Post-transplant reactions of mycorrhizal and mycorrhiza-free seedlings of Leucaena leucocephala to pH changes in an Oxisol and Ultisol of Hawaii

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Habte ◽  
G. Diarra ◽  
P.G. Scowcroft
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Toxicity ◽  
Symbiotic Effectiveness ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
P Content

The extent to which pretransplant colonization of seedlings with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus aggregatum Schenck and Smith emend. Koske could enhance the post-transplant growth of two cultivars of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (cv. K-8 and cv. K-636) in Al- and Mn-rich acid soils was evaluated in a greenhouse. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization measured at the end of the experiment was significantly stimulated by inoculation in both cultivars at all pH levels tested, although colonization was most stimulated if cv. K-8 was grown in the Al-rich soil at the lowest pH. Symbiotic effectiveness measured as P content of Leucaena pinnules was significantly suppressed in both cultivars if they were grown at the lowest pH. Symbiotic effectiveness measured as pinnule P content and shoot biomass yield was enhanced in both cultivars by liming. The trends in effectiveness were similar in both cultivars, but cultivar effect was significant in the Mn-rich Oxisol (Wahaiawa soil) but not in the Al-rich Ultisol (Leilehua soil). The tolerance of the cultivars to acid soil toxicity in the Wahiawa soil varied with the pretransplant mycorrhizal status of their seedlings. The effect of pretransplant colonization of seedlings was to eliminate the differences in the tolerance of the cultivars to acid soil toxicity. Our data suggest that AMF could offset some of the growth reduction associated with soil acidity and that host genotype could play a role in this regard.

scholarly journals Microbial Consortium of PGPR, Rhizobia and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Makes Pea Mutant SGECdt Comparable with Indian Mustard in Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Belimov ◽  
Alexander I. Shaposhnikov ◽  
Tatiana S. Azarova ◽  
Natalia M. Makarova ◽  
Vera I. Safronova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Acetylene Reduction Activity ◽  
Nodule Bacterium

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most widespread and toxic soil pollutants that inhibits plant growth and microbial activity. Polluted soils can be remediated using plants that either accumulate metals (phytoextraction) or convert them to biologically inaccessible forms (phytostabilization). The phytoremediation potential of a symbiotic system comprising the Cd-tolerant pea (Pisum sativum L.) mutant SGECdt and selected Cd-tolerant microorganisms, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Variovorax paradoxus 5C-2, nodule bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae RCAM1066, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus sp. 1Fo, was evaluated in comparison with wild-type pea SGE and the Cd-accumulating plant Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) VIR263. Plants were grown in pots in sterilized uncontaminated or Cd-supplemented (15 mg Cd kg−1) soil and inoculated or not with the microbial consortium. Cadmium significantly inhibited growth of uninoculated and particularly inoculated SGE plants, but had no effect on SGECdt and decreased shoot biomass of B. juncea. Inoculation with the microbial consortium more than doubled pea biomass (both genotypes) irrespective of Cd contamination, but had little effect on B. juncea biomass. Cadmium decreased nodule number and acetylene reduction activity of SGE by 5.6 and 10.8 times, whereas this decrease in SGECdt was 2.1 and 2.8 times only, and the frequency of mycorrhizal structures decreased only in SGE roots. Inoculation decreased shoot Cd concentration and increased seed Cd concentration of both pea genotypes, but had little effect on Cd concentration of B. juncea. Inoculation also significantly increased concentration and/or accumulation of nutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, P, S, and Zn) by Cd-treated pea plants, particularly by the SGECdt mutant. Shoot Cd concentration of SGECdt was twice that of SGE, and the inoculated SGECdt had approximately similar Cd accumulation capacity as compared with B. juncea. Thus, plant–microbe systems based on Cd-tolerant micro-symbionts and plant genotypes offer considerable opportunities to increase plant HM tolerance and accumulation.

How Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Impact on Soil Respiration?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 628-631
Author(s):  
Fang Ma ◽  
Shu Juan Zhang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Dan Shan ◽  
Xiao Feng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
P Content

Soil respiration can be altered by changing substance supply, respiratory capacity and the demand for the products. We carried out a field experiment in the northeast of China to understand how inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alters soil respiration in paddy fields. Soil respiration and factors contributing to it were measured for paddy fields either inoculated or non-inoculated with AMF, with or without fertilization. We found that inoculation increased soil respiration, net photosynthesis of rice leaves, N and P content of rice shoots and the abundance of actinomyces and fungi in rhizosphere; while the negative effect was only observed on root biomass. We also found that fertilization decreased the responses of soil respiration, root biomass and the abundance of bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere to inoculation. However, it decreased the responses of net photosynthesis, shoot biomass and shoot N and P content to inoculation. Conclusively, AMF inoculation promoted soil respiration by enhancing substrate supply, respiratory capacity and the demand for products; while the impacts of inoculation were weakened by fertilization via respiration capacity and the demand for the products.

scholarly journals Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) on antioxidant enzyme activities in salt-stressed bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Younesi ◽  
Ali Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Abstract Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium (PGPR) represents a wide variety of soil bacteria that, when grown in association with a host plant, result in stimulation of growth of their host. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of inoculation with a PGPR, Pseudomonas fluorescence, alone or in combination with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.), on antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX)), phosphatase activity, solutes accumulation, growth and minerals nutrient uptake in shoots of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) affected by three levels of salt stress. Salinity decreased bean growth, regardless of the biological treatment and the salt stress level. The plants inoculated with P. fluorescence had significantly greater shoot biomass than the control plants at all salinity levels, whereas the mycorrhizal inoculation treatments were only effective in increasing shoot biomass at a low salinity level. The plants inoculated with P. fluorescence presented higher concentrations of shoots’ K+ and lower concentrations of shoots’ Na+ under high salt conditions. Salt stress increased shoots’ proline concentration, particularly in plants inoculated with the PGPR. Increasing salinity stress raised significantly the antioxidant enzyme activities, including those of total POX and CAT, of bean shoots compared with their corresponding nonstressed plants. The PGPR strain induced a higher increase in these antioxidant enzymes in response to severe salinity. Inoculation with selected PGPR could serve as a useful tool for alleviating salinity stress in salt-sensitive plants.

scholarly journals Enrichment of organic compost with beneficial microorganisms and yield performance of corn and wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 332-339
Author(s):  
Francine C. Andrade ◽  
Fernando Fernandes ◽  
Adilson Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Artur B. L. Rondina ◽  
Mariangela Hungria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Organic Compost

ABSTRACT Enrichment with beneficial microorganisms may increase the benefits of organic compost. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enrichment of a mature compost with plant growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Rhizophagus clarus), using brachiaria (Urochloa brizantha) as host plant, totaling seven treatments: control (compost with no bacteria, brachiaria or mycorrhizal fungus); compost + brachiaria; compost + brachiaria + mycorrhizal fungus; compost + brachiaria + mycorrhizal fungus + Azorhizobium sp.; compost + brachiaria + mycorrhizal fungus + Azoarcus sp.; compost + brachiaria + mycorrhizal fungus + Bacillus subtilis; and compost + brachiaria + mycorrhizal fungus + Azotobacter sp., in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Brachiaria shoot biomass, N and P concentrations, mycorrhizal colonization, and chemical characteristics of the compost were assessed five times over 183 days. B. subtilis and Azotobacter increased ammonium-N concentration in the compost in two and three sampling dates, respectively. In contrast, Azotobacter and Azoarcus decreased the concentrations of nitrate-N in at least one sampling. Despite high P availability in the compost (951-2927 mg kg-1), mycorrhizal colonization reached up to 53%. In a field trial with the produced composts, in a randomized block design with six repetitions, the composts with brachiaria doubled the mycorrhizal colonization of corn (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), independent of the growth-promoting bacteria and, depending on the associated bacteria, increased grain yields.

Differential effects of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on maize growth in phosphate-fertilized and unfertilized acid soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ishita Paul ◽  
Bernd Steingrobe ◽  
Pratap Bhanu Singh Bhadoria
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Fungal Propagules

Biofertilizers may be developed using indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and phosphatesolubilizing microorganisms (PSM) isolated from rhizosphere of maize grown on acid laterite soil in eastern India. Microbial colonies thus screened yielded a pigmented, gram negative eubacterial strain which solubilized P bound as ferric phosphate. Fungal inocula for AM were prepared from dried rootlets. Potcultivated maize seedlings were inoculated with PSM and AM fungal propagules under application of two levels of inorganic P (0 and 100 mg/kg soil). Analysis of shoot samples and rhizosphere soil harvested at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS) indicated that AM fungi efficiently acquired P for the seedlings in highly depleted soil, gaining over 186% shoot biomass over non-inoculated seedlings in P-0 condition. Inoculation with PSMs gave high concentrations of mobilized P in rhizosphere under P100 condition. Joint treatment with AM, PSM and P100 gave more than 32% increase in shoot dry weight at 40 DAS over solo P100 application – significantly higher than the next best level of shoot biomass obtained (12.4% over solo P100 application) at AM treatment under P0 condition. These results indicated opposite nutrient utilization strategies by AM fungi and PSM in maize rhizosphere, emphasizing holistic application of native biofertilizer components.

SCREENING OF SESBANIA FOR TOLERANCE TO ALUMINUM TOXICITY AND SYMBIOTIC EFFECTIVENESS WITH ACID TOLERANT RHIZOBIA STRAINS IN ACID SOIL IN WESTERN KENYA

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. GUDU ◽  
P. O. KISINYO ◽  
E. T. MAKATIANI ◽  
D. W ODEE ◽  
J. F. O. ESEGU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Symbiotic Effectiveness ◽  
N Content ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
P Content ◽  
Acid Tolerant ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYNitrogen fixation by leguminous trees such as sesbania (Sesbania sesban) in acid soils is limited by aluminium (Al) toxicity and phosphorus (P) deficiency. We screened 214 East African sesbania accessions for Al toxicity tolerance, P use efficiency and sesbania–rhizobia symbiosis. Aluminium toxicity tolerance or sensitivity was measured by the relative root elongation index. Highly Al tolerant and sensitive accessions were screened for P use efficiency. Highly P use efficient and Al sensitive accessions were assessed for symbiotic effectiveness with acid tolerant rhizobia. Eighty-eight per cent of the accessions were Al toxicity tolerant. High Al levels reduced shoot P content by 88% and total dry matter (TDM) by 83%. P addition increased shoot P content and TDM. Rhizobia inoculation increased nodulation by 28–82%, shoot N content by 28–45% and TDM by 15–34% in the low rhizobia density acid soil of Bumala, Kenya. P use efficient accessions had higher nodulation, shoot N content and TDM in the ranges 32–70, 20–52 and 22–36%, respectively, compared to sensitive genotypes. The combination of sesbania accession (SSUG10) and rhizobia strain ASs48 was superior in shoot N accumulation. Inoculation of P use efficient germplasm with acid tolerant rhizobia can improve N-rich biomass accumulation suitable for N replenishment in acid soils.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document