Influence of sulfur coated urea and algae fertilization on productivity of some leguminous crops in sandy soils

Background This studies the influence of algae and coated urea fertilization on the productivity of some leguminous crops in order to reach the best methods of fertilization to get on highest productivity in sandy soils. Results The results proved that both yield and its components a better result in the focus of the SCU + algae than utilizing sulfur-coated fertilizers and algae in both seasons. A large amount extreme yield and straw yield were established with the algae treatment. The outcomes uncovered that SCU + algae improved plant productivity and quality soybean and mungbean seeds. The utilization of SCU + algae expanded protein, carbohydrates and oil %, compared with sulfur-coated urea and algae. Conclusion Along these lines, it could be finished from the results that of SCU + algae with 60 kg N/fed observed to be the best portion to accomplish or gain with exertion the greatest quality.

Effect of Fertilization with Urea and Inhibitors on Growth, Yield and CBD Concentration of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Field experiments were conducted during 2019 in two different locations in Greece (Athens and Farsala) to evaluate the effect of urea and urea fertilization with inhibitors on the agronomic yield and quality characteristics of two cannabis varieties (Cannabis sativa L.), “Uso31”and “Fedora 17”. The experimental design was split-plot with four different fertilization treatments—control, Urea (U), urea with Urease Inhibitor (UI), and urea with Nitrification Inhibitor (NI) and urease inhibitor (UI). The significance of differences between treatments was estimated by using Tukey’s test with a significance level of p = 0.05. The plant height was significantly affected by the different fertilizations and different varieties as well as by the two locations. The maximum plant height was 197 cm for “Fedora 17”in Farsala. The seed yield was higher forthe urea with inhibitors treatment in both varieties. The Cannabidiol (CBD) content was significantly affected by the fertilization—it was higher in urea with inhibitors in “Uso31”and “Fedora 17” treatments. The lowest CBD content value was 1.29% (control) and the highest was 1.69% (urea NI + UI). In conclusion, in both varieties, it seems that urea with inhibitors has a positive effect on their growth, as well as on the increase in cannabidiol (CBD) content.

Interactions between nitrogen fertilization with the growth and leaf macronutrients of citrus rootstocks

Rootstocks of ‘Rangpur’ Lime and ‘Swingle’ Citrumelo were grown in containers with substrate in a greenhouse, aiming to evaluate the effects of N (urea) fertilization on the vegetative growth and macronutrient content of the plant tissue. The experimental design was a factorial randomized block design with four repetitions, and each experimental plot was composed of five plants. Four doses of N (0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 g.plant-1) were evaluated and applied every week (15 applications) to both of the rootstocks. After 200 days of transplanting, the following parameters were evaluated: vegetative growth and total content of macronutrients on the dry weight of the leaves, stems, and roots. ‘Rangpur’ Lime was more vigorous that ‘Swingle’ Citrumelo. ‘Rangpur’ Lime showed the greatest accumulation of plant dry weight with 3.38 g.plant-1 of N and a greater root dry weight with 2.03 g.plant-1. For ‘Swingle’ Citrumelo, 2.03 g.plant-1 of N provided a greater plant dry weight, however, nitrogen fertilization reduced the root:canopy ratio of the rootstocks. The leaf content of N and P were favored by high doses of N in the tested range. Intermediate doses favored the Ca and Mg leaf contents. The leaf K content was decreased by nitrogen fertilization.

Investigation of gene expression diversity in Hypericum spp. before and after flowering under different nitrogen fertilization levels

<p>The traditional medicinal herb, <em>Hypericum perforatum </em>L. has been popular for its pharmaceutical and coloring wealth since the ancient era. A secondary metabolite from the group of naphthodianthrones in <em>Hypericum </em>spp<em>.</em> named hypericin is responsible for the antidepression, anticancer, and antiviral characteristics of this herb. It has been found that several genes are involved in the biosynthesis pathway of hypericin. The <em>hyp-1</em> gene is participating in this biosynthesis path through the conversion of emodin to hypericin. The naphthodianthrones (hypericin and pseudohypericin) in <em>Hypericum</em> are synthesized through the polyketide pathway. In the plants, the enzyme complexes named polyketide synthase (PKS) catalyzes the reactions of polyketide pathways. The genes <em>HpPKS1</em> and <em>HpPKS2</em> are encoding PKS enzyme complexes. In this research, the relative expression of <em>hyp-1</em>, <em>HpPKS1,</em> and <em>HpPKS2</em> genes was compared in root and leaves of <em>Hypericum</em><em> perforatum </em>and<em> H. androsaemum </em>L., before and after flowering under urea fertilization at 24, 48 and 72 hours after irrigation. The highest expression level of all three genes was observed after flowering in the samples of <em>H. perforatum</em> that were fertilized 72 hours after irrigation by 1 g l^-1 urea (<em>hyp-1</em> in roots; <em>HpPKS1</em> and <em>HpPKS2</em> in leaves). The relative expression of <em>hyp-1</em> in the root was greater than in the leaves, but <em>HpPKS1</em> and <em>HpPKS2</em> expression in leaves was higher than in root. The relative expression of all three genes in <em>H. perforatum</em> was higher than in <em>H. androsaemum</em>. By increasing the interval between urea fertilization and irrigation, the relative expression of genes had an increasing trend, also by increasing the amount of urea fertilizer, relative gene expression was increased.</p>

Effect of Manure and Urea Fertilization on Yield, Carbon Speciation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Vegetable Production Systems of Nigeria and Republic of Benin: A Phytotron Study

Fertility management techniques being promoted in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) seek to grow indigenous vegetables economically and sustainably. This study was conducted in a phytotron chamber and compared yield, soil carbon (C) speciation and greenhouse gas (nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2)) emissions from SSA soils of two ecoregions; the dry savanna (lna, Republic of Benin) and rainforest (Ife, Nigeria) cultivated with local amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) under manure (5 t/ha) and/or urea (80 kg N/ha) fertilization. Vegetable yield ranged from 4331 kg/ha to 7900 kg/ha in the rainforest, RF, soils and 3165 kg/ha to 4821 kg/ha in the dry savanna, DS, soils. Yield in the urea treatment was slightly higher compared to the manure, and manure+urea treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant. Cumulative CO2 emissions over 21 days ranged from 497.06 to 579.47 g CO2-C/kg soil/day in the RF, and 322.96 to 624.97 g CO2-C/kg soil/day in the DS, while cumulative N2O emissions ranged from 60.53 to 220.86 mg N2O-N/kg soil/day in the RF, and 24.78 to 99.08 mg N2O-N/kg soil/day in the DS. In the RF samples, when compared to the use of urea alone, the combined use of manure and urea reduced N2O emissions but led to an increase in the DS samples. ATR-FTIR analysis showed that the combined use of manure and manure+urea increased the rate of microbial decomposition in the soils of the DS, but no such effect was observed in soils of the RF. We conclude that combining manure and urea fertilization has different effects on soils of the two ecoregions, and that RF farmers can reduce agricultural N2O emissions without compromising soil productivity and yield potential.

Effect of Manure and Urea Fertilization on Yield, Carbon Speciation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Vegetable Production Systems of Nigeria and Republic of Benin: A Phytotron Study

Fertility management techniques being promoted in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) seek to grow indigenous vegetables economically and sustainably. This study was conducted in a phytotron chamber and compared yield, soil carbon (C) speciation and greenhouse gas (nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2)) emissions from SSA soils of two ecoregions; the dry savanna (lna, Republic of Benin) and rainforest (Ife, Nigeria) cultivated with local amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) under manure (5 t/ha) and/or urea (80 kg N/ha) fertilization. Vegetable yield ranged from 1753 kg/ac to 3198kg/ac in the rainforest, RF, soils and 1281 kg/ac to 1951 kg/ac in the dry savanna, DS, soils. Yield in the urea treatment was slightly higher compared to the manure+urea treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant. Cumulative CO2 emissions over 21 days ranged from 497.06 to 579.47 g CO2 in the RF, and 322.96 to 624.97 g CO2 in the DS, while cumulative N2O emissions ranged from 60.53 to 220.86 mg N2O in the RF, and 24.78 to 99.08 mg N2O in the DS. In the RF samples, the combined use of manure and urea reduced CO2 and N2O emissions but led to an increase in the DS samples. ATR-FTIR analysis showed that the combined use of manure and urea increased the rate of microbial degradation in the soils of the DS, but no such effect was observed in soils of the RF. We conclude that combining manure and urea fertilization has different effects on soils of the two ecoregions, and that RF farmers can reduce agricultural emissions without compromising soil productivity and yield potential.