration; P ≥ .225); likewise, there was no difference in sIgA when URI occurred within 2 wk of sampling or not (83% vs 125% healthy median concentration; P ≥ .120). Conclusions: Paratriathletes’ weekly training duration significantly affects sIgA secretion rate, yet the authors did not find a relation between external or internal TL and sIgA parameters. Furthermore, it was not possible to detect any link between sIgA and URI occurrence, which throws into question the potential of using sIgA as a monitoring tool for early detection of illness.

Urinary melatonin, LH, oestradiol, progesterone excretion during the menstrual cycle or in women taking oral contraceptives

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyne Brun ◽  
Bruno Claustrat ◽  
Michel David
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Women

Abstract. Nocturnal urinary excretion of melatonin, LH, progesterone and oestradiol was measured by radioimmunoassay in nine normal women during a complete cycle. In addition, these hormonal excretions were studied in two women taking an oral contraceptive. A high within-subject coefficient of variation was observed for melatonin excretion in the two groups. In the nine normal cycling women, melatonin excretion was not decreased at the time of ovulation, but was significantly increased during the luteal phase compared with that of the follicular phase (P < 0.01). These data are consistent with a positive relationship between melatonin and progesterone during the luteal phase. In the two women under an oral contraceptive, melatonin excretion was found within the same range as for the other nine. The results are discussed in terms of pineal investigation in human.

scholarly journals Assessment of oxidative stress in saliva of children with dental erosion

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Shitsuka ◽  
Flávia Kazue Ibuki ◽  
Fernando Neves Nogueira ◽  
Fausto Medeiros Mendes ◽  
Marcelo Bönecker
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Dental Erosion ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Saliva Flow

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate oxidative stress in saliva of children with dental erosion as compared to children with no erosion. Methods One single examiner, trained and prepared to make diagnosis of dental erosion according to the Basic Erosive Wear Examination index, selected 40 children aged 4 to 6 years, who attended a pediatric dentistry prevention clinic. Two groups were formed - one comprising children with dental erosion (n=22), and another with no dental erosion (n=18). The quantity of dental biofilm was verified using the Simplified Index of Oral Hygiene, and unstimulated saliva was collected for biochemical analyses. The following were assessed in saliva: flow rate, buffering capacity, pH, and total protein concentration. Malondialdehyde levels were also verified to determine oxidative stress and total antioxidant status. Results The quantity of biofilm was smaller in children with mean dental erosion±standard deviation (0.76±0.25), as compared to those with no dental erosion (1.18±0.28). There was no statistical difference in saliva parameters of oxidative stress in children with dental erosion. Conclusion The activity of oxidative stress in saliva did not influence dental erosion process when in its early stages.

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