Phylogenetic relationships and character evolution in Govenia (Orchidaceae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1329-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Garcia-Cruz ◽  
Victoria Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Character Evolution ◽  
Pollination Syndrome ◽  
Floral Characters ◽  
Inflorescence Length

Govenia Lindl. (Orchidaceae) is a neotropical terrestrial deciduous genus of approximately 28 species of the higher Epidendroids. To determine if Govenia is monophyletic and what are the relationships among its species, a phylogenetic analysis based on a detailed morphological study was conducted. Furthermore, the evolution of eight vegetative and floral characters is explored and explained in relation to pollination syndrome. Three most parsimonious trees were retrieved from heuristic searches. Govenia is corroborated as monophyletic with six recognized groups: three monotypic groups (G. ciliilabia, G. powellii, and G. boliviensis) and three major clades (Purpusii, Capitata, and Superba groups). The Purpusii group is characterized by a well-developed rhizome, a solitary leaf, and 3–12 white flowers. The Capitata group is characterized by the lack of a rhizome, two leaves, and 10–30 white flowers. The Superba group is characterized by the lack of a rhizome, two leaves, and numerous yellow flowers. Two trends were identified in Govenia. The first trend is represented by plants with a rhizome and reduced leaf and flower numbers that occur in taxa from the Purpusii group. The second trend has been to increase inflorescence length and the number of flowers, to change flower colour from white to yellow with an ascending position of the column, and is represented in taxa from the Superba group. The evolution of floral characters leads to the hypothesis that there was a shift in pollinator from small bumblebees to larger bumblebees.

Opuntia tehuacana and O. olmeca (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae) are to be considered as ascribed to a single species: morphological and molecular evidences

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 479 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-172
Author(s):  
CÉSAR RAMIRO MARTÍNEZ-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
JOSÉ DE JESÚS MORALES-SANDOVAL ◽  
CÉSAR ADRIÁN GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
JAIME JIMÉNEZ-RAMÍREZ ◽  
CLEMENTE GALLEGOS-VÁZQUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies

Opuntia tehuacana and Opuntia olmeca are morphological similarity and have been considered during the time as the same species. However, neither a detailed morphological study nor a phylogenetic assessment has been made to confirm this statement. In fact, although several phylogenetic studies of the genus Opuntia have been carried out, both species have not been sampled to know their phylogenetic relationships. The present study is based on a morphological comparison of the two taxa, based on both live and herborized individuals. A total of eighteen sequences were generated, six ITS, six matK, and six trnL-F. and a phylogenetic analysis was performed based on Bayesian inference. The results obatined provides evidences that support O. olmeca and O. tehuacana as the same species.

The continuing challenge of phylogenetic relationships in Terebelliformia (Annelida : Polychaeta)

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Miguel de Matos Nogueira ◽  
Kirk Fitzhugh ◽  
Pat Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Character Evolution ◽  
Type Material ◽  
New Family ◽  
Revised Definitions

A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Terebellidae and related families was undertaken. Type material of all genera of Terebellinae was examined, together with representatives of nearly all genera of remaining Terebellidae subfamilies, and representatives of the families that have been traditionally regarded as being closely related, comprising the Terebelliformia. In total, 85 species were coded using 118 subjects (‘characters’) and 286 subject–predicate relations (‘states’). The results indicate: (1) the paraphyly of Terebellidae by the placements of Trichobranchidae, Ampharetidae, Alvinellidae and Pectinariidae within that clade; (2) the occurrences of Thelepodinae as separate clades, consistent with groups ‘A’ and ‘B’ recognised by Nogueira et al. (2010a); and (3) the monophyly of Polycirrinae and Terebellinae. The previously considered subfamilies of Terebellidae are raised to familial level and a new family is described. Revised definitions are provided for: Terebelliformia, Polycirridae, stat. nov., Telothelepodidae, fam. nov., Terebellidae emend., and Thelepodidae, stat. nov., along with a discussion of character evolution in the Terebellidae.

scholarly journals Insights on a rare species, 'Geum atlanticum', new data to differentiate from 'Geum sylvaticum'

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e68011
Author(s):  
Pedro Sánchez-Gómez ◽  
Jose Luis Cánovas ◽  
Juan F. Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Threatened Plants ◽  
Morphological Differences

Geum atlanticum is a species described from North Africa and later found in Southern Iberian Peninsula. However, according to Flora iberica taxonomic treatment, it has been considered synonymous with G. sylvaticum, a species mainly distributed by Southeast of France, Iberian Peninsula, and North of Africa, sharing part of the distribution range and habitat. In this work, herbarium specimens of both G. atlanticum and G. sylvaticum were revised to evaluate morphological differences. Furthermore, the nuclear ribosomal ITS spacer was sequenced to study phylogenetic relationships among G. atlanticum and Iberian Geum species. The morphological study indicated clear differences with G. sylvaticum, and the phylogenetic analysis suggests that G. atlanticum was sister to G. sylvaticum. However, it shared several mutations with other Iberian Geum species. The number of populations is relatively low in the Iberian Peninsula, so its conservation status and its further inclusion in lists of threatened plants have been evaluated in this work.

scholarly journals Mitogenome and phylogenetic analysis of typhlocybine leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Jiang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Chen ◽  
Can Li ◽  
Yuehua Song
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Tree Topologies ◽  
Complete Mitogenome

AbstractMitogenomes have been widely used to estimate phylogenetic relationships among insects and provide data useful for augmenting traditional morphological characters in delimiting species. Here, complete mitogenome sequences of two closely related typhlocybine leafhoppers, Cassianeuracassiae (Ahmed, 1970) and C. bimaculata Dworakowska, 1984, were obtained and found to be 15,423 bp and 14,597 bp in length, respectively. The gene order was found to be similar to other published leafhopper mitogenomes, but the control region of C.bimaculata is the shortest among known leafhoppers and lacks tandem repeats. Phylogenetic analysis of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), the first and second codons of 13 PCGs, 13 PCGs and two rRNAs formed three well-supported tree topologies. The topologies of phylogenetic trees inferred from three datasets were almost identical, which was consistent with previous molecular phylogenies of this group. Comparative morphological study of the ovipositors revealed several characters potentially useful for diagnosing genera and resolving their phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic analysis of these and other morphological characters yielded a tree that is mostly consistent with the tree obtained from analysis of mitogenome sequences. In both molecular and morphological phylogenenies, Typhlocybini and Zyginellini clustered into one clade, but neither was recovered as monophyletic.

Resolved phylogenetic relationships in the Ocotea complex ( Supraocotea ) facilitate phylogenetic classification and studies of character evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-679
Author(s):  
Juan C. Penagos Zuluaga ◽  
Henk Werff ◽  
Brian Park ◽  
Deren A. R. Eaton ◽  
Liza S. Comita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Character Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification

scholarly journals Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Mileewinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and a Phylogenetic Analysis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Tinghao Yu ◽  
Yalin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Gene Arrangement ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Protein Coding

More studies are using mitochondrial genomes of insects to explore the sequence variability, evolutionary traits, monophyly of groups and phylogenetic relationships. Controversies remain on the classification of the Mileewinae and the phylogenetic relationships between Mileewinae and other subfamilies remain ambiguous. In this study, we present two newly completed mitogenomes of Mileewinae (Mileewa rufivena Cai and Kuoh 1997 and Ujna puerana Yang and Meng 2010) and conduct comparative mitogenomic analyses based on several different factors. These species have quite similar features, including their nucleotide content, codon usage of protein genes and the secondary structure of tRNA. Gene arrangement is identical and conserved, the same as the putative ancestral pattern of insects. All protein-coding genes of U. puerana began with the start codon ATN, while 5 Mileewa species had the abnormal initiation codon TTG in ND5 and ATP8. Moreover, M. rufivena had an intergenic spacer of 17 bp that could not be found in other mileewine species. Phylogenetic analysis based on three datasets (PCG123, PCG12 and AA) with two methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) recovered the Mileewinae as a monophyletic group with strong support values. All results in our study indicate that Mileewinae has a closer phylogenetic relationship to Typhlocybinae compared to Cicadellinae. Additionally, six species within Mileewini revealed the relationship (U. puerana + (M. ponta + (M. rufivena + M. alara) + (M. albovittata + M. margheritae))) in most of our phylogenetic trees. These results contribute to the study of the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of Mileewinae.

Phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Hylodinae (Anura, Leptodactylidae) based on morphological characters

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca do Val ◽  
Paulo Nuin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Family

AbstractThe systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the family Leptodactylidae are controversial as is the intrafamilial phylogeny of the leptodactylids. Here we analyze the relationships of the leptodactylid subfamily Hylodinae. This subfamily has been considered to be monophyletic and composed of three genera, Hylodes, Crossodactylus and Megaelosia. In the present study 49 characters were used, based on different studies on Leptodactylidae phylogeny. Maximum parsimony methods with unweighted and successively weighted characters were used to estimate the phylogeny of the Hylodinae. Upon analysis, the data provided further evidence of the monophyletic status of the three genera, with Megaelosia being the basal genus and the other two genera being sister taxa. The analysis with successive weighting results in a more resolved topology of the species subgroups of the genus Hylodes and separates this genus from Crossodactylus and confirms that the hylodines are monophyletic.

Phylogenetic relationships and character evolution analysis of Saxifragales using a supermatrix approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Soltis ◽  
M. E. Mort ◽  
M. Latvis ◽  
E. V. Mavrodiev ◽  
B. C. O'Meara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Character Evolution ◽  
Evolution Analysis

scholarly journals First records of the North American leafhopper Gyponana mail (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) invading urban gardens and agroecosystems in Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Valeria Trivellone ◽  
Vally Forte ◽  
Luisa Filippin ◽  
Christopher H. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
North American ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
European Population ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Urban Gardens ◽  
The North ◽  
Palearctic Region

The Nearctic leafhopper species Gyponana (Gyponana) mali DeLong, 1942 is reported from Europe for the fi rst time and represents the fi rst record of the tribe Gyponini Stål, 1870 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae: Gyponini) for the Palearctic Region. Specimens were collected in southern Switzerland (Ticino) and two regions of northern Italy (Lombardy and Veneto) in 2015–2019. The preferred host plant in these areas appears to be Cornus sanguinea L. Phylogenetic analysis of the COI barcode sequences grouped one of the European specimens with three individuals of G. (G.) mali from Ontario, Canada. Morphological study indicated that the male genitalia of the European population are intermediate between G. (G.) mali and G. (G.) extenda DeLong, 1942.

Species delimitation in the Lepraria isidiata-L. santosii group: a population study in the Mediterranean-Macaronesian region

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Tretiach ◽  
Lucia Muggia ◽  
Laurence Baruffo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Siliceous Rocks ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Mineral Soils

AbstractA thorough chemical, molecular and morphological study has been carried out on a problematic group in the genus Lepraria characterized by lobed, granular thalli with a raised rim and a preference for mosses, rocks and mineral soils in exposed, xeric habitats. The material examined was collected in seven countries of the Mediterranean-Macaronesian region, from chalk, carbonate rocks and derived soils (A-thalli), and from siliceous rocks and derived soils (B-thalli). The results of a phylogenetic analysis based on 93 ITS sequences (29 of which newly obtained) support the identification and the segregation of two taxa at species level, provisionally identified as Lepraria isidiata s. lat., (most of the A-thalli), and L. santosii s. lat. (B-thalli plus the remaining A-thalli), as the observed genetic variability is quite high. Three chemotypes were detected in L. isidiata s. lat., and seven in L. santosii s. lat. The two taxa are morphologically well characterized: in L. isidiata s. lat. the thallus is thicker and the propagules larger than in L. santosii s. lat. The first stages of thallus development from single propagules are described in both species. Some critical remarks are made about the increasing use of the species rank for taxa of Lepraria, which are morphologically and genetically scarcely characterized.

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