Cell wall polysaccharides F1SS disclose the relatedness of the genus Geosmithia with Eupenicillium and Talaromyces

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Prieto ◽  
Oussama Ahrazem ◽  
Begoña Gómez-Miranda ◽  
Manuel Bernabé ◽  
J Antonio Leal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Soluble Cell ◽  
Talaromyces Flavus ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Markers

Cell wall polysaccharides have been used as chemotaxonomic markers in a number of fungal genera. In this study, alkali-extractable and water-soluble cell wall polysaccharides F1SS were purified from cell walls of species of the genus Geosmithia. Chemical and 1H-NMR analyses of these polysaccharides revealed three different structures: (i) the polysaccharide from Geosmithia namylowskii was composed of β-(1[Formula: see text]5)-galactofuranose chains attached to an α-(1[Formula: see text]2)-(1[Formula: see text]6)-mannan core identical to that isolated in several species of Eupenicillium, (ii) the polysaccharide from Geosmithia viridis was a glucomannogalactan similar to that obtained in Talaromyces flavus, and (iii) the polysaccharide from Geosmithia putterillii contained β-(1[Formula: see text]5)-(1[Formula: see text]6)-galactofuranose with some units of the β-(1[Formula: see text]5) residues substituted at position O-6 by single residues of galactofuranose; this galactan was attached to an α-(1[Formula: see text]2)-(1[Formula: see text]6)-mannan core. The taxonomy of the genus is discussed according to the polysaccharides F1SS, and our results are compared with the results of rDNA analyses in this genus.Key words: Eurotiales, Geosmithia, Eupenicillium, Talaromyces, cell wall polysaccharides, chemotaxonomy.

scholarly journals Structural Properties and Macrophage Activation of Cell Wall Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of Hericium erinaceus

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Di Wu ◽  
Shan Yang ◽  
Chuan Tang ◽  
Yanfang Liu ◽  
Qiaozhen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Hericium Erinaceus ◽  
Soluble Cell

In this study, water-soluble and alkali-soluble cell wall polysaccharides were obtained from fruiting body extracted residual micropowders of Hericium erinaceus, harvested at seven different growing stages. The structural properties and in vitro immunity activities of cell wall polysaccharides extracted successively by hot water and sodium hydroxide solution were studied, and the results indicated that the yield and content of polysaccharides increased during the reproductive growth stage and decreased with the maturity of the fruiting body. Water-soluble cell wall polysaccharides mainly composed of glucose and galactose at a molar ratio of 3.4–14:1.0, and also contained a small ratio of glucuronic acid. The alkali-soluble cell wall polysaccharides were glucans with lower molecular weight and higher macrophage activation activity in vitro than water-soluble ones. Our findings suggest that the growth stages (H4 and H5) are suitable for harvesting H. erinaceus fruiting bodies with higher cell wall polysaccharide yield and functional benefits.

Structural characterization of a cell wall polysaccharide from Penicillium vermoesenii: chemotaxonomic application

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 961-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oussama Ahrazem ◽  
Begoña Gómez-Miranda ◽  
Alicia Prieto ◽  
Isabel Barasoaín ◽  
Manuel Bernabé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Short Side ◽  
H Nmr

The water-soluble polysaccharides (F1SS) obtained from the alkali extracts of the cell wall of two strains of Penicillium vermoesenii Biourge, Fusarium javanicum Koorders, Fusarium solani (Martius) Saccardo, and Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtendahl represented 8.7 to 10.7% of the dry cell wall material. All polysaccharides were composed of galactose (22.0-27.4%), glucose (18.4-30.3%), mannose (7.8-23.1%), and glucuronic acid (3.0-6.0%, except in F. oxysporum that contained 16.8%). Methylation analysis and 1H-NMR spectra of the polysaccharides of these fungi were similar except for F. oxysporum, which showed a higher peak of glucuronic acid than of glucose. The chemical and structural analyses performed indicated that F1SS polysaccharides of the species studied have a skeleton of beta-(1–>6) galactofuranose, fully substituted at positions O-2 by a single residue of glucopyranose or by short side chains containing one glucuronic acid residue and beta-mannopyranose. This polysaccharide is linked to a mannose core consisting of a short chain of alpha-(1–>6)-linked D-mannopyranose. Immunological methods confirm the structural relatedness among these polysaccharides. No similarities were found with the 1H-NMR spectra of F1SS polysaccharides from other species of Penicillium or Gliocladium. These results show that P. vermoesenii is closer to the genus Fusarium than to Penicillium or Gliocladium.Key words: Penicillium vermoesenii, cell wall polysaccharides, chemotaxonomy, NMR, polyclonal antibodies.

scholarly journals Plant Cell Wall Hydration and Plant Physiology: An Exploration of the Consequences of Direct Effects of Water Deficit on the Plant Cell Wall

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
David Stuart Thompson ◽  
Azharul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Degree Of Hydration ◽  
Cellulose Composites

The extensibility of synthetic polymers is routinely modulated by the addition of lower molecular weight spacing molecules known as plasticizers, and there is some evidence that water may have similar effects on plant cell walls. Furthermore, it appears that changes in wall hydration could affect wall behavior to a degree that seems likely to have physiological consequences at water potentials that many plants would experience under field conditions. Osmotica large enough to be excluded from plant cell walls and bacterial cellulose composites with other cell wall polysaccharides were used to alter their water content and to demonstrate that the relationship between water potential and degree of hydration of these materials is affected by their composition. Additionally, it was found that expansins facilitate rehydration of bacterial cellulose and cellulose composites and cause swelling of plant cell wall fragments in suspension and that these responses are also affected by polysaccharide composition. Given these observations, it seems probable that plant environmental responses include measures to regulate cell wall water content or mitigate the consequences of changes in wall hydration and that it may be possible to exploit such mechanisms to improve crop resilience.

scholarly journals Coccidioides immitis Vaccine: Potential of an Alkali-Soluble, Water-Soluble Cell Wall Antigen

1983 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 473-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Lecara ◽  
Rebecca A. Cox ◽  
Russell B. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Soluble Cell ◽  
Vaccine Potential

An acidic water-soluble cell wall polysaccharide: a chemotaxonomic marker for Fusarium and Gibberella

2000 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ahrazem ◽  
B. Gómez-Miranda ◽  
A. Prieto ◽  
I. Barasoaín ◽  
M. Bernabé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Acidic Water ◽  
Soluble Cell ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Marker

scholarly journals Characterization of two cell-wall polysaccharides from Fusicoccum amygdali

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Obaidah ◽  
K. W. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Polysaccharide Fraction ◽  
Linear Chains ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

1. The nature of two polysaccharides (s020 values 6S and 2S respectively in 1m-sodium hydroxide), comprising a fragment (fraction BB, [α]D +236° in 1m-sodium hydroxide), previously isolated from cell walls of Fusicoccum amygdali, has been investigated. 2. Both the major (2S) and minor (6S) components were affected by incubation with α-amylase. The 6S polysaccharide was also attacked by exo-β-(1→3)-glucanase, which is evidence that it contained both α-(1→4)- and β-(1→3)-glucopyranose linkages. By fractionation of the products of α-amylase-treated fraction BB it was possible to obtain a water-insoluble polysaccharide, fraction P ([α]D +290° in 1m-sodium hydroxide, 67% of fraction BB) and a water-soluble polysaccharide, fraction Q ([α]D +16° in 1m-sodium hydroxide, 11% of fraction BB), both of which sedimented as single boundaries with s020 values (in 1m-sodium hydroxide) of 1.7S and 4.6S respectively. 3. Evidence from periodate oxidation, methylation analysis, i.r. spectroscopy and partial acid hydrolysis showed that fraction P consisted of linear chains of α-(1→3)-glucopyranose units with blocks of one or two α-(1→4)-glucopyranose units interspersed at intervals along the main chain. The 2S polysaccharide, from which fraction P is derived, evidently also contains longer blocks of α-(1→4)-glucopyranose units, that are susceptible to α-amylase action. 4. Fraction Q consisted of glucose (88%) with small amounts of galactose, mannose and rhamnose. Evidence from digestion with exo- and endo-β-(1→3)-glucanases, periodate oxidation and methylation analysis suggests that fraction Q consists of a branched galactomannorhamnan core, to which is attached a β-(1→3)-, β-(1→6)-glucan. In the cell wall, chains of α-(1→4)-linked glucopyranose units are linked to fraction Q to form the 6S component of fraction BB.

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