The concentrations and distributions of phytic acid phosphorus and other mineral nutrients in wild-type and low phytic acid Js-12-LPA wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain parts

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1599-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Joyce ◽  
Andrea Deneau ◽  
Kevin Peterson ◽  
Irene Ockenden ◽  
Victor Raboy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Phytic Acid

Concentrations of P, phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, IP6), and other mineral storage elements were studied in wild-type and low phytic acid (lpa) genotype Js-12-LPA wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) embryos and rest-of-grain fractions. Environmental scanning electron microscopy images revealed a decreased average size and an increased number of aleurone layer globoids in lpa grains compared with the wild type. Energy-dispersive X-ray analyses of unfixed aleurone layer and scutellum cell cytoplasm revealed mainly C, O, P, K, and Mg in both grain types. The starchy endosperm contained virtually no P, K, or Mg, demonstrating no shift of mineral nutrients to that compartment. Scanning transmission electron microscopy – energy-dispersive X-ray analyses of scutellum and aleurone layer globoids in both genotypes revealed that P, K, and Mg were the main mineral nutrients in globoids with low amounts of Ca, Fe, and Zn. Traces of Mn were only in scutellum globoids. Total P was similar between genotypes for the rest-of-grain fractions, which are 97% of grain mass. The main inositol phosphate was IP6, but a small amount of IP5 was present. Both lpa grain fractions exhibited major reductions in IP6 compared with the wild type and a threefold increase in inorganic P. The concentration of K decreased in both fractions, while Ca increased 25% in the Js-12-LPA rest-of-grain compared with the wild type. The lack of large differences in mineral concentration and distribution between the wild type and Js-12-LPA indicates that there is no direct role of localization of IP6 synthesis in mineral distribution.

The concentrations and distribution of phytic acid-phosphorus and other mineral nutrients in wild-type and low phytic acid1-1 (lpa1-1) corn (Zea mays L.) grains and grain parts

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Lin ◽  
Irene Ockenden ◽  
John NA Lott
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cereal Embryos ◽  
P Distribution

A comparison of mineral nutrient and phytic acid-phosphorus (PA-P) distribution in the grains of wild-type (WT) and low phytic acid1-1 (lpa1-1) corn (Zea mays L.) was conducted to determine how the lpa1-1 mutation influences mineral element concentrations in different grain parts and impacts the structure of phosphorus-rich inclusions (globoids) in the grain cells. This is the first report regarding total phosphorus (P) and PA-P concentrations in scutellum and root-shoot axis portions of cereal embryos of WT in comparison to its matching lpa1-1 genotype. In WT, 95% of the grain PA-P was located in the embryo, mostly in the scutellum. The lpa1-1 mutation reduced whole-grain PA-P by 62% but influenced the scutella more than the root-shoot axes and rest-of-grain fractions. In spite of the lpa1-1 mutants containing greatly reduced PA-P, whole-grain amounts of Mg, Fe, and Mn were higher in lpa1-1 than in WT, K and Zn were similar, and Ca was lower. Iron was 1/3 higher in lpa1-1 grains than WT while Ca was 18% lower. Decreased phytic acid in lpa1-1 grains resulted in reduction in globoid size in both scutellum and aleurone layer cells. Most lpa1-1 aleurone globoids were non-spherical and scutellum globoids were clusters of small spheres while WT globoids were large discrete spheres. X-ray analyses of globoids in both grain types revealed major amounts of P, K, and Mg and traces of Ca, Fe, and Zn. Both grain types contained almost no mineral nutrient stores in the starchy endosperm.Key words: corn (Zea mays L.), phytic acid-phosphorus, low phytic acid1-1 (lpa1-1) grains, mineral nutrients, globoids, electron microscopy.

Phytic acid-phosphorus and other nutritionally important mineral nutrient elements in grains of wild-type and low phytic acid (lpa1–1) rice

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N.A. Lott ◽  
Jessica C. Liu ◽  
Irene Ockenden ◽  
Michael Truax ◽  
John N.A. Lott
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Phytic Acid Content ◽  
Low Phytic Acid ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Iron Manganese

Mineral nutrient stores in cereal grains are mainly phytate, a salt of the phosphorus-rich compound phytic acid. Quantitative measures of total phosphorus, phytic acid-phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese and zinc were obtained for whole grains, embryos and rest-of-grain portions of cv. Kaybonnet rice (wild type) (Oryza sativa L.) and a low phytic acid (lpa1–1) mutant strain with a 45% reduction in phytic acid. P, K and Mg were present in higher amounts than Ca, Mn, Fe and Zn in both grain types. Whole-grain amounts of total P, Ca, Mn and phytic acid-phosphorus were lower in whole lpa1–1 grains than in wild-type grains; K, Mg and Fe amounts were similar, and Zn was higher. Embryos, which comprise 3.5% or less of grain dry weight, were comparatively rich in all measured elements. The lpa1–1 mutation influenced the phytic acid content of the embryo more than that of the aleurone layer. Aleurone-layer cells of wild-type grains had many phosphorus-rich globoids 2μm or larger in diameter, whereas lpa1–1 grains contained more of the smaller globoids. The reduction in globoid size was consistent with the reduction in phytate. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of both aleurone-layer cells and sections of globoids in aleurone-layer cells revealed that P, K and Mg were the main mineral nutrient elements present in both grain types; traces of Ca, Mn, Fe or Zn were present. Starchy endosperm cells contained virtually no P, K or Mg, whereas scutellum cells were rich in these elements.

Structural Characterization of Gallbladder Stones Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Almarshad ◽  
Sayed M. Badawy ◽  
Abdalkarem F. Alsharari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gallbladder Stones ◽  
Pure Cholesterol ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aim and Objective: Formation of the gallbladder stones is a common disease and a major health problem. The present study aimed to identify the structures of the most common types of gallbladder stones using X-ray spectroscopic techniques, which provide information about the process of stone formation. Material and Method: Phase and elemental compositions of pure cholesterol and mixed gallstones removed from gallbladders of patients were studied using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy analysis and X-ray diffraction. Results: The crystal structures of gallstones which coincide with standard patterns were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Plate-like cholesterol crystals with laminar shaped and thin layered structures were clearly observed for gallstone of pure cholesterol by scanning electron microscopy; it also revealed different morphologies from mixed cholesterol stones. Elemental analysis of pure cholesterol and mixed gallstones using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the different formation processes of the different types of gallstones. Conclusion: The method of fast and reliable X-ray spectroscopic techniques has numerous advantages over the traditional chemical analysis and other analytical techniques. The results also revealed that the X-ray spectroscopy technique is a promising technique that can aid in understanding the pathogenesis of gallstone disease.

Identification of Nd163 phase in melt-textured NdBa2Cu3O7−δ bulk samples

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2050-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Gombos ◽  
Vicente Gomis ◽  
Anna Esther Carrillo ◽  
Antonio Vecchione ◽  
Sandro Pace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spontaneous Formation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, we report on the observation of Nd1Ba6Cu3O10,5 (Nd163) phase of the NdBaCuO system in melt-textured Nd123 bulk samples grown from a mixture of Nd123 and Nd210 phase powders. The observation was performed with polarized light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive x-ray analyses. Images of the identified phase crystals show an aspect quite different from Nd422 crystals. Unexpectedly, Nd163 was individuated, even in “pure” Nd123 samples. Moreover, after long exposure to air, Nd163 disappeared completely in samples synthesized from powders containing Nd210. Thermogravimetry analyses of powders show that the stability of this phase in air is limited to temperatures higher than 900 °C, so Nd163 is unstable and highly reactive at room temperature. Moreover, an explanation of the observation of Nd163 in Nd210 free samples, based on the spontaneous formation of Nd163 phase in a Nd123 melt, is proposed.

Effect of TiC on coarsening and macrosegregation of Al–Bi alloys

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 607-615
Author(s):  
Congmin Li ◽  
Yanguo Yin ◽  
Ming Xu ◽  
Jianfeng Cheng ◽  
Lan Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heterogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Minority Phase ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The microstructures of an Al-Bi immiscible alloy and the corresponding composites containing TiC (1 wt.% and 2 wt.%) were explored for melt temperatures of 800 °C, 850 °C, and 900°C. It was demonstrated that serious coarsening and macrosegregation of Bi-rich minority phase particles occurred, which was slightly alleviated by increasing the melt temperature from 800 °C to 900 °C. By adding TiC particles, the coarsening and macrosegregation of Bi-rich minority phase particles were significantly impeded. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that TiC particles were located inside and on the surface of Bi-rich minority phase particles, exhibiting heterogeneous nucleation and self-assembly behaviour. By properly increasing the holding time of the melt, finer and more uniform Bi-rich minority phase particles were obtained.

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