Moisture stress and its effect on photosynthesis in Dicranum polysetum

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 2897-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur L. Peterson ◽  
James M. Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer ◽  
Dicranum Polysetum

The effect of water stress on the moss Dicranum polysetum Sw. was studied in the growth chamber, and water potential (ψ) was found to vary as much as 15 atm between the tip of the plant and areas 2 to 4 cm within the cushion, which suggests that very little water is transported from the base of the stem to its tip. With an infrared gas analyzer it was determined that photosynthesis ceases at −21 to −23 atm and the moss remains dormant until it is rewetted. Upon rewetting, there is a sharp burst of respiration that doubles the normal CO2 output. This burst reached its maximum level of 4 mg CO2 g−1 h−1 within 15 min and was of short duration. Full photosynthetic rate was restored in 8 h.

scholarly journals The Effect of Water Stress on Translocation in Relation to Photosynthesis and Growth

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Effect Of Water

Photosynthetic rate, leaf and root extension, dry weight changes, and the translocation of labelled photosynthates were followed in L. temulentum plants subjected to water shortage at a time when the eighth leaf was expanding.

Application to Woody Plants of a Rapid Method for Determining Leaf CO2 Compensation Concentrations

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Dickmann ◽  
D. H. Gjerstad
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Leaf Ontogeny ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

A rapid method of determining CO2 compensation concentrations was developed and applied to woody plants. Whole leaves, needle fascicles, and twigs were excised, the cut ends inserted in a vial of deionized water, and the assembly placed in a Mylar bag. The bag was filled with air containing ca. 400 p.p.m. CO2. After 1 h in a growth chamber (24 °C, 3800 ft-c (40 660 lux)), the air was expelled from the bag through an infrared gas analyzer. Compensation concentrations determined by this method agreed with values obtained by using conventional closed-circuit gas analysis. The method was successfully applied to 14 gymnosperm and 55 angiosperm woody species and clones, including field-grown plants and rooted cuttings grown under controlled environment. Variation among species was small, compensation concentrations usually falling between 55 and 65 p.p.m. CO2, the range associated with C3 plants. The influence of temperature, moisture stress, and leaf ontogeny on leaf CO2 compensation also was studied.

scholarly journals Cold Hardiness of Evergreen Azaleas Increased by Water Stress Imposed at Three Days

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 848E-848
Author(s):  
Tomasz Anisko ◽  
Orville M. Lindstrom
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Reduced Water

The effect of water stress on cold hardiness was examined in evergreen azaleas, `Coral Bell' (CB), `Hinodegiri' (HD), and `Red Ruffle' (RR). Plants were well-watered between 8 Aug. and 1 Nov. (wet) or were subjected to 3 weeks of reduced water supply starting on one of three dates, 1 Aug. (dry 1), 29 Aug. (dry 2), and 19 Sept. (dry 3). Cold hardiness of leaves and lower, middle, and upper stems was tested on 29 Aug., 19 Sept., 10 Oct., 1 Nov. By the end of each 3-week period, water potential of water stressed plants reached –1.5 to –1.8 MPa compared to around –0.8 MPa of well-watered plants. Reducing the water supply significantly increased cold hardiness of all tested plant parts in all cultivars regardless of timing of watering reduction, with two exceptions, CB middle stems on 29 Aug. and HD leaves on 19 Oct. Three weeks after rewatering cold hardiness of water-stressed plants did not differ significantly from well-watered plants, except for HD plants under dry three treatment, which continued to be 1.0 (middle stems) to 4.3 (upper stems) more cold hardy.

Assessment of the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on drought tolerance of conifer seedlings

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1764-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. David Boyle ◽  
Klaus E. Hellenbrand
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Low Water Potential

Methods were evaluated for comparing the potential of mycorrhizal fungi to increase the performance of conifer seedlings during water stress. The ability of five fungi to grow in pure culture under conditions of low water potential was tested. The same fungal isolates were then assessed in association with jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlings. Mycorrhizal seedlings were subjected to known water stress by exposing their roots to a solution of polyethylene glycol or were planted into systems that allowed the simulation of a drought cycle in a forest soil. The apparent photosynthetic rate or the apparent photosynthetic rate and shoot and root growth were used as measures of seedling performance in the two systems. Fungi that grew well in pure culture under low water potential generally also increased the performance of black spruce. The ability of some fungi to form rhizomorphs extending into the mineral soil layer or to stimulate root growth also correlated with increased performance of black spruce. In contrast, under the experimental conditions used, jack pine showed good performance independent of mycorrhizal status. It is concluded that the screening methods used have value in selecting plant–fungus combinations that have potential to increase performance of conifer seedlings under drought stress. Key words: ectomycorrhizae, conifers, drought, Pinus, Picea.

scholarly journals Effects of Three Levels of Midday Stem Water Potential on Chandler Walnut Growth and Yield in California

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 814C-814
Author(s):  
Richard P. Buchner* ◽  
Allan Fulton ◽  
Bruce Lampinen ◽  
Ken Shackel ◽  
Terry Prichard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Stem Water

Ninth leaf California Chandler Walnuts (Juglans regia) on Northern California Black (Juglans hindsii) or Paradox (English/black hybrid) rootstock were irrigated to achieve three levels of Midday Stem Water Potential (MSWP). Target potentials were: 1) low water stress (average MSWP of -3.2 bars); 2) mild water stress (average MSWP of -6.2 bars); and 3) moderate water stress (average MSWP of -7.3 bars). Stem Water Potential was measured midday (12-4 pm) by placing leaves inside water impervious, light blocking foil bags. Leaves remained bagged for at least ten minutes to achieve equilibrium. Bagged leaves were removed, placed inside a pressure chamber and stem water potential was measured at endpoint. Data are presented for the 2002 and 2003 seasons. Withholding irrigation water had a significant impact on `Chandler' growth, productivity, and profitability particularly on young, vigorously growing trees. Chandler/Black appears to be more tolerant to water stress compared to Chandler/Paradox For Chandler on Paradox, water stress significantly reduced growth, yield, price per pound, percent edible kernel, and resulted in darker kernels. In addition, water stress significantly increased the total percent offgrade. Withholding irrigation does not appear to be a good strategy in young, vigorously growing `Chandler' orchards. Mature trees and trees grafted onto Northern California black rootstock may be more tolerant of moisture stress.

The Effect of Water Stress on the Physiological Characters and Growth of Abelia grandiflora 'Francis Mason'

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 1204-1208
Author(s):  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Fei Yong Liao ◽  
Qing Fang Xia ◽  
Yu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Mild Drought ◽  
Physiological Characters

With the characteristics of great ornamental value and strong adaptability, Abelia grandiflora 'Francis Mason' is widely used in the garden. For the shortage of water in some garden and landscape spaces, the effect of water stress on the physiology of Abelia grandiflora 'Francis Mason' was tested to ascertain the optimum irrigation of it. The results showed that water flood suppressed the growth of the plants seriously after treated for 58 days, which embodied in the dramatic decline of Fv /Fm, Fv'/Fm', ETR, qP, chlorophyll and net photosynthetic rate. Treating with drought for 50 days was proved to be beneficial for the growth of the plants, for the Fv /Fm, Fv'/Fm', ETR, qP, chlorophyll were increased. But these fluorescence parameters were decreased 60 days later and the plants were dead in 90-days drought stress. Water treatment had the most significant impact on the plants whlie mild drought stress a little.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Stress on the Physiological Characteristics of Five Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Iakovos Kalamartzis ◽  
George Menexes ◽  
Pantazis Georgiou ◽  
Christos Dordas
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Effect Of Water

Water stress in one of the most important abiotic stresses that affects the productivity of many crop species worldwide. In addition, the climate change creates new challenges for crop adaptation especially as water resources become limited and the increase in water stress becomes more pronounced even in areas where there is adequate water supply. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of water stress on physiological characteristics of five cultivars of basil under field conditions. Water stress affected leaf temperature, dry herb yield, leaf water potential, assimilation rate and gas exchange parameters, quantum yield, instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE), and essential oil content. From the physiological characteristics water potential and assimilation rate can be used for the selection of basil cultivars tolerant to water stress. In addition, essential oil content was lower under water stress indicating that essential oil content is correlated with water availability. From the present study it is obvious that there are tolerant basil cultivars to water stress and can be found using physiological traits such as water potential and assimilation rate and can be used to save and use water more sustainable and also conserve the water resources.

Effect of Water Stress on Photosynthetic Parameters of Soybean (Glycine max) and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip H. Munger ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
J. Tom Cothren
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to elucidate the effects of water stress on photosynthetic parameters of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hutton′] and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH). Stomatal conductance of both species responded curvilinearly to reductions in leaf water potential. At leaf water potentials less negative than −2.5 MPa, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate were greater in velvetleaf than in soybean. Soybean photosynthetic rate was linearly related to stomatal conductance. Velvetleaf photosynthetic rate increased linearly with stomatal conductances up to 1.5 cm s–1; however, no increase in photosynthetic rate was observed at stomatal conductances greater than 1.5 cm s–1, indicating nonstomatal limitations to photosynthesis. As water stress intensified, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration of velvetleaf declined more rapidly than in soybean.

scholarly journals TRANSPIRAÇÃO FOLIAR E CONDUTÂNCIA ESTOMÁTICA DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR EM FUNÇÃO DO CLIMA E DISPONIBILIDADE DE ÁGUA

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-689
Author(s):  
Gustavo Cavalari Barboza ◽  
José Teixeira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

TRANSPIRAÇÃO FOLIAR E CONDUTÂNCIA ESTOMÁTICA DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR EM FUNÇÃO DO CLIMA E DISPONIBILIDADE DE ÁGUA  GUSTAVO CAVALARI BARBOZA¹ E JOSÉ TEIXEIRA FILHO² ¹ Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, UNICAMP – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas- SP – Brasil. CEP:13083-875, [email protected]. ² Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, UNICAMP – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas- SP – Brasil. CEP:13083-875, [email protected].  1 RESUMO Diversos trabalhos utilizam da porometria como metodologia para quantificar a transferência de água para a atmosfera. No entanto, para a cana-de-açúcar essa metodologia é escassa. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi verificar o comportamento da transpiração foliar (E) e da condutância estomática (Gs) da cana-de-açúcar em função da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (PAR) e do deficit de pressão de vapor (DPV), e correlacionar com os diferentes potenciais hídricos das plantas (Ψpd). Esse experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, no qual foi instalada uma parcela de cana-de-açúcar, variedade RB867515 e utilizado o analisador automático de fotossíntese - IRGA LI6400XT, na escala horária. A partir dos resultados, conclui-se que os valores de E e Gs estão correlacionados positivamente com as condições meteorológicas e também com a disponibilidade de água no solo. Palavras-chave: Trocas gasosas, potencial hídrico foliar, radiação fotossinteticamente ativa.  BARBOZA, G. C.; TEIXEIRA FILHO, J.LEAF TRANSPIRATION AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE OF SUGARCANE IN FUNCTION OF WEATHER AND AVAILABILITY OF WATER  2 ABSTRACT There are several studies using porometry as method to quantify the transfer of water to the atmosphere. However, for sugarcane this methodology is scarce. The objective of the study was to investigate the behavior of leaf transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of sugarcane in function of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and vapour-pressure deficit (VPD), and to correlate with the different water potential of plants (Ψpd). This experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering/UNICAMP, where was installed a parcel of sugarcane, RB867515 variety was installed, and a infrared gas analyzer - IRGA LI6400XT was used in hourly scale. Based on the results, it is concluded that the values of E and Gs are positively correlated with the weather conditions and with the availability of water in the soil. Keywords: Gas Exchange, leaf water potential, photosynthetically active radiation.

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