Early results from field trials using Hypholoma fasciculare to reduce Armillaria ostoyae root disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 962-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Chapman ◽  
Guoping Xiao ◽  
Sheldan Myers
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae ◽  
South Central ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hypholoma Fasciculare

Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink. causes serious damage to forest tree species worldwide. In this study, Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds. ex Fr.) Kummer was inoculated, after logging, into areas in south-central British Columbia that had been identified as having high levels of A. ostoyae. Hypholoma fasciculare was successfully established in a variety of different types of trials, as indicated by growth of H. fasciculare mycelium into roots of inoculated stumps and the presence of fruiting bodies on and around stumps. Three to five years after treatment, inoculated plots had biologically and statistically significantly lower levels of mortality attributable to A. ostoyae.Key words: Hypholoma fasciculare, Armillaria, biocontrol, woody debris.

Inoculation of stumps with Hypholoma fasciculare as a possible means to control armillaria root disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Chapman ◽  
G Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Woody Debris ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease ◽  
Hypholoma Fasciculare

Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds. ex Fr.) Kummer was paired with Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink in a variety of ways in the laboratory and then it was inoculated onto A. ostoyae infected stumps in the field. The ability of H. fasciuclare colonies to overrun A. ostoyae colonies in culture was confirmed. Hypholoma fasciculare fully colonized discs of tree roots where A. ostoyae was well established, and prevented A. ostoyae from occupying root segments when both fungi were introduced simultaneously. A simple method for inoculating H. fasciculare into stumps is described, and data supporting successful field inoculations are presented. The ability of H. fasciculare to invade freshly killed stumps, even those occupied by Armillaria, is demonstrated, and it is speculated that the ability of this saprophyte to invade fresh stumps is dependent upon its inoculum potential.Key words: biocontrol, woody debris, fungal warfare, Armillaria ostoyae.

scholarly journals Reinvigoration/Rejuvenation Induced through Micrografting of Tree Species: Signaling through Graft Union

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197
Author(s):  
Isabel Vidoy-Mercado ◽  
Isabel Narváez ◽  
Elena Palomo-Ríos ◽  
Richard E. Litz ◽  
Araceli Barceló-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
In Vitro Proliferation ◽  
Mature Phase ◽  
Different Types

Trees have a distinctive and generally long juvenile period during which vegetative growth rate is rapid and floral organs do not differentiate. Among trees, the juvenile period can range from 1 year to 15–20 years, although with some forest tree species, it can be longer. Vegetative propagation of trees is usually much easier during the juvenile phase than with mature phase materials. Therefore, reversal of maturity is often necessary in order to obtain materials in which rooting ability has been restored. Micrografting has been developed for trees to address reinvigoration/rejuvenation of elite selections to facilitate vegetative propagation. Generally, shoots obtained after serial grafting have increased rooting competence and develop juvenile traits; in some cases, graft-derived shoots show enhanced in vitro proliferation. Recent advances in graft signaling have shown that several factors, e.g., plant hormones, proteins, and different types of RNA, could be responsible for changes in the scion. The focus of this review includes (1) a discussion of the differences between the juvenile and mature growth phases in trees, (2) successful restoration of juvenile traits through micrografting, and (3) the nature of the different signals passing through the graft union.

A case of gender equality: absence of sex-related costs in a dioecious tropical forest tree species

Plant Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Forni Martins ◽  
Rafaela Letícia Brito Bispo ◽  
Priscilla de Paula Loiola
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Forest Tree Species

scholarly journals Fire suppression and seed dispersal play critical roles in the establishment of tropical forest tree species in southeastern Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Forest Tree Species ◽  
Seed Deposition ◽  
Syzygium Guineense

AbstractThis study examined the mechanisms of facilitation and importance of seed dispersal during establishment of forest tree species in an Afrotropical woodland. Seedling survival of Syzygium guineense ssp. afromontanum was monitored for 2.5 years at four different microsites in savannah woodland in Malawi (southeastern Africa) under Ficus natalensis (a potential nurse plant), Brachystegia floribunda (a woodland tree), Uapaca kirkiana (a woodland tree), and at a treeless site. The number of naturally established forest tree seedlings in the woodland was also counted. Additionally, S. guineense ssp. afromontanum seed deposition was monitored at the four microsites. Insect damage (9% of the total cause of mortality) and trampling by ungulates (1%) had limited impact on seedling survival in this area. Fire (43%) was found to be the most important cause of seedling mortality and fire induced mortality was especially high under U. kirkiana (74%) and at treeless site (51%). The rate was comparatively low under F. natalensis (4%) and B. floribunda (23%), where fire is thought to be inhibited due to the lack of light-demanding C4 grasses. Consequently, seedling survival under F. natalensis and B. floribunda was higher compared with the other two microsites. The seedling survival rate was similar under F. natalensis (57%) and B. floribunda (59%). However, only a few S. guineense ssp. afromontanum seedlings naturally established under B. floribunda (25/285) whereas many seedlings established under F. natalensis (146/285). These findings indicate that the facilitative mechanism of fire suppression is not the only factor affecting establishment. The seed deposition investigation revealed that most of the seeds (85%) were deposited under F. natalensis. As such, these findings suggest that in addition to fire suppression, dispersal limitations also play a role in forest-savannah dynamics in this region, especially at the community level.

Effect of three different types of biochars on eco-physiological response of important agroforestry tree species under salt stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Muhammad Talha Bin Yousaf ◽  
Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Zia ur Rehman ◽  
Sadaf Gul ◽  
Ghulam Yasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Different Types

Evaluating the effects of forest tree species on rill detachment capacity in a semi-arid environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 106158
Author(s):  
Misagh Parhizkar ◽  
Mahmood Shabanpour ◽  
Isabel Miralles ◽  
Artemio Cerdà ◽  
Nobuaki Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Forest Tree Species ◽  
Semi Arid

Partial cutting reduces species richness of fungi on woody debris in oak-rich forests

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1807-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Nordén ◽  
Frank Götmark ◽  
Martin Ryberg ◽  
Heidi Paltto ◽  
Johan Allmér
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Total Species

Partial cutting is increasingly applied in European temperate oak-dominated forests for biofuel harvesting, and to counteract succession in protected stands. Effects on biodiversity of these measures need to be carefully evaluated, and species-rich but neglected taxa such as fungi should be considered. We studied the effects of partial cutting on fungal fruiting bodies on woody debris. In 21 closed canopy forests rich in large oaks in Sweden, on average 25%–30% of the basal area was cut. Fruiting bodies were counted and some were collected in treated and control plots before and after treatment. We found 334 basidiomycete and 47 ascomycete species. Species richness of basidiomycetes declined significantly more in treated plots (on average 26%) than in control plots (on average 13%) between seasons. Species richness of ascomycetes increased by 17% in control plots and decreased by 2% in treated plots. Total species richness was significantly reduced on fine woody debris (1–10 cm in diameter), but not on coarse woody debris (>10 cm). Overall species composition did not change significantly as a result of partial cutting, but red-listed species tended to decrease more in treated plots. We suggest that approximately 30% of the stands should not be thinned, and dead stems and fallen branches should not be removed, to favor saproxylic fungi and their associated fauna.

The significance of xanthophylls and tocopherols in photo-oxidative stress and photoprotection of three Canarian laurel forest tree species on a high radiation day

2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (12) ◽  
pp. 1547-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agueda María González-Rodríguez ◽  
Michael Tausz ◽  
Astrid Wonisch ◽  
María Soledad Jiménez ◽  
Dieter Grill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Laurel Forest ◽  
Forest Tree Species
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