Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with native tall grass prairie and cultivated winter wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 2140-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Daniels Hetrick ◽  
J. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

More vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungal species and significantly more fungal spores were recovered from undisturbed prairie soils than four winter wheat field soils in Kansas through the 1980–1981 growing season. Two previously undescribed sporocarpic species of Endogonaceae were found in prairie samples but have not been successfully established in pot culture, leaving the genus to which they belong unclear. Though variable, 11–50% VAM root colonization was evident in all prairie grass roots sampled throughout the year. In contrast, no identifiable VAM root colonization was evident in wheat until May after flowering when 27% root colonization was observed. During the 1981–1982 growing season, roots of two other wheat fields were sampled with similar results. No colonization occurred until May when 8% root colonization was evident. The possible influence of such low levels of root colonization occurring quite late in the growing season of winter wheat is discussed.

Effects of different vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of Fraxinusamericana

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Furlan ◽  
J. André Fortin ◽  
Christian Plenchette
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Glomus Sp

White ash seedlings (Fraxinusamericana L.) were inoculated with five species of endomycorrhizal fungi. On the 2nd week after transplantation, growth of inoculated plants differed from control plants. Growth also differed between each fungal species used, but the difference decreased after 82 days of culture. Only dry mass remained higher in plants inoculated with Glomusepigaeum Daniels & Trappe, Glomus sp. No. 3, and Glomusmonosporum Gerd. & Trappe. A significant growth enhancement was obtained even with a low level of root colonization.

Occurrence of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alberta, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Spore Walls ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Three V A mycorrhizal fungal species were isolated from soils in Alberta, Canada and examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Mature spores of Glomus aggregatum developed an outer hyaline wall which contained lower levels of calcium than the middle wall. Examination of G. pansihalos spores revealed a lower level of calcium in the outer evanescent wall as compared to the ornamented wall. When spores of Entrophospora infrequens were examined, the wall of the vesicle was found to contain similar levels of calcium as the ornamented wall of the spore. The significance of the results concerning the presence of calcium in mycorrhizal spore walls is discussed, as is the occurrence of the mycorrhizal species.

Development of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae in a young sweetgum plantation

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul P. Kormanik
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development ◽  
Crown Closure ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

Sweetgum seedlings with vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by Glomusetunicatum or Glomusdeserticola in nursery soil with 30 ppm available phosphorus (P) and nonmycorrhizal seedlings grown in nursery soil with 800 ppm available P were outplanted and whole trees were excavated periodically over the next 5 years in the plantation to follow mycorrhizal development. Four months after outplanting, roots of all initially nonmycorrhizal seedlings had formed vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae and the degree of root colonization was comparable to that of initially vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal seedlings. New feeder roots did not develop on seedlings of any treatment until almost 5 months after planting. By the end of the first growing season and for the remainder of the study, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae development was approximately the same on all seedlings. The proportion of feeder roots colonized by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi stabilized at 65 to 70%; approximately 56% of the cortical tissues of all feeder roots were colonized with arbuscles, vesicles, and hyphae. Periodic assays of the soil in the plantation showed that vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores gradually declined from an initial high of 3600 spores to 620 spores per 100-cm3 soil sample after 5 years. This decline was probably caused by crown closure of the sweetgum trees which gradually suppressed understory vegetation.

The mycorrhizal dependency of four hardwood tree species

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Pope ◽  
W. R. Chaney ◽  
J. D. Rhodes ◽  
S. H. Woodhead
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Hardwood Tree

Seedlings of four hardwood tree species were inoculated with six species of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae, G. fasciculatum, G. etunicatum, G. macrocarpum, G. epigaeum, and Gigaspora margarita) and grown for 16 weeks in a soil low in available phosphorus. Mycorrhizal dependency values were greatest for Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. followed by Liquidambar styraciflua L., Liriodendron tulipifera L., and Platanus occidentalis L. and were significantly influenced by the fungal species. For all tree species, inoculation with G. macrocarpum resulted in the highest mycorrhizal dependency values. An inverse correlation was observed between root fibrosity of noninoculated control plants and the mycorrhizal dependency values of each tree species.

DISTRIBUTION OF VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN SOILS POLLUTED WITH INDUSTRIAL AND SEWAGE EFFLUENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
JAYRAJ PANDEY ◽  
INDU SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sewage Effluents ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

The microbial communities including VAM fungi get affected by the sewage and industrial effluent. About this there is not much information. Soil polluted with sewage effluents supported less VAM population than non-polluted. 44 VAM fungal species were collected and indentified.

Seasonal colonization of winter wheat in South Coastal British Columbia by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Cade-Menun ◽  
Shannon M. Berch ◽  
A. A. Bomke
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Colonization Patterns ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Seasonal colonization patterns of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at four sites were monitored in the roots of winter wheat through the October to August growing season, as were a variety of environmental factors which might influence these patterns. Fall colonization was observed at the two sites which were the most highly colonized at all five harvests. The other two sites were not colonized until late spring and never attained high levels of colonization. Soil phosphorus, soil moisture, and plant physiology were shown to be most highly correlated with these patterns, while temperature was not believed to be an important factor. Key words: endomycorrhiza, Glomus, Sclerocystis, Acaulospora, Scutellospora.

A comparison of spatial heterogeneity of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in two maple-forest soils

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1472-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Klironomos ◽  
Peter Moutoglis ◽  
Bryce Kendrick ◽  
Paul Widden
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Total Length ◽  
External Hyphae ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Spore Densities

The variations in the numbers of propagules and in the colonization rates of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils of two sugar maple forests, one near Waterloo in southern Ontario, the other near Lacolle in southern Quebec, were investigated. Both forests comprised similar plant communities, and in each case the most numerous mycorrhizal spores were identified as those of Glomus macrocarpum, Glomus geosporum, and Acaulospora foveata. In both forests, root colonization and length of hyphae in soil peaked in spring and again in autumn, and spore densities were highest in autumn and gradually decreased during the rest of the year. Mean percent root colonization at Lacolle was twice as high as at Waterloo, and mean spore densities were almost 10 times higher. In contrast, average total length of hyphae in the soil was approximately 10 times higher at Waterloo than at Lacolle. Sporulation by G. macrocarpum was positively correlated with soil organic matter content, and sporulation by A. foveata was negatively correlated with increasing pH. Root colonization was not correlated with spore densities but was positively correlated with the total length of hyphae in the soil. Relationships among root colonization, production of external hyphae, and spore abundance in natural ecosystems are discussed. Key words: vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae, Acer saccharum, environmental influences.

scholarly journals Diversity of vam in soils used to cultivate sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in Tabasco, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mepivoseth Castelán-Estrada ◽  
Emeterio Payró de la Cruz ◽  
Guadalupe De los Santos-López ◽  
Samuel Córdova-Sánchez ◽  
Juan F. Gómez-Leyva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Santa Rosalia

E Objective: A study was carried out in the Ingenio Santa Rosalía sugar mill supply area with the aim of identifying the soil subunits cultivated with sugar cane and to quantify the degree of mycorrhization of Saccharum officinarum. Design/Methodology/Approach: Rhizosphere samples were collected at a depth of 0-30 cm and root segments with diameters of ≤ 1 mm and 1-2.0 mm were studied. The intersect method and the fungal structures method were comparatively analyzed to determine the mycotrophic state of the roots. The study also quantified the number of spores in the soils and classified the morpho-species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM). Results: The results show that seven soil subunits exist in the area, but the intersect method did not detect differences in colonization by root diameter or by root colonization ( = 68.5%). For its part, the fungal structures method showed differences in colonization between soil subunits ( = 69.5%), being higher in thin roots, and statistical differences wer found for vesicles and spores. At the sites, an average of 696 spores was quantified per 100 g of soil, which indicates a high presence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the study area. Finally, six species of mycorrhizae were identified, of which four are present in various soil subunits: Glomus aff. deserticola, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus viscosum, and Paraglomus occultum. Study Limitations/Implications: This was an exploratory study that indicates the potential of VAM. Findings/Conclusions: The presence of hyphae, vesicles, arbuscules, and spores indicates that there is an active mycotrophic process between VAM and sugarcane cultivation in the soils of the study area.

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