Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease Endpoints: Outcomes from a case study workshop for omega 3’s EPA and DHA

Given the focus on developing Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) based on chronic disease risk reduction and recent research for omega-3 long chain PUFA since the last DRI review, the Canadian Nutrition Society convened a panel of stakeholders for a one-day workshop in late 2019. Attendees discussed the new NASEM guidelines for establishing DRI values based on chronic disease risk endpoints and the strength of current evidence for EPA and DHA as it relates to the new guidelines. Novelty: Summarizes evidence and expert opinions regarding the potential for reviewing DRI values for EPA and DHA and cardiovascular disease risk and early development.

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Personalized Nutrition Recommendations Improve Plasma Metabolite Concentrations Related to Dietary Intake

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa058_032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1274-1274

Author(s):

Theresa Schroder ◽

Windy Wang ◽

Kelsey Cochrane ◽

Thara Vayali ◽

Andrew Cottle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Personalized Nutrition ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Chronic Disease Risk ◽

Metabolite Concentrations ◽

Plasma Metabolite

Abstract Objectives The objectives of our proof-of-concept study was to assess the efficacy of personalized nutrition interventions on diet and chronic disease risk. Methods Fasting plasma samples were collected at day 1 and day 100 of a cohort of 148 adults (aged 23–65y) volunteers with a median (range) BMI of 25.8 (17.2–48.3). At both time points 119 metabolites were quantitated using LC-MS/MS. Based on their metabolite concentrations and dietary preferences, each participant received their own personalized nutrition recommendations through an AI-assisted online platform and were advised to follow the recommendations for 100 days. Plasma metabolite concentrations from Day 1 and Day 100 were compared using a paired t-test with Holm-Bonferroni correction (P < 0.05). Results After 100 days, statistically significant changes in acylcarnitine, phosphatidylcholine and amino acid concentrations indicated participants had increased their intakes of omega-3 fats and whole grains and decreased their intakes of saturated fat. For example, Betaine, a biomarker of whole grain intake, increased significantly in concentration from Day 1 to Day 100 [mean (SD): 34.3 (13.2) to 45.3 (15.6) umol/l]. Overall, 55 of the analyzed 119 metabolites’ (46%) concentrations had previously been linked to dietary intake according to a systematic literature search that was used to generate evidence-based personalized nutrition recommendations. Concentrations of 33 (60%) of these 55 metabolites changed significantly. The majority [26 (79%)] of the metabolite concentrations changed in a predicted manner consistent with the literature, particularly those metabolites associated to chronic disease risk. For example, a significant decrease in asymmetric dimethylarginine concentration [mean (SD): 0.54 (0.15) to 0.48 (0.12) umol/L] which is understood to result in a decreased cardiovascular disease risk. Conclusions Adherence with an evidence-based personalized nutrition plan based on a panel of serum metabolomic data can significantly modify serum metabolite concentrations in a direction that can reduce the risk of chronic disease. Further analysis in how these changes relate to chronic disease risk is warranted. Funding Sources This study was supported by Mitacs and Molecular You.

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Sedentarism and chronic disease risk in COVID 19 lockdown – a scoping review

Scottish Medical Journal ◽

10.1177/0036933020946336 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 003693302094633

Author(s):

Baskaran Chandrasekaran ◽

Thiru Balaji Ganesan

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Chronic Disease Risk ◽

Critical Measure ◽

Obesity Hypertension

Background & Aims Though viewed as a critical measure to prevent the spread of the virus, a prolonged homestay may result in unfavourable sedentary behaviour and chronic disease risk. This systematic review focuses on sedentary behaviour resulting from this quarantine period which may elevate the cardiovascular disease risk, obesity, hypertension, cancer and mental health illness. Methods Evidence of breaking sedentary behaviour and global recommendations were investigated. Potential unanswered questions regarding sedentary behaviour and physical activity during lockdown were explored. Results Five systematic reviews and six prospective trials explored the effect of sedentarism affecting chronic disease through potential pathophysiological mechanisms. Sedentary behaviour especially prolonged sitting is found to be a pleiotropic risk factor with altered energy expenditure, adipogenic signalling, immunomodulation, autonomic stability and hormonal dysregulation perpetuating underlying chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer and mental health disorders. Conclusion Breaking sitting and physical activity are found to reverse the adverse effects associated with excessive sitting during the lockdown.

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Summation of blood glucose and TAG to characterise the ‘metabolic load index’

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516003585 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 116 (9) ◽

pp. 1553-1563 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sam R. Emerson ◽

Mark D. Haub ◽

Colby S. Teeman ◽

Stephanie P. Kurti ◽

Sara K. Rosenkranz

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Current Evidence ◽

High Fat ◽

Peripheral Cell ◽

Chronic Disease Risk ◽

Metabolic Load ◽

Postprandial Glycaemia ◽

Potential Benefits

AbstractResearch points to postprandial glucose and TAG measures as preferable assessments of cardiovascular risk as compared with fasting values. Although elevated postprandial glycaemic and lipaemic responses are thought to substantially increase chronic disease risk, postprandial glycaemia and lipaemia have historically only been considered separately. However, carbohydrates and fats can generally ‘compete’ for clearance from the stomach, small intestine, bloodstream and within the peripheral cell. Further, there are previous data demonstrating that the addition of carbohydrate to a high-fat meal blunts the postprandial lipaemic response, and the addition of fat to a high-carbohydrate meal blunts the postprandial glycaemic response. Thus, postprandial glycaemia and lipaemia are interrelated. The purpose of this brief review is 2-fold: first, to review the current evidence implicating postprandial glycaemia and lipaemia in chronic disease risk, and, second, to examine the possible utility of a single postprandial glycaemic and lipaemic summative value, which will be referred to as the metabolic load index. The potential benefits of the metabolic load index extend to the clinician, patient and researcher.

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