PATTERNS IN GROWTH OF EARLYWOOD, LATEWOOD, AND PERCENTAGE LATEWOOD DETERMINED BY COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF 18 DOUGLAS-FIR TREES

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. G. Smith ◽  
L. Heger ◽  
J. Hejjas
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Breast Height

Widths of earlywood and latewood in each annual ring, measured on an average radius on a disk taken halfway between each branch whorl, were analyzed to define their variation in 18 Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Distribution of ring width and percentage latewood also was investigated in these trees which had from 20 to 50 whorls above stump height. Multiple regression and correlation analyses showed that number of rings from pith, and its reciprocal, square, or logarithm accounted for most of the variation in radial growth. Number of rings from pith influenced thickness of both earlywood and latewood much more than the climatic differences reflected by variations in annual height growth and in widths of earlywood and latewood formed at breast height in the same calendar year. Since earlywood and latewood are distributed differently and controlled by different factors, they should be studied separately within annual rings. The statistical methods used in this study provide a simple, efficient, and comprehensive basis for thoroughly describing growth patterns, and for objectively analyzing factors that govern growth.

Cost of reproduction in Douglas-fir

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1429-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
Hugh J. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Seed Cone

The balance between allocating energy resources to reproduction or growth has considerable theoretical interest. Conflicting ecological requirements and evolutionary pressures often necessitate a trade-off in energy allocation. We obtained measurements on seed-cone production and annual ring width of 365 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees from 29 open-pollinated families for 8 years. Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations were computed for seed-cone production and ring width for each year. Five of the eight environmental correlations were negative (range −0.077 to −0.305), reflecting the reality of the trade-off in physiological terms. Six of the eight genetic correlations were negative (range −0.199 to −0.776), indicating that a trade-off exists at the genetic level between energy allocation to reproduction and to somatic growth. These findings agree with the current theory of life-history evolution. Key words: Pseudotsuga menziesii, cone production, annual ring width, genetic correlation.

Variation in radial growth patterns of Pseudotsuga menziesii on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1946-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Bin Zhang ◽  
Richard J Hebda
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Bella Coola ◽  
Growing Season Precipitation

Radial growth of trees in mountainous areas is subject to conditions associated with changes in elevation. We present ring-width chronologies for Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) at nine sites spanning low to high elevations in the Bella Coola area of the central coast of British Columbia, near the northern limits of the species distribution, and investigate the variation in tree-ring growth patterns in relation to different elevations, using principal component (PC) analysis. We find that the first PC, which represents 55.6% of the total variance, reflects a common growth response at sites of different elevation. Response function analysis indicates that growing season precipitation is the major factor in controlling tree-ring growth. This factor explains more of the variance in low-elevation sites than it does in high-elevation ones. Temperature in August of the preceding year shows a negative relationship to ring-width growth. The second PC represents 16.7% of the total variance and reveals a distinct difference in growth response between low- and high-elevation sites. The length and temperature of the growing season seem to play an important role in tree-ring growth at sites of high elevation. Comparison of the Bella Coola records with those from southern Vancouver Island suggests that growing season precipitation influences growth of Douglas-fir on a macroregional scale, but other factors such as temperature modify the growth response at the limits of the distribution of the species.

CAMBIAL BEHAVIOR WITH REFERENCE TO CELL LENGTH AND RING WIDTH IN PINUS STROBUS L.

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1057-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Bannan
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Cell Length ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Cambial Cells ◽  
Individual Trees

The relationships between width of annual rings, length of wood cells, and frequency of anticlinal (multiplicative) divisions in fusiform cambial cells were studied by reference to trees of various growth patterns. The trees selected ranged from 8 to 20 in. diameter and included both open-grown specimens with branches close to the ground and forest types with tall, slender shafts. Much fluctuation was noted among individual trees, but in general there was, in the peripheral growth, an inverse relationship between length of wood cells and width of annual rings. The frequency of anticlinal divisions in the cambium remained at a more or less uniform rate in trees with rings from 1.5 to 5 mm wide, but rose sharply when ring width fell below 1.3 mm. This was in contrast to the situation observed earlier in Thuja occidentalis where the rise in frequency of anticlinal divisions was slight and occurred only in trees with rings less than 0.3 mm wide.

scholarly journals Soil texture and other site-level factors differentially affect growth of Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings in the western Pacific Northwest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Carter ◽  
Robert A. Slesak ◽  
Timothy B. Harrington ◽  
Anthony W. D’Amato
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Cytisus Scoparius ◽  
Invasive Shrub ◽  
Scotch Broom ◽  
The Western Pacific

The invasive shrub Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) is a pervasive threat to regenerating Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) stands in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Field observations indicate that the susceptibility of areas to Scotch broom invasion and dominance can vary by site. We selected ten sites throughout the western Pacific Northwest that spanned a gradient of soil textures and other factors to test the site-specific susceptibility of Douglas-fir to overtopping by Scotch broom. We expected to find that the ability of Scotch broom to dominate a site was mediated by site-level factors, particularly those influencing soil water – the most limiting factor to growth in the region. We found Scotch broom and Douglas-fir were inversely affected by site-level factors. In general, Douglas-fir absolute height growth rates were more competitive with those of Scotch broom on fine-textured soils than on more coarsely textured soils. We also found Douglas-fir to have a more dramatic response to increasing down woody material than Scotch broom. Scotch broom height growth approached an asymptote at 3 m. Sites with fast-growing Douglas-fir were able to surpass this height six to seven years after planting and appear likely to avoid suppression by Scotch broom.

Ring Width Patterns of Douglas Fir in Relation to Crown Vitality and Age

IAWA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid de Kort ◽  
Pieter Baas
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Needle Loss

Ring width patterns often different stands, five vitality classes and three age-classes are used to explore the effect of the decline in vitality on radial growth of Douglas fir in the Netherlands and to determine the onset of this decline. A relationship between growth performance and crown vitality is found in most stands, although the variation within and between stands is large. Severe needle loss leads to serious decline in ring width. The onset of the decline varies from c. 1959 to 1976. The present data set does not enable a choice between the various causal scenarios of forest decline that have been proposed in the literature.

Effects of thinning and urea fertilization on the distribution of area increment along the boles of Douglas-fir at Shawnigan Lake, British Columbia

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 879-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Thomson ◽  
H. J. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Average Area ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Urea Fertilization ◽  
Measurement Period ◽  
Growth Distribution

The effects of fertilization and thinning of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) on the distribution of area increment along the bole were assessed using radial growth measurements 6 and 9 years after treatment. Within treatments, the average area increment per tree was linearly related to diameter at breast height, and this relationship was used to evaluate the effects of treatment on growth rate. Fertilization had the greatest effect on average area increment, and for a particular fertilization regime, thinning increased the response. Thinning modified the distribution of growth over the bole of all trees and increased butt flare, especially in smaller trees. The effect declined from the 4- to 6-year measurement period to the 7-to 9-year measurement period. Fertilization had no consistent effect on growth distribution. The regression methods used in this study provided a more sensitive measure of form changes than previous methods, were independent of size distribution, and facilitated extrapolations and evaluation of temporal trend.

scholarly journals Production potential of Douglas fir at mesotrophic sites of Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 321-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Mature Stands

: The study evaluates production parameters (height, diameter at breast height, volume) of Douglas fir (<I>Pseudotsuga menziesii</I> [Mirb.] Franco) at mesotrophic sites of the Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise in mature stands. In total, 29 mixed stands were assessed with the registered proportion of Douglas fir at an age of 85 to 136 years. Comparing the 10 largest Douglas firs with the 10 largest spruces or larches higher, and as a rule markedly higher, production potential of introduced Douglas fir was found in all assessed stands. There were also groups of trees where the volume of Douglas fir was twice to 3 times higher than the volume of spruce or larch (see Tabs. 5 to 10). For example, in stand 177B11, the mean volume of 9.12 m<sup>3</sup> was recorded in the 10 largest Douglas fir trees but the volume of spruce reached only 3.17 m<sup>3</sup> and the volume of larch was 3.70 m<sup>3</sup>. Differences in mensurational parameters of Douglas fir found on the one hand and of Norway spruce (<I>Picea abies</I> [L.] Karst.) or European larch (<I>Larix decidua</I> Mill.) on the other hand compared by ANOVA tests were statistically highly significant. Annual ring analyses have shown that at present the volume increment of particular Douglas fir trees ranges from 0.12 to 0.16 m<sup>3</sup> per year in mature stands (i.e. about 1.5 m<sup>3</sup> every 10 years).

Bark Thickness and Bark Volume in Southwestern Oregon Douglas-Fir

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Maguire ◽  
David W. Hann
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Taper Equation ◽  
Taper Equations ◽  
Height Predictions

Abstract A segmented polynomial taper equation for southwestern Oregon Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) predicts double bark thickness (dbt) at any point above breast height. Below breast height predictions assume conformity to a neiloid frustrum. The equations facilitate estimation of inside bark diameter (dib) given outside bark (dob) measurements. Bark volume and bark biomass can also be estimated when supplemented with existing dib taper equations developed for southwestern Oregon. West J. Appl. For. 5(1):5-8.

Comparison and Development of Height Growth and Site Index urves for Douglas-Fir in the Inland Northwest

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
James L. Vander Ploeg ◽  
James A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Inland Northwest ◽  
Central Idaho

Abstract Stem analysis data from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) collected throughout the inland Northwest were used for testing height growth and site index equations. The equations performed well in northern and central Idaho, northeast Oregon, and northeast Washington on vegetative types similar to those sampled in model development. However, if the equations were applied on drier sites outside the original geographic study area, overestimates of height growth and under-estimates of site index could result. Therefore, revised height growth and site index equations are presented for western Montana and central Washington. West. J. Appl. For. 4(3):85-88, July 1989.

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