#3: ACUTE EFFECTS OF MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE ON PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN PATTERNS IN MEN AND WOMEN

Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is an important regulator of carbohydrate oxidation during exercise, and its activity can be downregulated by an increase in dietary fat. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute metabolic effects of differential dietary fatty acids on the activation of the PDH complex (PDHa activity) at rest and at the onset of moderate-intensity exercise. University-aged male subjects ( n = 7) underwent two fat-loading trials spaced at least 2 wk apart. Subjects consumed ∼300 g saturated (SFA) or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) fat over the course of 5 h. Following this, participants cycled at 65% of their maximum oxygen uptake for 15 min. Muscle biopsies were taken before and following fat loading and at 1 min exercise. Plasma free fatty acids increased from 0.15 ± 0.07 to 0.54 ± 0.19 mM over 5 h with SFA and from 0.11 ± 0.04 to 0.35 ± 0.13 mM with n-6 PUFA and were significantly lower throughout the n-6 PUFA trial. PDHa activity was unchanged following fat loading but increased at the onset of exercise in the SFA trial, from 1.18 ± 0.27 to 2.16 ± 0.37 mmol·min−1·kg wet wt−1. This effect was negated in the n-6 PUFA trial (1.04 ± 0.20 to 1.28 ± 0.36 mmol·min−1·kg wet wt−1). PDH kinase was unchanged in both trials, suggesting that the attenuation of PDHa activity with n-6 PUFA was a result of changes in the concentrations of intramitochondrial effectors, potentially intramitochondrial NADH or Ca2+. Our findings suggest that attenuated PDHa activity contributes to the preferential oxidation of n-6 PUFA during moderate-intensity exercise.

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Changes in cytokine levels after prolonged and repeated moderate intensity exercise in middle-aged men and women

Translational Sports Medicine ◽

10.1002/tsm2.23 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 110-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. Terink ◽

C. C. W. G. Bongers ◽

R. F. Witkamp ◽

M. Mensink ◽

T. M. Eijsvogels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moderate Intensity ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Men And Women ◽

Cytokine Levels

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Acute Effect of Interval Walking on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Young Adults

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-0608-4476 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (07) ◽

pp. 495-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Takanobu Okamoto ◽

Seok-Ki Min ◽

Mikako Sakamaki-Sunaga

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Men And Women ◽

Oscillometric Device ◽

Maximum Aerobic Capacity

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of interval walking (IW) on arterial stiffness. The participants in this study were 14 healthy men and women (age 27.5±3.8 y). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was measured using an automatic oscillometric device at 30 min before (baseline) and at 30 and 60 min after walking. Participants repeated five sets of 3-min walks at 30% and 70% of maximum aerobic capacity for a total of 6 min per set in the IW trial. The participants also walked for 30 min at 50% (moderate intensity) of maximum aerobic capacity in a continuous walking (CW) trial. cfPWV was significantly decreased from baseline at 30 min (P=0.02) after the IW trial, and this reduction in cfPWV persisted for 60 min (P=0.01). In contrast, cfPWV was significantly decreased from baseline at 30 min (P=0.03) after the CW trial, but the reduction did not persist for 60 min. Moreover, changes in cfPWV in the IW trial after 30 and 60 min were significantly lower than in the CW trial (P<0.05). These results suggest that IW acutely reduces central arterial stiffness more than CW in healthy young adults.

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Total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol changes during acute, moderate-intensity exercise in men and women

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/0026-0495(83)90188-9 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 244-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Doris L.F. Lennon ◽

Frederick W. Stratman ◽

Earl Shrago ◽

Faancis J. Nagle ◽

Peter G. Hanson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Men And Women

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The effect of an incremental increase in exercise on appetite, eating behaviour and energy balance in lean men and women feedingad libitum

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114508968240 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 100 (5) ◽

pp. 1109-1115 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Stephen Whybrow ◽

Darren A. Hughes ◽

Patrick Ritz ◽

Alexandra M. Johnstone ◽

Graham W. Horgan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Behaviour ◽

Energy Deficit ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Constant Composition ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Doubly Labelled Water ◽

Men And Women ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Incremental Increase

The effects of incremental exercise on appetite, energy intake (EI), expenditure (EE) and balance (EB) in lean men and women were examined. Six men (age 29·7 (sd5·9) years, weight 75·2 (sd15·3) kg, height 1·75 (sd0·11) m) and six women (age 24·7 (sd5·9) years, weight 66·7 (sd9·10) kg, height 1·70 (sd0·09) m) were each studied three times during a 16 d protocol, corresponding to no additional exercise (Nex), moderate-intensity exercise (Mex; 1·5–2·0 MJ/d) and high-intensity exercise (Hex; 3·0–4·0 MJ/d) regimens. Subjects were fed to EB during days 1–2, and during days 3–16 they fedad libitumfrom a medium-fat diet of constant composition. Daily EE, assessed using the doubly labelled water method, was 9·2, 11·6 and 13·7 MJ/d (P < 0·001;sed0·45) for the women and 12·2, 14·0 and 16·7 MJ/d (P = 0·007;sed1·11) for the men on the Nex, Mex and Hex treatments, respectively. EI was 8·3, 8·6 and 9·9 MJ/d (P = 0·118;sed0·72) for the women and 10·6, 11·6 and 12·0 MJ/d (P = 0·031;sed0·47) for the men, respectively. On average, subjects compensated for about 30 % of the exercise-induced energy deficit. However, the degree of compensation varied considerably among individuals. The present study captured the initial compensation in EI for exercise-induced energy deficits. Total compensation would take a matter of weeks.

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Sprint interval exercise versus continuous moderate intensity exercise: acute effects on tissue oxygenation, blood pressure and enjoyment in 18–30 year old inactive men

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.7077 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e7077 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuri Kriel ◽

Christopher D. Askew ◽

Colin Solomon

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Interval Training ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Oxygen Utilisation ◽

Local Oxygen

Background Sprint interval training (SIT) can be as effective, or more effective, than continuous moderate intensity exercise (CMIE) for improving a primary risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, there has been no direct comparison in inactive individuals, of the acute effects of a session of SIT with a work-matched session of CMIE on local oxygen utilisation, which is a primary stimulus for increasing CRF. Furthermore, post-exercise blood pressure (BP) and enjoyment, if symptomatic and low, respectively, have implications for safety and adherence to exercise and have not been compared between these specific conditions. It was hypothesised that in young inactive men, local oxygen utilisation would be higher, while post-exercise BP and enjoyment would be lower for SIT, when compared to CMIE. Methods A total of 11 inactive men (mean ± SD; age 23 ± 4 years) completed a maximal ramp-incremental exercise test followed by two experiment conditions: (1) SIT and (2) work-matched CMIE on a cycle ergometer on separate days. Deoxygenated haemoglobin (∆HHb) in the pre-frontal cortex (FH), gastrocnemius (GN), left vastus lateralis (LVL) and the right vastus lateralis (RVL) muscles, systemic oxygen utilisation (VO2), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) were measured during the experiment conditions. Results During SIT, compared to CMIE, ∆HHb in FH (p = 0.016) and GN (p = 0.001) was higher, while PACES (p = 0.032) and DBP (p = 0.043) were lower. No differences in SBP and ∆HHb in LVL and RVL were found between conditions. Conclusions In young inactive men, higher levels of physiological stress occurred during SIT, which potentially contributed to lower levels of post-exercise DBP and enjoyment, when compared to CMIE.

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Individuals with controlled hypertension show endothelial integrity following a bout of moderate-intensity exercise: randomized clinical trial

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87990-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gustavo Waclawovsky ◽

Liliana F. C. Boll ◽

Bruna Eibel ◽

Ana Paula Alegretti ◽

Fabiane Spagnol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Exercise Bout ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Post Intervention ◽

And Oxidative Stress

AbstractTo examine the acute effects of aerobic exercise (AE), resistance exercise (RE) or combined exercise (CE) on flow-mediated dilation (FMD), progenitor cells (PCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), oxidative stress markers and endothelial-cell derived microvesicles (EMVs) in patients with hypertension. This is a randomized, parallel-group clinical trial involving an intervention of one session of three different modalities of exercise. Thirty-three males (43 ± 2y) were randomly divided into three groups: a session of AE (n = 11, 40 min, cycle ergometer, 60% HRR); a session of RE (n = 11, 40 min, 4 × 12 lower limb repetitions, 60% 1-RM); or a session of CE (n = 11, 20-min RE + 20-min AE). FMD was assessed 10 min before and 10, 40 and 70 min post-intervention. Blood samples were collected at the same time points (except 40 min). FMD were similar in all groups and from baseline (within each group) after a single exercise bout (AE, RE or CE). At 70 min, RE group showed higher levels of PCs compared to the AE (81%) and CE group (60%). PC levels were reduced from baseline in all groups (AE: 32%, p = 0.037; RE: 15%, p = 0.003; CE: 17%, p = 0.048). The levels of EPCs, EMVs and oxidative stress were unchanged. There were no acute effects of moderate-intensity exercise on FMD, EPCs, EMVs and oxidative stress, but PCs decreased regardless of the exercise modality. Individuals with controlled hypertension do not seem to have impaired vascular function in response to a single exercise bout.

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