scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Chemical Profiles of the Essential Oils of Ripe and Rotten Fruits of Citrus Aurantifolia Swingle

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Afolayan ◽  
Olayinka T. Asekun
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Fruit Oil

Most often during the processing of lime fruits for essential oil extraction, rotten fruits are used along with ripe ones. In this study, we examine the volatile constituents of the essential oils from both ripe and rotten lime fruits (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) from Nigeria. The oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC-MS. The ripe and rotten lime oils contained 55 and 49 components, respectively. Both oils were rich in limonene (21.0%, ripe lime; 21.3% rotten lime), α-terpineol (11.7%, ripe; 14.1%, rotten), terpinene (8.3%, ripe; 8.9% rotten lime), α–terpinolene (2.5%, ripe; 8.5%, rotten) and ( E)-α-farnesene (6.3% ripe lime; 4.8% rotten lime). The other major components, α-pinene (11.1%), and linalool (5.5%) were identified in ripe lime oil only. Limonene and citral, which are believed to be the two major citrus odour contributors, were present in both ripe and rotten lime oils. Aldehydes like decanal and the farnesenes, which are also important in citrus flavor, were represented in both lime oils. Some notable components of ripe lime fruit oil, like trans-β-ocimene, linalool, myrcenol, dodecanal, trans-β–bergamotene and trans-γ–bisabolene, were absent in the rotten fruit oil. It could be suggested that some compounds like cis-ocimene, trans-linalool oxide, p-mentha-3-en-1-ol, mentha-1,4,8-triene, citronellal, trans- β–bergamotene and α–copaene, which were not identified in the ripe fruit oil, were introduced into the lime oil by the incorporation of rotten fruits in the distilled samples.

scholarly journals Zingiber vuquangensis and Z. castaneum: Two Newly Discovered Species from Vietnam and Their Essential Oil Constituents

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le T. Huong ◽  
Trinh T. Huong ◽  
Nguyen T. T. Huong ◽  
Dao T. M. Chau ◽  
Ly N. Sam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
National Park ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
First Report ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Fruit Oil

The chemical constituents of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Zingiber vuquangensis Lý N.S., Lê T.H., Trịnh T. H., Nguyễn V.H., Đỗ N.Đ. and Zingiber castaneum Škorničk. & Q.B. Nguyễn collected from Vu Quang National Park, Hà Tĩnh Province, Vietnam were analysed by GC and GC-MS. β-Pinene (24.7% and 26.1%) and β-caryophyllene (12.3% and 13.9%) were the main constituents in the leaf oil and stem oil of Zingiber vuquangensis. On the other hand the root oil contained bornyl acetate (20.9%), zerumbone (14.1%) and α-humulene (9.6%) while β-pinene (19.6%), 1,8-cineole (15.6%), α-pinene (10.3%) and β-caryophyllene (10.4%) were the significant compounds of the fruit oil. The leaf oil Zingiber castaneum was dominated by β-pinene (30.6%), α-pinene (9.5%), β-caryophyllene (9.4%) and bicycloelemene (9.1%). The compounds occurring in higher quantity in the stem oil were β-caryophyllene (14.7%), δ-cadinene (9.8%), bicycloelemene (8.4%) and α-cubebene (7.8%). However, camphene (15.1%), 1,8-cineole (13.6%), linalool (11.3%) and δ-3-carene (8.5%) were the main compounds of the root oil while ( E)-nerolidol (23.2%), ( Z)-9-octadecenamide (17.3%) and β-caryophyllene (10.8%) were the main constituents of the fruit oil. The essential oil did not exhibit noticeable antimicrobial effects. This is the first report on the volatile compositions of Z. vuquangensis and Z. castaneum.

Manufacturing Process for Extracting Essential Oils from White Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) by Hydrodistillation Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thien Hien Tran ◽  
Thi To Quyen Ngo ◽  
Thi Kim Ngan Tran ◽  
Tri Duc Lam ◽  
Tan Phat Dao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Oil Performance

Vietnam is the world's leading country in growing and producing pepper trees. In this study, we attempted the optimization of white pepper essential oil extraction. The obtained oil was then subject to determination of constituent composition via GC-MS method. The essential oil performance achieved 3.6% by hydro-distillation process with optimal conditions (25 grams of fresh pepper, size 18, 120 minutes extraction, 130°C). A total of 23 volatile constituents were identified from the white pepper essential oil, with the major components being 27.4% of Limonene, 3-Carene 22,928%, Sabinene 17,622%, β-pinene 10.068%, α-Pinene 5.426%.

scholarly journals Development of bioactive/active additives based on essential oils: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Jessica Alarcón-Moyano ◽  
◽  
Silvia Matiacevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Oil Oxidation ◽  
Active Additive ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Selection For

The use of bioactive/active additives has been increasing in recent years, especially those derived from medicinal plants such as essential oils. However, due to essential oil oxidation it is necessary to protect it by encapsulation techniques such as: emulsion, spray- and/or freeze-drying as the most economical techniques. On the other hand, an important factor is to determine the appropriate wall material to obtain a prolonged or controlled release in the food or in the organism. Therefore, several factors affect the release of the compounds such as the type, amount of wall material and/or combination of wall materials. Therefore, the knowledge of all the aforementioned factors is important in order to make an adequate selection for the development of a bioactive/active additive based on essential oils.

scholarly journals Comparison of chemical compositions of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) with use of Deryng and Clevenger apparatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Wesołowska ◽  
Monika Grzeszczuk ◽  
Dorota Jadczak
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Distillation Apparatus ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Wild Thyme ◽  
Thymus Serpyllum

Abstract The aim of the studies conducted in 2012-2013 was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) by hydrodistillation in Deryng and Clevenger apparatus. GC-MS analysis of the isolated oils revealed that carvacrol (42.81-45.24%), γ-terpinene (7.68-9.04%), β-caryophyllene (5.28-9.10%), β-bisabolene (5.76-6.91%) and carvacrol methyl ether (4.92-6.09%) were the major components of all the samples. On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the type of distillation apparatus had no significant effect on the content of the main essential oil constituents of wild thyme. However, based on the means for both years of the study it was proved that hydrodistillation in Deryng apparatus was more effective for carvacrol concentration, while in Clevenger apparatus - for y-terpinene and carvacrol methyl ether concentration. The type of distillation apparatus had no significant effect on the content of the other essential oil constituents.

Composition and Efficacy of Essential Oil Nanoemulsions

2022 ◽  
pp. 59-92
Author(s):  
Sowbarnika Arul Senthil ◽  
Sneha Unnikrishnan ◽  
Karthikeyan Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Micron Size ◽  
Antimicrobial Mechanism ◽  
Antimicrobial Potency

Essential oil, endorsed as a natural cum powerful ingredient, encompasses incredible properties, and various approaches have been proposed and spurred over the last decades. One among them is the nano-emulsification of the essential oils, and the sub-micron size provides prolonged shelf life, ease of formulation and handling, nullification of the stated obstacles, as well as the augmentation of the essential oil antimicrobial activity. This chapter primarily reinforces and is well-articulated on (1) the components and its precise concentration adequate to fabricate nanoemulsion; (2) critical analysis on the experimentally inferred antimicrobial mechanism and the extent of contribution granted by the optimal concentration of the components in the nanoemulsion; (3) scrutinization of the possible impact rendered by the components on the other characteristics of nanoemulsion aside from antimicrobial potency. Altogether, the importance of careful formulation of the essential oil-loaded nanoemulsion is emphasized extensively.

scholarly journals Two Distinct Essential Oil Bearing Races of Tanacetum nubigenum Wallich ex DC from Kumaon Himalaya

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan S. Chanotiya ◽  
Chandra S. Mathela
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
2D Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Kumaon Himalaya ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Total Oil

The essential oil from the aerial parts of Tanacetum nubigenum Wallich ex DC collected from the Milam glacier moraine showed the presence of 73 compounds, of which 69, representing 87.9% of the total oil, have been identified, with bornyl acetate (39.7%), borneol (10.6%), ( E)-β-farnesene (6.6%) and 1,8-cineole (5.8%) as major constituents, while the oil from the plant material from the Pindari glacier area contained a total of 81 compounds, of which 77 have been identified. This oil was characterized by the presence of (3 R, 6 R)-linalool oxide acetate (69.4%), β-eudesmol (3.2%), selin-11-en-4α-ol (3.2%) and (3.2% and 1.2%, respectively) for compounds ( E) and ( Z)-2-(2,4-hexadiynylidene)-1,6-dioxospiro [4,4] non-3-ene, respectively. The major constituents of the essential oils from the aerial parts were separated and characterized by GC, GC/MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. The chemical differences between the two essential oils place them as distinct chemical races or chemotypes.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT ROSEMARY ESSENTIAL OIL

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia A. Socaci ◽  
Maria Tofana ◽  
Carmen Socaciu ◽  
D. Varban ◽  
Sevastita Muste
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Rosemary Essential Oil

The present study includes researches regarding the composition of different varieties of rosemary essential oil. The essential oils were extracted from the plant material using the hydrodistillation technique. The analyses of the composition of essential oils were carried out by using a GC-MS system. The chemical constituents of the essential oil were separated and identified using the GC-MS NIST libraries.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Composition of the Umbels and Fruit of Prangos Uloptera DC

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Nazemiyeh ◽  
Seied M. Razavi ◽  
Abbas Delazar ◽  
Rogaieh Hajiboland ◽  
Valiollah Mozaffarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Fruit Oil

The composition of the essential oils of the umbels and fruit of Prangos uloptera, an indigenous Iranian medicinal plant, was determined by GC-MS analyses. A total of 10 and 18 compounds were identified, respectively, from the essential oils of the umbels and the fruit. The identified compounds represented, respectively, 93.2% and 83.0% of the total essential oils. While the main components of the umbels oil were α-pinene (31.78%), β-bourbonene (15.9%), α-curcumene (10.65%), spathulenol (9%) and m-cymene (5.51%), those of the fruit oil were α-pinene (14.98%), β-bourbonene (7.81%), α-humulene (7.74%), germacrene B (7.23%) and n-tetracosane (6.65%).

scholarly journals Essential Oils of Morus alba and M. nigra Leaves: Effect of Drying on the Chemical Composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200
Author(s):  
Niko S. Radulović ◽  
Vojkan M. Miljković ◽  
Marko Z. Mladenović ◽  
Goran S. Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Geranyl Acetone ◽  
Peak Areas ◽  
Plant Metabolite

Detailed GC and GC/MS analyses of essential-oil samples obtained by hydrodistillation of Morus alba L. and M. nigra L. leaves (four samples) allowed the identification of 131 constituents representing 95.1 – 96.4% of the total GC peak areas. The most abundant compounds classes were alkanes, diterpenoids, carotenoid-derived compounds and fatty acid-related constituents with trans-phytol (7.9 – 71.2%), ( E,E)-geranyl linalool (0.2 – 8.0%), ( Z)-bovolide (8.1%) and n-chain alkanes (in total, 17.5 – 52.4%) as the major constituents of the analyzed samples. In general, there were only quantitative differences noted between M. nigra essential oils from fresh and dry leaves. The most discernable changes included a variation in the content of the major constituents (e.g. the relative amount of trans-phytol and the total amount of alkanes decreased by 5.8% and ≈ 2%, respectively, while that of ( E,E)-geranyl linalool increased by 7.8%). On the other hand, the composition of M. alba essential oil was much more significantly affected by the drying process. The highest quantitative differences were noted for trans-phytol, geranyl acetone, and all isomers of 4,6,8-megastigmatrien-3-one. Also, a rare plant metabolite, ( Z)-bovolide, characteristic of leaf senescence, was only identified (8.1%) in the essential oil of M. alba dried leaves.

scholarly journals A Chemical Marker Proposal for the Lantana genus: Composition of the Essential Oils from the Leaves of Lantana radula and L. canescens

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500
Author(s):  
José G. Sena Filho ◽  
Haroudo S. Xavier ◽  
José M. Barbosa Filho ◽  
Jennifer M. Duringer
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Chemical Marker ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Minor Compounds ◽  
Prior Analysis

Essential oil extracts from the leaves of two Lantana species ( L. radula Sw. and L. canescens Kunth), for which no prior analysis has been reported, were analyzed by GC-MS. This information was utilized to propose chemical markers for Lantana species so that identification between physically similar plant species can be achieved through chemical analysis. Results showed 33 constituents for L. canescens, among which β-caryophyllene (43.9%), β-cubebene (10.1%), elixene (8.6%), β-phellandrene (6.1%), α-caryophyllene (2.6%) and dehydro-aromadendrene (2.6%) were the principle components. L. radula revealed the presence of 21 compounds, the most abundant of which were β-cubebene (31.0%), β-caryophyllene (20.8%), elixene (10.0%), α-salinene (6.4%), β-phellandrene (6.1%), copaene (4.9%) cadinene (1.4%) and psi-limonene (1.4%). The high concentration of β-caryophyllene in the samples tested here and those in the literature make it a good candidate for a chemical marker for Lantana species, with β-cubebene, elixene and β-phellandrene following as minor compounds identified more sporadically in this genus. On the other hand, Lippia species, which are morphologically similar to those from the Lantana genus, would contain limonene, citral, carvacrol, β-myrcene, camphor and thymol as the main chemical markers. These chemical markers would be a powerful tool for maintaining quality control in the extraction of essential oils for use in medicinal applications, as well as in identification of plant specimens to a taxonomist.

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