Chemosystematic studies in the genus Picea (Pinaceae). III. The leaf oil of a Picea glauca × mariana hybrid (Rosendahl spruce)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff ◽  
M. J. Holst
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Picea Species

The terpene composition of the leaf oils of the Rosendahl spruce, white spruce, and black spruce as isolated from provenances derived from Cromwell, Minnesota, was determined by gas–liquid chromatography. The chemical composition was found to reflect the hybrid origin of the Rosendahl spruce. This confirms that the leaf oil composition of Picea species may serve as a biochemical character in chemo systematic studies.

CHEMOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN THE GENUS PICEA (PINACEAE): II. THE LEAF OIL OF PICEA GLAUCA AND P. MARIANA

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1703-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Ecological Differences

The leaf oils from white and black spruce obtained from different locations in Western and Eastern Canada, Michigan, and Minnesota, have been analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Both species were found to have a remarkably consistent and distinctive distribution pattern of the leaf oil terpenes. The quantitative variations encountered in samples of the same species from different populations are relatively small and ecological differences are not found to affect the leaf oil composition. Hence, analysis of spruce leaf oils appears to be highly suitable for a study of introgression and hybridization.

Chemosystematic studies in the genus Picea (Pinaceae). IV. The introgression of white and Engelmann spruce as found along the Bow River

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 901-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Ogilvie ◽  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Quantitative Variation ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Leaf Oil

The leaf oil of the spruces found along the Bow River from the foothills to Bow Summit was analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography. The terpene distribution patterns obtained were compared with the morphological data derived from the cones and twigs of the same trees. The results obtained confirm that typical white spruce occurs at low elevation whereas active hybridization with Engelmann spruce occurs at levels above 5000 ft. Although the trees at the timberline (7200 ft) had predominantly Engelmann spruce characteristics, much variation from tree to tree was encountered. In the terpene composition the quantitative variation was too large to permit conclusions about a typical Engelmann spruce terpene distribution pattern.

CHEMOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN THE GENUS PICEA (PINACEAE): I. INTRODUCTION

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Needle Analysis

The application of volatile leaf oil analyses in chemosystematic studies of North American spruces was investigated. The optimum conditions for sampling and recovery of oil from the foliage of local Picea glauca (Moench) Voss and P. mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. were determined. Each oil was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas–liquid chromatography. Single needle analysis was also employed. No qualitative and relatively little quantitative variation was found to occur at different sides or heights of a single tree, between trees of different ages, nor at different harvest times between late summer and early winter. Hence, conditions have been found which give a characteristic terpene distribution pattern which may serve as an independent chemotaxonomic character.

scholarly journals Cold hardiness of white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, and lodgepole pine needles during dehardening

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Late Winter

Conifer winter damage results primarily from loss of cold hardiness during unseasonably warm days in late winter and early spring, and such damage may increase in frequency and severity under a warming climate. In this study, the dehardening dynamics of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were examined in relation to thermal accumulation during artificial dehardening in winter (December) and spring (March) using relative electrolyte leakage and visual assessment of pine needles and spruce shoots. Results indicated that all four species dehardened at a similar rate and to a similar extent, despite considerably different thermal accumulation requirements. Spring dehardening was comparatively faster, with black spruce slightly hardier than the other conifers at the late stage of spring dehardening. The difference, however, was relatively small and did not afford black spruce significant protection during seedling freezing tests prior to budbreak in late March and early May. The dehardening curves and models developed in this study may serve as a tool to predict cold hardiness by temperature and to understand the potential risks of conifer cold injury during warming–freezing events prior to budbreak.

scholarly journals Composition and Chemical Variability of Ivoirian Xylopia staudtii Leaf Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000
Author(s):  
Thierry Acafou Yapi ◽  
Jean Brice Boti ◽  
Antoine Coffy Ahibo ◽  
Sylvain Sutour ◽  
Ange Bighelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
C Nmr

The chemical composition of a leaf oil sample from Ivoirian Xylopia staudtii Engler & Diels (Annonaceae) has been investigated by a combination of chromatographic [GC(RI)] and spectroscopic (GC-MS, 13C NMR) techniques. Thirty-five components that accounted for 91.8% of the whole composition have been identified. The oil composition was dominated by the furanoguaiadienes furanoguaia-1,4-diene (39.0%) and furanoguaia-1,3-diene (7.5%), and by germacrene D (17.5%). The composition of twelve other leaf oil samples demonstrated qualitative homogeneity, but quantitative variability. Indeed, the contents of the major components varied substantially: furanoguaia-1,4-diene (24.7–51.7%) and germacrene D (5.9–24.8%). The composition of X. staudtii leaf oil is close to that of X. rubescens leaf oil but varied drastically from those of the essential oils isolated from other Xylopia species. 13C NMR spectroscopy appeared as a powerful and complementary tool for analysis of sesquiterpene-rich essential oils.

scholarly journals Site-index Curve Shape in Spruce

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Heger
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Curve Shape ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Maximum Absolute Difference ◽  
Site Index Curve ◽  
Index Curve

Sets of site-index curves were prepared from stem analyses of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and black spruce (P. mariana (Mill.) BSP.) from various regions in the boreal forest of Canada. Ordinates of the site-index curves, computed for 5-year breast-height age intervals up to 75 years, and for 10-foot site-index intervals up to 70 feet, were compared within the species for the same values of site index and age. For breast-height ages below 55 years and for site index below 70 feet, the maximum absolute difference among the ordinates did not exceed 2.0 feet in white spruce, and 1.6 feet in black spruce; the corresponding average deviations were 0.75 and 0.80 feet. For breast-height ages above 55 years, these differences increased with age and, at 75 years, reached 8.8 feet in white spruce, and 3.8 feet in black spruce; the corresponding average deviations were 4.40 and 1.53 feet.

Gas-liquid chromatography of terpenes. Part XVI. The volatile oil of the leaves of Juniperus ashei Buchholz

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Juniperus Ashei ◽  
Methylene Groups ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Ashe Juniper ◽  
First Time ◽  
Unique Chemical

The major components of the leaf oil of the Ashe juniper were found to be d-camphor (42.1 %), d-bornyl acetate (22.5%), d-limonene (8.4%), tricyclene (4.8%), d-camphene (4.4%), d-borneol (2.9%), p-cymene (2.8%), d-α-myrcene (1.8%), d-α-pinene (1.7%), and d-camphene hydrate (1.5%). This appears to be the first time that the latter alcohol has been isolated from a natural source. Smaller amounts of linalool, carvone, elemol, and traces of trans-2-methyl-6-methylene-3,7-octadien-2-ol were also identified. Several alcohols having terminal methylene groups were isolated in trace amounts.The monoterpenes found in this oil are not typical for the genus Juniperus and this result offers a unique chemical approach to the study of introgression of the Ashe juniper with other juniper species.

GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART X. THE VOLATILE OILS OF THE LEAVES OF SITKA AND ENGELMANN SPRUCE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. VON RUDLOFF
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Aliphatic Esters

The leaf oils from Sitka and Engelmann spruce were obtained in 0.36 and 0.094% yield respectively. The average percentage composition was determined by gas–liquid chromatography. Sitka spruce leaf oil was found to contain mainly d-myrcene (23.5%), l-piperitone (23.2%), and d-camphor (17.2%). Smaller amounts of 1,8-cineole, l-β-phellandrene, p-cymene, two aliphatic esters, d-bornyl acetate, d-borneol, and d-terpinen-4-ol were also isolated and several other esters appeared to be present in small amounts. Engelmann spruce leaf oil was found to contain mainly cis-hex-3-en-1-ol (18.5%), d-camphor (16.0%), d-bornyl acetate (8.6%), d-linalool (5.8%), and two unidentified compounds. Smaller amounts of myrcene, β-phellandrene, p-cymene, piperitone, and several sesquiterpenoids were also recorded. Tricyclene, α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene, γ-terpinene, and terpinolene were found in small amounts in both oils.Phylogenetic relationships between the different spruces and other conifers are discussed.

Black and White Spruce Plantings in Minnesota: Container vs Bareroot Stock and Fall vs Spring Planting

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Alm
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Spring Planting ◽  
Better Than

Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) styrob-lock and paperpot and 3-0 and 2-2 seedlings were planted spring and fall. After four seasons of growth the container seedlings had survival and height growth as good or better than the nursery seedlings. There were no differences in performance between the two container systems. The 2-2 stock generally had better survival than the 3-0 stock. Survival of fall-planted stock was equal to or better than that of the spring-planted stock. Key words: white spruce, black spruce, styroplugs, paper pots, seedlings, transplants, artificial regeneration, fall vs spring planting

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