Wood traits in parental and hybrid species of Sorbus

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 559-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Ďurkovič ◽  
Monika Kardošová ◽  
František Kačík ◽  
Miroslava Masaryková
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Cell Wall Constituent ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Marker

The genus Sorbus is an example of taxonomic complexity arising from the combined effects of hybridization, polyploidy, and apomixis. In this study, a comparison of the diagnostic microscopic characteristics of wood, together with the quantitative traits of vascular anatomy, fiber morphology, and cell wall constituents in parental ( Sorbus aria , Sorbus aucuparia , Sorbus chamaemespilus ) and hybrid ( Sorbus haljamovae , Sorbus montisalpae , Sorbus zuzanae ) taxa, was undertaken to discriminate each one of the examined taxa from the other and also to examine relatedness among parental and hybrid taxa. Chemical profiles of the degree of polymerization of cellulose were found to be the discriminating chemotaxonomic marker for all taxa. Sorbus haljamovae was determined to be the only taxon distinctively identified microscopically and distinguishable from the other examined taxa. The use of cell wall constituent traits provided a better segregation of hybrid taxa from their putative parental species than did the application of vascular anatomy variables. Sorbus zuzanae and Sorbus haljamovae formed isolated clusters that were distinctively segregated from all the other examined taxa. The results of this study indicate that the majority of wood traits in Sorbus hybrids do not exhibit an intermediate position between the parental taxa.

The Structure of Sycamore Callus Cells During Division in a Partially Synchronized Suspension Culture

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-321
Author(s):  
K. ROBERTS ◽  
D. H. NORTHCOTE
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Peripheral Cytoplasm

Sycamore suspension callus cells have been partially synchronized to give a culture with a mitotic index of 15%. Living dividing cells of the culture have been examined with Nomarski differential interference optics and a comparable study made on fixed cells with the electron microscope. An organized band of reticulate cytoplasm partially encircles the nucleus at mitosis. The cell divides by the formation of a phragmosome which grows across the large vacuole; this allows the organization of the cytoplasm which forms the cell plate to be examined separately from the more general cytoplasm of the cell. The cell plate grows from one side of the cell to the other and down its length a complete developmental sequence can be seen. The Golgi bodies and the endoplasmic reticulum are probably involved in the formation of material for the construction of the cell plate and young cell wall. Microfibrils are formed within the plate in the more mature regions, while material contained within vesicles is incorporated at the young growing edge. At the edge of the plate microtubules are found and these correspond to the fibrillar appearance of the phragmoplast seen with the optical microscope. In the living cell an active movement of organelles along the peripheral cytoplasm can be seen and with fixed cells viewed with the electron microscope microtubules are often found adjacent to the plasmalemma and lying close to mitochondria, crystal-containing bodies and plastids. The appearance of crystal-containing bodies and plastids containing phytoferritin is described.

An acidic water-soluble cell wall polysaccharide: a chemotaxonomic marker for Fusarium and Gibberella

2000 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ahrazem ◽  
B. Gómez-Miranda ◽  
A. Prieto ◽  
I. Barasoaín ◽  
M. Bernabé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Acidic Water ◽  
Soluble Cell ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Marker

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Chemical Profiles of the Essential Oils of Ripe and Rotten Fruits of Citrus Aurantifolia Swingle

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Afolayan ◽  
Olayinka T. Asekun
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Fruit Oil

Most often during the processing of lime fruits for essential oil extraction, rotten fruits are used along with ripe ones. In this study, we examine the volatile constituents of the essential oils from both ripe and rotten lime fruits (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) from Nigeria. The oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC-MS. The ripe and rotten lime oils contained 55 and 49 components, respectively. Both oils were rich in limonene (21.0%, ripe lime; 21.3% rotten lime), α-terpineol (11.7%, ripe; 14.1%, rotten), terpinene (8.3%, ripe; 8.9% rotten lime), α–terpinolene (2.5%, ripe; 8.5%, rotten) and ( E)-α-farnesene (6.3% ripe lime; 4.8% rotten lime). The other major components, α-pinene (11.1%), and linalool (5.5%) were identified in ripe lime oil only. Limonene and citral, which are believed to be the two major citrus odour contributors, were present in both ripe and rotten lime oils. Aldehydes like decanal and the farnesenes, which are also important in citrus flavor, were represented in both lime oils. Some notable components of ripe lime fruit oil, like trans-β-ocimene, linalool, myrcenol, dodecanal, trans-β–bergamotene and trans-γ–bisabolene, were absent in the rotten fruit oil. It could be suggested that some compounds like cis-ocimene, trans-linalool oxide, p-mentha-3-en-1-ol, mentha-1,4,8-triene, citronellal, trans- β–bergamotene and α–copaene, which were not identified in the ripe fruit oil, were introduced into the lime oil by the incorporation of rotten fruits in the distilled samples.

THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF CELL WALL CARBOHYDRATES: III. FURTHER STUDIES ON FORMATION OF CELLULOSE AND XYLAN FROM LABELED MONOSACCHARIDES IN WHEAT PLANTS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Altermatt ◽  
A. C. Neish
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽  
Carbon Skeleton ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose ◽  
Polysaccharide Synthesis ◽  
Diphosphate Glucose ◽  
Cell Wall Carbohydrates

D-Glucose-1-C14, D-glucose-2-C14, D-xylose-2-C14, D-xylose-5-C14, D-arabinose-1-C14, D-glucuronolactone-1-C14, D-glucitol-1-C14, D-mannitol-1-C14, D-arabitol-1-C14, and D-arabitol-5-C14 were administered to wheat plants. The cellulose and xylan were isolated after a period of metabolism varying from 2 to 23 hr. D-Mannitol and D-arabitol were not converted to either cellulose or xylan while D-arabinose was utilized slightly. The other compounds gave rise to both labelled cellulose and xylan. The glucose and xylose, obtained from the cellulose and xylan respectively, were degraded by fermentation with Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Glucose and glucuronolactone were equally good precursors of xylan and were superior to the other compounds tried. They appeared to give rise to units for xylan formation by loss of carbon-6. Free xylose was converted to xylan units only after an extensive rearrangement of the carbon skeleton, such as occurred in the conversion of xylose to cellulose units. A hypothetical outline of polysaccharide synthesis, involving uridine diphosphate glucose as the central intermediate, is suggested to explain the data.

Métabolisme de l'acide indolyl-3-acétique dans les cultures de cellules d'Acer pseudoplatanus cultivés in vitro

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (19) ◽  
pp. 2530-2534 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Maillard ◽  
J.-P. Zrÿd
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Kinetics Of

Incubation of cell suspensions of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) with β-indoyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) first led to the formation of IAA-glycosides, then to that of IAA-aspartate. Great differences are observed between the kinetics of IAA transformed by two distinct strains: one, auxin dependent (S), the other, auxin independent (MB). Other degradation products are only found in the culture medium. The localization of IAA-degrading systems in the cell wall is postulated. The auxin requirement of the S strain is discussed.

Floral anatomy of the genus Oligarrhena R. Br. (Epacridaceae)

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Jackes
Keyword(s):  
Floral Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
The Other

The organography and vascular anatomy of the flower of Oligarrhena micrantha R. Br, has been examined in detail. Whilst in general agreement with the other members of the tribe Styphelieae, it does exhibit a greater degree of carpel sterilization, and supports the suggestion that progressive sterilization has been occurring within this tribe.

THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF CELL WALL CARBOHYDRATES: IV. FURTHER STUDIES ON CELLULOSE AND XYLAN IN WHEAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Neish
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Wall Carbohydrates

D-Glucose-1-C14, D-glucose-6-C14, D-mannose-1-C14, D-galactose-1-C14, D-glucuronolactone-1-C14, D-glucuronolactone-6-C14, potassium D-gluconate-6-C14, and L-arabinose-1-C14 were administered to wheat shoots. The cellulose and xylan were isolated after a 5 hour period of metabolism. Glucose was more readily converted to cellulose and xylan than any of the other compounds tested. The distribution of C14 in the glucose and xylose isolated from the polysaccharides indicates that xylan was formed from the aldohexoses and glucuronolactone by processes involving loss of carbon-6. L-Arabinose, unlike D-xylose and D-ribose, was converted to xylan with little rearrangement of the pentose skeleton.

scholarly journals L-Ficolin Specifically Binds to Lipoteichoic Acid, a Cell Wall Constituent of Gram-Positive Bacteria, and Activates the Lectin Pathway of Complement

2004 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 1198-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Lynch ◽  
Silke Roscher ◽  
Thomas Hartung ◽  
Siegfried Morath ◽  
Misao Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Lectin Pathway ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Cell Wall Constituent ◽  
A Cell

Serological characteristics of Streptomyces species using cell wall immunizing antigens

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Taylor ◽  
Rufus K. Guthrie ◽  
Elwood B. Shirling
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
The One ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

A dichotomous key for determination of serological groups among Streptomyces is described. This key is limited in that only seven specific antisera are used for testing. The utility and reliability of the application of this key were tested and compared to the results of previous taxonomic studies reported on the basis of biochemical and morphological characteristics of these organisms. Results indicate the desirability of using a combination of methods including serological characteristics on the one hand, and biochemical–morphological characteristics on the other, to increase the reliability of taxonomic studies.

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