Diet and physical activity in Greenland: Genetic interactions and associations with obesity and diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninna Karsbæk Senftleber ◽  
Maria Overvad ◽  
Inger Katrine Dahl-Petersen ◽  
Peter Bjerregaard ◽  
Marit Eika Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Imported Foods

The Inuit in Greenland have gone through dramatic lifestyle changes during the last half century. More time is spent being sedentary and imported foods replaces traditional foods like seal and whale. The population has also experienced a rapid growth in obesity and metabolic disturbances and diabetes is today common despite being almost unknown few decades ago. In this paper, we describe and discuss the role of lifestyle changes and genetics for Inuit metabolic health. Novelty: • Cardiometabolic disease risk has increased in Greenland. Lifestyle changes and possibly gene-lifestyle interactions play a role.

scholarly journals Adiposity in Depression or Depression in Adiposity? The Role of Immune-Inflammatory-Microbial Overlap

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliwia Gawlik-Kotelnicka ◽  
Dominik Strzelecki
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Immune Alterations ◽  
Antidepressant Use

Some of the most common and debilitating conditions are metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and depression. These conditions are also exacerbated by the fact that they often co-occur. Although the exact mechanisms underlying such relationships are poorly known, antipsychotic medication and antidepressant use, diet and physical activity, and lifestyle factors are believed to play a role; however, their high co-occurrence rate suggests a possible pathophysiological overlap. This paper reviews several possible bases for this overlap, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, immune alterations with chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. While it is entirely possible that changes in the microbiota may play a role in each of them, interventions based on the implementation of dietary and other lifestyle changes, supplementation with prebiotics or probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation have failed to achieve conclusive results. A better characterization of the above associations may allow a more targeted approach to the treatment of both depressive and metabolic disorders. The paper also presents several practical applications for future studies.

scholarly journals Lifestyle changes in arterial hypertension - an important objective of cardiovascular rehabilitation. The role of physical exercise

2020 ◽  
pp. 460-462
Author(s):  
Dana POP ◽  
Alexandra DĂDÂRLAT-POP ◽  
Gabriel CISMARU ◽  
Dumitru ZDRENGHEA ◽  
Bogdan CALOIAN
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
Risk Class ◽  
Cardiovascular Rehabilitation ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Important Objective

Cardiovascular rehabilitation includes lifestyle changing measures, secondary drug prevention and physical training programs. Identifying and addressing cardiovascular risk factors, among which arterial hypertension, is an important objective of cardiovascular rehabilitation. Patients with arterial hypertension should be initially assigned to a cardiovascular risk class. Alongside drug therapy, a healthy diet and physical activity play an important role in the control of blood pressure values Keywords: arterial hypertension, physical exercise,

scholarly journals 1055 Cardiometabolic Disease Risk And Sleep Difficulty: Associations With Diet, Physician Support, Proactive Health Behaviors, And Family Risk Knowledge

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A400-A401
Author(s):  
A Gilles ◽  
G Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Sleep Difficulty ◽  
Familial Disease ◽  
Physician Support ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

Abstract Introduction Research relating sleep impairment and cardiometabolic disease supports exercise and diet in improving both conditions. The role of self- and other-informed knowledge on self-care behaviors is unknown. This study investigated how proactive health behaviors, physician support, and familial disease awareness are related in this comorbid population. Methods National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2015-2016 was used. For this study, U.S. adults (N=9,971;49.3% female) with dietary, sleep, cardiometabolic disease risk, proactive health behavior, physician-informed, and familial knowledge of cardiometabolic disease data were selected. Self-reported sleep difficulty was defined as ever telling a doctor/health professional of trouble sleeping. Kendall’s tau-b correlations and multinomial regression were performed. Covariates included race, gender, weight control, dietary efforts, and exercise. Results Statistically significant associations between comorbid cardiometabolic disease/sleep difficulty (CMD/SD) and efforts to control/lose weight(X2(6)=63.956,p>0.0001), reduce dietary salt(X2(6)=69.702,p>0.0001), and reduce dietary fat(X2(6)=70.666,p>0.0001) were found. Despite having comorbid CMD/SD, most participants (51%) reported no history of receiving physician-informed health improvement methods. However, statistically significant associations between comorbid CMD/SD and physician-informed methods and weight loss efforts(X2(4)=76.873,p>0.0001), increased exercise(X2(4)=72.713,p>0.0001), reduced dietary salt(X2(4)=96.892,p>0.0001), and reduced dietary fat(X2(4)=104.231,p>0.0001) were found. Statistically significant associations between comorbid CMD/SD and knowledge of close relative with heart attack(X2(9)=23.905,p=0.004) or diabetes(X2(9)=129.705,p>0.0001) were found. Participants with comorbid CMD/SD were more likely to reduce dietary fat(X2(1)=4.575,p< 0.032) than participants with comorbid sleep difficulty/cardiovascular disease or comorbid sleep difficulty/metabolic disease. Although no association between age of cardiometabolic diagnosis onset and proactive health behaviors was found, the regression model showed that male gender(p=0.008) and reducing dietary fat was predictive of comorbid CMD/SD(p=0.032). Conclusion Participants with comorbid CMD/SD directed proactive health efforts towards eating behavior (less food/decreasing salt and fat). With physician-informed support, participants additionally increased exercise level. Further exploring the role of familial disease knowledge, gender-specific support, and innovative efforts by health professionals in treating/preventing comorbid CMD/SD is warranted. Support None

Bisphenol F exposure in adolescent heterogeneous stock (HS) rats affects growth and adiposity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie A Wagner ◽  
Karen C Clark ◽  
Leslie Carrillo-Sáenz ◽  
Katie A Holl ◽  
Miriam Velez-Bermudez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Disease Risk Factor ◽  
Heterogeneous Stock ◽  
Bisphenol F ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme

Abstract Bisphenol F (BPF) is increasingly substituting bisphenol A (BPA) in manufacturing polycarbonates and consumer products. The cardiometabolic effects of BPF in either humans or model organisms are not clear, and no studies to date have investigated the role of genetic background on susceptibility to BPF-induced cardiometabolic traits. The primary goal of this project was to determine if BPF exposure influences growth and adiposity in male N: NIH Heterogeneous Stock (HS) rats, a genetically heterogeneous population. Littermate pairs of male HS rats were randomly exposed to either vehicle (0.1% Ethanol) or 1.125 µg/ml BPF in 0.1% Ethanol for five weeks in drinking water starting at three weeks-of-age. Water consumption and body weight was measured weekly, body composition was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), urine and feces were collected in metabolic cages, and blood and tissues were collected at the end of the study. BPF-exposed rats showed significantly increased body growth and abdominal adiposity, risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. Urine output was increased in BPF-exposed rats, driving a trend in increased creatinine clearance. We also report the first relationship between a bisphenol metabolizing enzyme and a bisphenol-induced phenotype. Preliminary heritability estimates of significant phenotypes suggest that BPF exposure may alter trait variation. These findings support BPF exposure as a cardiometabolic disease risk factor and indicate that the HS rat will be a useful model for dissecting gene by BPF interactions on metabolic health.

The role of vitamin D in metabolic and reproductive disturbances of polycystic ovary syndrome: A narrative mini-review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniela Menichini ◽  
Gianpiero Forte ◽  
Beatrice Orrù ◽  
Giuseppe Gullo ◽  
Vittorio Unfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Beneficial Role

Abstract. Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that plays a pivotal role in several metabolic and reproductive pathways in humans. Increasing evidence supports the role of vitamin D deficiency in metabolic disturbances and infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Indeed, supplementation with vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on insulin resistance and endometrial receptivity. On the other hand, exceedingly high levels of vitamin D appear to play a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. In the current review, we summarize the available evidence about the topic, aiming to suggest the best supplementation strategy in women with PCOS or, more generally, in those with metabolic disturbances and infertility. Based on the retrieved data, vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on IR, insulin sensitivity and endometrial receptivity, but high levels and incorrect timing of administration seem to have a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. Therefore, we encourage a low dose supplementation (400–800 IU/day) particularly in vitamin D deficient women that present metabolic disturbances like PCOS. As far as the reproductive health, we advise vitamin D supplementation in selected populations, only during specific moments of the ovarian cycle, to support the luteal phase. However, ambiguities about dosage and timing of the supplementation still emerge from the clinical studies published to date and further studies are required.

Non-pharmacological Strategies Against Systemic Inflammation: Molecular Basis and Clinical Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 2620-2629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Del Pinto ◽  
Davide Pietropaoli ◽  
Annalisa Monaco ◽  
Giovambattista Desideri ◽  
Claudio Ferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Systemic Impact ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Systemic inflammation is a common denominator to a variety of cardiovascular (CV) and non-CV diseases and relative risk factors, including hypertension and its control, metabolic diseases, rheumatic disorders, and those affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Besides medications, a non-pharmacological approach encompassing lifestyle changes and other complementary measures is mentioned in several updated guidelines on the management of these conditions. We performed an updated narrative review on the mechanisms behind the systemic impact of inflammation and the role of non-pharmacological, complementary measures centered on lowering systemic phlogosis for preserving or restoring a good global health. The central role of genetics in shaping the immune response is discussed in conjunction with that of the microbiome, highlighting the interdependence and mutual influences between the human genome and microbial integrity, diversity, and functions. Several plausible strategies to modulate inflammation and restore balanced crosstalk between the human genome and the microbiome are then recapitulated, including dietary measures, active lifestyle, and other potential approaches to manipulate the resident microbial community. To date, evidence from high-quality human studies is sparse to allow the unconditioned inclusion of understudied, though plausible solutions against inflammation into public health strategies for global wellness. This gap claims further focused, well-designed research targeted at unravelling the mechanisms behind future personalized medicine.

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