Characterization of the ozone response of potato leaf protoplasts

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1936-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Illman ◽  
E. J. Pell
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Leaf Protoplasts

Ozone response of Solanum tuberosum L. leaf protoplasts was characterized to better understand the cellular effects of this important air pollutant. 'Norchip' and 'Cherokee' potato cultivars relatively tolerant of and sensitive to ozone, respectively, were studied. Protoplasts were exposed to ozone, air, or oxygen for 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, or 15 min. Two criteria, lysis and fluorescein diacetate staining, were used to measure protoplast response. Protoplasts exposed to ozone exhibited a significant increase in lysis and reduction in fluorescein diacetate staining during the first 10 min of exposure. During the following 5 min there were no further significant changes in lysis or fluorescein diacetate staining. The two ozone responses paralleled each other, probably reflecting two different nonsequential cellular effects. Neither oxygen nor air elicited the protoplast responses observed after ozone exposure. The relative differences in ozone response observed in intact plants of 'Norchip' and 'Cherokee' were not observed in experiments performed with protoplasts of these cultivars. The experimental results reported herein illustrate the importance of the plasma membrane to the ozone response but do not support its role in explaining the differential tolerance of the two potato cultivars studied.

scholarly journals The Leaf Wettability of Various Potato Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Ewa Papierowska ◽  
Jan Szatyłowicz ◽  
Stanisław Samborski ◽  
Joanna Szewińska ◽  
Elżbieta Różańska
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Leaf Wettability

Leaf wettability has an impact on a plant’s ability to retain water on its leaf surface, which in turn has many environmental consequences. In the case of the potato leaf (Solanum tuberosum L.), water on the leaf surface may contribute to the development of a fungal disease. If fungal disease is caused, this may reduce the size of potato harvests, which contribute significantly to meeting global food demand. The aim of this study was to assess the leaf wettability of five potato cultivars (i.e., Bryza, Lady Claire, Rudawa, Russet Burbank, Sweet Caroline) in the context of its direct and indirect impact on potato yield. Leaf wettability was assessed on the basis of contact angle measurements using a sessile drop method with an optical goniometer. For Bryza and Rudawa cultivars, which showed, respectively, the highest and the lowest contact angle values, light microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed. The results of the contact angle measurements and microscopic image analyses of the potato leaf surfaces indicated that the level of wettability was closely related to the type of trichomes on the leaf and their density. Therefore, higher resistance of the Rudawa cultivar to biotic stress conditions could be the result of the presence of two glandular trichome types (VI and VII), which produce and secrete metabolites containing various sticky and/or toxic chemicals that may poison or repel herbivores.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF 18S RIBOSOMAL RNA FRAGMENT FROM Solanum tuberosum L. var. Granola POTATO

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Yunior William Susanto ◽  
Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum ◽  
Siti Nur Jannah ◽  
Sri Rustini
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Fragment ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Pcr Method

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a prime horticultural commodity. One of the varieties of potato that widely cultivated in Indonesia is Granola. This study characterized the variety Granola based on the 18S sequences of rRNA gene fragment. The 18S sequences were used to distinguish the Granola and determine the differentiating characters from other Solanum based on those sequences data. The characterization was completed in three main steps including DNA isolation from potato leaf using Doyle & Doyle method, amplification of the 18S gene fragment, and DNA sequencing. The amplification of 18S gene fragment by a PCR method obtained 528 bp sequences. The BLAST search using NCBI web service confirmed that Granola potato has 99% matching sequence with S. tuberosum. The phylogenetic reconstruction further indicates the S. tuberosum var. Granola used in this study deeply nested with the reference sequence X67238.1, a potato from Europe.

scholarly journals Characterization of Local Products for Their Industrial Use: The Case of Italian Potato Cultivars Analyzed by Untargeted and Targeted Methodologies

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1216
Author(s):  
Cinzia Ingallina ◽  
Mattia Spano ◽  
Anatoly P. Sobolev ◽  
Cristina Esposito ◽  
Cristina Santarcangelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Blue Star ◽  
Italian Regions

The chemical characterization of local Italian potato cultivars is reported to promote their preservation and use as high quality raw material in food industries. Twenty potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars from Piedmont and Liguria Italian regions were investigated using NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and RP-HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn (Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detector and Electrospray Ionization Mass Detector) methodologies. Water soluble and lipophilic metabolites were identified and quantified. With respect to literature data, a more complete 1H (protonic) spectral assignment of the aqueous potato extracts was reported, whereas the 1H NMR assignment of potato organic extracts was reported here for the first time. Phenolics resulted to be in high concentrations in the purple–blue colored Rouge des Flandres, Bergerac, Fleur Bleu, and Blue Star cultivars. Servane, Piatlina, and Malou showed the highest amount of galacturonic acid, a marker of pectin presence, whereas Jelly cultivar was characterized by high levels of monosaccharides. Roseval and Rubra Spes contained high levels of citric acid involved in the inhibition of the enzymatic browning in fresh-cut potato. High levels of the amino acids involved in the formation of pleasant-smell volatile compounds during potato cooking were detected in Rouge des Flandres, Blue Star, Bergerac, Roseval, and Ratte cultivars. These results suggest that each local cultivar is characterized by a proper chemical profile related to specific proprieties that can be useful to obtain high quality industrial products.

scholarly journals Persistent rhinitis and epithelial remodeling induced by cyclic ozone exposure in the nasal airways of infant monkeys

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (2) ◽  
pp. L242-L254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan A. Carey ◽  
Carol A. Ballinger ◽  
Charles G. Plopper ◽  
Ruth J. McDonald ◽  
Alfred A. Bartolucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Epithelial Hyperplasia ◽  
Nasal Airways ◽  
Airway Injury

Children chronically exposed to high levels of ozone (O3), the principal oxidant pollutant in photochemical smog, are more vulnerable to respiratory illness and infections. The specific factors underlying this differential susceptibility are unknown but may be related to air pollutant-induced nasal alterations during postnatal development that impair the normal physiological functions (e.g., filtration and mucociliary clearance) serving to protect the more distal airways from inhaled xenobiotics. In adult animal models, chronic ozone exposure is associated with adaptations leading to a decrease in airway injury. The purpose of our study was to determine whether cyclic ozone exposure induces persistent morphological and biochemical effects on the developing nasal airways of infant monkeys early in life. Infant (180-day-old) rhesus macaques were exposed to 5 consecutive days of O3 [0.5 parts per million (ppm), 8 h/day; “1-cycle”] or filtered air (FA) or 11 biweekly cycles of O3 (FA days 1– 9; 0.5 ppm, 8 h/day on days 10– 14; “11-cycle”). The left nasal passage was processed for light microscopy and morphometric analysis. Mucosal samples from the right nasal passage were processed for GSH, GSSG, ascorbate (AH2), and uric acid (UA) concentration. Eleven-cycle O3 induced persistent rhinitis, squamous metaplasia, and epithelial hyperplasia in the anterior nasal airways of infant monkeys, resulting in a 39% increase in the numeric density of epithelial cells. Eleven-cycle O3 also induced a 65% increase in GSH concentrations at this site. The persistence of epithelial hyperplasia was positively correlated with changes in GSH. These results indicate that early life ozone exposure causes persistent nasal epithelial alterations in infant monkeys and provide a potential mechanism for the increased susceptibility to respiratory illness exhibited by children in polluted environments.

Functional characterization of the pollen-specific SBgLR promoter from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Planta ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihong Lang ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Jingjuan Yu ◽  
Guangming Ao ◽  
Qian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Functional Characterization

Characterization of particle composition, organic vapor constituents, and mutagenicity of indoor air pollutant emissions

1986 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Sexton ◽  
Lurance M. Webber ◽  
Steven B. Hayward ◽  
Richard G. Sextro
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Particle Composition ◽  
Organic Vapor

Gene–environment interactions increase the risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis associated with ozone pollution

2022 ◽  
pp. 135245852110699
Author(s):  
Amin Ziaei ◽  
Amy M Lavery ◽  
Xiaorong MA Shao ◽  
Cameron Adams ◽  
T Charles Casper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
County Level ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Ozone Level ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pediatric Onset

Background: We previously reported a relationship between air pollutants and increased risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS). Ozone is an air pollutant that may play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathoetiology. CD86 is the only non-HLA gene associated with POMS for which expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is changed in response to ozone exposure. Objectives: To examine the association between county-level ozone and POMS, and the interactions between ozone pollution, CD86, and HLA- DRB1*15, the strongest genetic variant associated with POMS. Methods: Cases and controls were enrolled in the Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors for Pediatric MS study of the US Network of Pediatric MS Centers. County-level-modeled ozone data were acquired from the CDC’s Environmental Tracking Network. Participants were assigned ozone values based on county of residence. Values were categorized into tertiles based on healthy controls. The association between ozone tertiles and having MS was assessed by logistic regression. Interactions between tertiles of ozone level and the GG genotype of the rs928264 (G/A) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within CD86, and the presence of DRB1*15:01 ( DRB1*15) on odds of POMS were evaluated. Models were adjusted for age, sex, genetic ancestry, and mother’s education. Additive interaction was estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportions (APs) of disease were calculated. Results: A total of 334 POMS cases and 565 controls contributed to the analyses. County-level ozone was associated with increased odds of POMS (odds ratio 2.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69–3.59 and 1.95, 95% CI: 1.32–2.88 for the upper two tertiles, respectively, compared with the lowest tertile). There was a significant additive interaction between high ozone tertiles and presence of DRB1*15, with a RERI of 2.21 (95% CI: 0.83–3.59) and an AP of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.33–0.79). Additive interaction between high ozone tertiles and the CD86 GG genotype was present, with a RERI of 1.60 (95% CI: 0.14–3.06) and an AP of 0.37 (95% CI: 0.001–0.75) compared to the lowest ozone tertile. AP results indicated that approximately half of the POMS risk in subjects can be attributed to the possible interaction between higher county-level ozone carrying either DRB1*15 or the CD86 GG genotype. Conclusions: In addition to the association between high county-level ozone and POMS, we report evidence for additive interactions between higher county-level ozone and DRB1*15 and the CD86 GG genotype. Identifying gene–environment interactions may provide mechanistic insight of biological processes at play in MS susceptibility. Our work suggests a possible role of APCs for county-level ozone-induced POMS risk.

Isolation and molecular characterization of a new vegetative MADS-box gene from Solanum tuberosum L.

Planta ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 207 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Carmona ◽  
Nely Ortega ◽  
Federico Garcia-Maroto
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Gene

scholarly journals Characterization of Streptomyces scabies isolates from potato tubers its pathogenic variations in Rawalpindi District

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Shazia ◽  
F. Naz ◽  
A. Rauf ◽  
M. Inam-ul-Haq ◽  
S. Bushra
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Streptomyces Scabies ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Important Disease

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has various biotic constraints in its production due to pest attack. Among these, common scab caused by streptomyces scabies is an important disease in potato which causes economic loss with respect to plant yield and quality of tubers. The present study was conducted to determine the pathogenicity, pathogenic variation, characterization of morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects of Streptomyces associated with potato tubers grown in Rawalpindi district. Severity data and pathogenic variation of disease was studied by using different isolation and characterization techniques.

scholarly journals Production high class of micro tuber potato seeds (Solanum tuberosum L.). by Using tissue culture technique

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
A.A. Al-jibouri ◽  
A.A. Al-salhay
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Condition Numbers ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
High Class ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
Elisa Technique

The aim of this investigation was produced micro tubers of four potato cultivars Premiere, Bintje, Estima and Escort in vitro. Apical meristems (0.2-0.4 mm) of potato cultivars were excised and cultured on nutrient medium and incubated at 24±2 Cº and 1000 lux light intensity for 16 hrs per day. The developing plantlets were examined serological by using ELISA technique to eliminate the viral infected plantlets. The virus-free plantlets were chopped into pieces with single bud and re cultured on fresh medium for mass propagation. For micro tubers formation in test tubes, the cultures were transferred to another medium containing a high percent of sucrose (60g/L) with different concentrations of kinetin; the cultures were incubated under 16±2 Cº and 8 hrs photoperiod. The plantlets formed micro tubers after 8-10 weeks from culturing. The results showed significant differences among cultivar’s in their response to in vitro culture and micro tubers formation. The results also showed that the kinetin concentration had significant effect on micro tubers, and 1mg/l kinetin concentration was the best. The micro tubers were stored for 10 week at 4Cº to break down the dormancy period, and gave 100% germination under nursery condition. Numbers of tubers derived from micro tubers and normal tubers of these cultivars were compared at the end of season.

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