Vegetation–environment relations in a brackish marsh, Lulu Island, Richmond, B.C.

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Distichlis Spicata ◽  
High Marsh ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Fraser River Delta ◽  
Triglochin Maritimum

A study of plant–environment relations was conducted on the foreshore marshes of Lulu Island in the Fraser River delta. Analysis of tidal records indicated that the marsh platform could be subdivided into three elevational zones: a low marsh dominated by Scirpus americanus and S. maritimus; a middle marsh dominated by Carex lyngbyei, Triglochin maritimum, and S. maritimus; and a high marsh community of Agrostis exarata, Potentilla pacifica, Distichlis spicata, and Typha latifolia. This is interpreted as a successional sequence. The low marsh experiences a maximum continuous submergence of 21–16 h, the middle marsh a maximum of 8 h, and the high marsh a maximum continuous exposure of > 200 h. ANOVA results demonstrate the overwhelming importance of elevation (Typha, Potentilla, Distichlis) and elevation–salinity interactions (Scirpus spp., Carex, Agrostis) as controls on plant distribution. In addition substrate texture and moisture content are significantly associated with variations in species abundance. The Lulu Island marshes are floristically and ecologically similar to estuarine and deltaic marshes of Washington and Oregon. Variations in vegetation and successional pattern within this group are likely a function of fluvial regimes, which influence salinity and sediment characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Diversity on Forest Plant Species Abundance: A Case Study from Central-European Highlands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Pavel Samec ◽  
Jiří Volánek ◽  
Miloš Kučera ◽  
Pavel Cudlín
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Soil Diversity ◽  
Abiotic Environment ◽  
Soil Group ◽  
Biogeographical Regions ◽  
Forest Distribution

Plant distribution is most closely associated with the abiotic environment. The abiotic environment affects plant species’ abundancy unevenly. The asymmetry is further deviated by human interventions. Contrarily, soil properties preserve environmental influences from the anthropogenic perturbations. The study examined the supra-regional similarities of soil effects on plant species’ abundance in temperate forests to determine: (i) spatial relationships between soil property and forest-plant diversity among geographical regions; (ii) whether the spatial dependencies among compared forest-diversity components are influenced by natural forest representation. The spatial dependence was assessed using geographically weighted regression (GWR) of soil properties and plant species abundance from forest stands among 91 biogeographical regions in the Czech Republic (Central Europe). Regional soil properties and plant species abundance were acquired from 7550 national forest inventory plots positioned in a 4 × 4 km grid. The effect of natural forests was assessed using linear regression between the sums of squared GWR residues and protected forest distribution in the regions. Total diversity of forest plants is significantly dependent on soil-group representation. The soil-group effect is more significant than that of bedrock bodies, most of all in biogeographical regions with protected forest representation >50%. Effects of soil chemical properties were not affected by protected forest distribution. Spatial dependency analysis separated biogeographical regions of optimal forest plant diversity from those where inadequate forest-ecosystem diversity should be increased alongside soil diversity.

Some aspects of the vegetation ecology of the Nanoose–Bonell estuary, Vancouver Island, British Columbia

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil K. Dawe ◽  
Eric R. White
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Distichlis Spicata ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Salicornia Virginica ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Triglochin Maritimum ◽  
Water Elevation

A study of the vegetation of the Nanoose – Bonell salt marsh, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, was conducted during the period of May – September 1978. A total of 49 species of vascular plants was identified, 10 of which dominated the flora of the estuarine marsh. Six of those dominant species (Distichlis spicata, Glaux maritima, Salicornia virginica, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, and Atriplex patula) are tolerant of high salinities. Eight plant communities were identified and mapped within the study area. Aerial biomass was dominated by that of the Carex – channel edge community with a peak aboveground biomass of 1259 g dry weight/m2. Major factors affecting the occurrence and distribution of species within the marsh were salinity of the inundating water, elevation of the marsh platform, and soil texture.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND RECOVERY OF A HIGH MARSH PIPELINE OIL SPILL AND BURN SITE, UPPER COPANO BAY, TEXAS

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Tunnell ◽  
Beau Hardegree ◽  
David W. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Distichlis Spicata ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
High Marsh ◽  
Climax Species ◽  
Marsh Area ◽  
General Land Office ◽  
And Control ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT On January 7, 1992, a rupture in an underground oil transfer pipeline resulted in a spill of about 2,950 bbl (469 m3) of crude oil into a high marsh community near Chiltipin Creek, San Patricio County, Texas. Authorization for burning the oil, as a cleanup method, was given by the Texas General Land Office (the designated state on-scene coordinator). The environmental impact of the spill and ensuing burn on this high marsh has been assessed by monitoring changes in the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of the associated floral community and soil over time. Ultimately 6.5 ha of oil and vegetation of the 15.5 ha surrounded by sorbent booms were burned, causing them to become barren. These bare patches produced by the burn were rapidly colonized by grasses, mainly Distichlis spicata. Secondary succession by perennial climax species is slow, resulting in significantly lower species diversity and biomass in the oiled and burned area even after 30 months. Significant changes within, and interactions between, impacted and control areas were determined using repeated measures MANOVA. TPH measurements made in December 1992 and repeated in July 1993 show consistent decreases. The obvious disadvantages of burning as a cleanup method in this high marsh area are the substantial initial damage to plants and the high residual hydrocarbon levels in the sediment.

Toxic effects of inhaled DMMP on the kidneys of Fischer-344 rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
D.R. Mattie ◽  
C.J. Hixson
Keyword(s):  
Left Kidney ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Fischer 344 Rats ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Fischer 344

Dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP) is a simple organophosphate used industrially as a flame retardant and to lower viscosity in polyester and epoxy resins. The military considered the use of DMMP as a nerve gas simulant. Since military use of DMMP involved exposure by inhalation, there was a need for a subchronic inhalation exposure to DMMP to fully investigate its toxic potential.Male Fischer-344 rats were exposed to 25 ppm or 250 ppm DMMP vapor on a continuous basis for 90 days. An equal number of control rats were sham-exposed. Following the 90-day continuous exposure period, 15 male rats were sacrificed from each group. Two rats from each group had the left kidney perfused for electron microscopic examination. The kidneys were perfused from a height of 150 cm water with 1% glutaraldehyde in Sorensen's 0.1M phosphate buffer pH 7.2. An additional kidney was taken from a rat in each group and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.4. A portion of the 9 kidneys collected for electron microscopy were processed into Epon 812. Thin sections, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, were examined with a JEOL 100B Transmission Electron Microscope. Microvilli height was measured on photographs of the cells of proximal tubules. This data, along with morphologic features of the cells, allows the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) to be identified as being S1, S2, or S3 segment PCT.

Some Curious Facts in Plant Distribution

1896 ◽  
Vol 41 (1065supp) ◽  
pp. 17016-17017
Author(s):  
W. Botting Hemsley
Keyword(s):  
Plant Distribution

Patterns in diversity and composition of the microbenthos of subarctic intertidal beaches with different morphodynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
AI Azovsky ◽  
YA Mazei ◽  
MA Saburova ◽  
PV Sapozhnikov
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundance Ratio ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Sediment Properties ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Similar Mode ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Diversity and composition of benthic diatom algae and ciliates were studied at several beaches along the White and Barents seas: from highly exposed, reflective beaches with coarse-grained sands to sheltered, dissipative silty-sandy flats. For diatoms, the epipelic to epipsammic species abundance ratio was significantly correlated with the beach index and mean particle size, while neither α-diversity measures nor mean cell length were related to beach properties. In contrast, most of the characteristics of ciliate assemblages (diversity, total abundance and biomass, mean individual weight and percentage of karyorelictids) demonstrated a strong correlation to beach properties, remaining low at exposed beaches but increasing sharply in more sheltered conditions. β-diversity did not correlate with beach properties for either diatoms or ciliates. We suggest that wave action and sediment properties are the main drivers controlling the diversity and composition of the intertidal microbenthos. Diatoms and ciliates, however, demonstrated divergent response to these factors. Epipelic and epipsammic diatoms exhibited 2 different strategies to adapt to their environments and therefore were complementarily distributed along the environmental gradient and compensated for each other in diversity. Most ciliates demonstrated a similar mode of habitat selection but differed in their degree of tolerance. Euryporal (including mesoporal) species were relatively tolerant to wave action and therefore occurred under a wide range of beach conditions, though their abundance and diversity were highest in fine, relatively stable sediments on sheltered beaches, whereas the specific interstitial (i.e. genuine microporal) species were mostly restricted to only these habitats.

John Lloyd Williams (1854–1945): profile of a Snowdonian botanist

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Dewi Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Major Study ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Nineteenth

John Lloyd Williams was an authority on the arctic-alpine flora of Snowdonia during the late nineteenth century when plant collecting was at its height, but unlike other botanists and plant collectors he did not fully pursue the fashionable trend of forming a complete herbarium. His diligent plant-hunting in a comparatively little explored part of Snowdonia led to his discovering a new site for the rare Killarney fern (Trichomanes speciosum), a feat which was considered a major achievement at the time. For most part of the nineteenth century plant distribution, classification and forming herbaria, had been paramount in the learning of botany in Britain resulting in little attention being made to other aspects of the subject. However, towards the end of the century many botanists turned their attention to studying plant physiology, a subject which had advanced significantly in German laboratories. Rivalry between botanists working on similar projects became inevitable in the race to be first in print as Lloyd Williams soon realized when undertaking his major study on the cytology of marine algae.

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