The influence of a weedy habitat on the seed bank of an adjacent cultivated field

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1879-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hume ◽  
O. W. Archibold
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Salsola Kali ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Fallow Field ◽  
Stipa Comata ◽  
Field Traps ◽  
Fallow Phase

Seed traps positioned 1 to 100 m into a cultivated field were used to assess the seed rain from an adjacent weedy pasture. The cultivated field was in the fallow phase of a crop-fallow rotation. Two sets of traps were used: one set contained steampasteurized soil and the other contained untreated soil from the field. Traps were left in the field for 12 months and then transported to a greenhouse where they were kept for 12 additional months. Seed content was determined by field and greenhouse emergence of seedlings. The pasture was dominated by grasses, the most abundant being Poa pratensis, Stipa comata, Bromus inermis, and Agropyron repens. Seeds of pasture species were found in decreasing numbers in the fallow field, with few found more than 7 m from the fence line in traps of both sterilized and nonsterilized soil. The fallow field was dominated by species such as Setaria viridis, Thlaspi arvense, Descurainia sophia, and Salsola kali which were not found in abundance in the pasture. It was concluded that seed rain from the pasture had a significant influence on the germinable seed content of the soil of the cultivated field (at the edge only). The incursion of pasture species into cultivated land presumably has been restricted by cultural practices.

Seed dispersing agents in two regularly flooded river sites

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jerry Skoglund
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Meadow Species ◽  
Snow Samples

Aspects of seed dispersal, particularly mobility of viable seeds, were investigated in two sites at the lower river Dalälven, southeastern central Sweden, from 1980 to 1985. Three different approaches were used to assess the seed rain. (i) Seed traps were placed at ground level. This component of the seed rain was dominated by seeds from the local vegetation, particularly Betula spp. A total of 30 species were identified, (ii) Drift material was collected in spring and autumn and the seed content was identified through germination trials. Seeds dispersed by drift mainly belonged to species abundant in the study sites, but included a minor element not represented in the local vegetation. A total of 23 species were identified, of which seeds of Potentilla palustris, Carex canescens, and other Carex spp. were most abundant. In the field, seedlings growing on fresh accumulations of drift were dominated by Potentilla palustris. (iii) Samples of snow were collected and the seed content determined visually. Of the seven species represented in the snow samples, Betula spp. dominated. In particular, flooding extended the seed rain beyond the boundaries of many species. It is concluded that the distribution of wet meadow species is not limited by dispersal.

THE DAMAGE POTENTIAL OF SOME GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) OF THE NATIVE GRASSLANDS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Native Grasslands ◽  
Single Chemical ◽  
Stipa Comata

In caged plot experiments in the native grasslands of the Interior of the province of British Columbia, feeding during the whole nymphal life of the grasshopper Camnula pellucida reduced the yield of Poa pratensis by 5.1 pounds per acre for each grasshopper per square yard. For each unit of infestation of 1 young adult grasshopper per square yard, 1.0 pound per acre per day was destroyed. The corresponding figures for Amphitornus coloradus on Stipa comata were 3.5 and 0.57 pounds per acre. First-instar nymphs of the migratory grasshopper Melanoplus bilituratus failed to survive when confined to S. comata; nymphs in subsequent stages, that had previously fed on other foods, did not thrive on S. comata, and each unit of infestation of 1 per square yard finally reduced yields not more than 2.6 pounds per acre. The results suggest that, where a single chemical control treatment is desired, it should not be delayed past the third instar as the modal developmental stage.

scholarly journals Insect injury and mortality of seedlings of field penny-cress (Thlaspi arvense L.).

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
J. Štolcová
Keyword(s):  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Fallow Field

During 1997–1999 the injury caused by insect herbivors and mortality of plants of field penny-cress (Thlaspi arvense L.) was studied on an early fallow field at Prague-Ruzyně. The highest abundance of the weed (102 plants per m2) was recorded in 1999, the lowest (27 plants/m2) in 1998. Nearly all plants (100% in 1997 and 1998, 94% in 1999) were injured by flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp.). Injury was greatest (> 50%) in younger seedlings. Mortality was low in 1997 (17.1%) and 1999 (15.8%), but high in 1998 (94%) because of concurrent drought. Herbivory and drought may kill a large proportion of seedlings and thus change the composition of the weed community.

Festuca campestris density and defoliation regulate abundance of the rhizomatous grass Poa pratensis in a fallow field

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Bork ◽  
Daniel B. Hewins ◽  
Steven Tannas ◽  
Walter D. Willms
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Fallow Field

scholarly journals Insect damage to and mortality of seedlings of Chenopodium album L. and Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á.Löve

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
J. Štolcová
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Wild Buckwheat ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Fallow Field

During 1997–1999, the damage and mortality caused by insect herbivores to pigweed (<I>Chenopodium album</I>) and wild buckwheat (<I>Fallopia convolvulus</I>) were studied in an early fallow field at Prague-Ruzyně. The highest abundances of <I>Ch. Album</I> and <I>F. convolvulus</I> (83 and 3.5 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, resp.) were recorded in 1999, the lowest (11.6 and 0.3 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, resp.) in 1998. Mortality was low in 1997 (9.6% and 1.4%, resp.) and 1999 (4.0% and 2.5%, resp.), but high in 1998 (25% and 10%, resp.) due to concurrent drought. In accordance with previous studies on <I>Thlaspi arvense</I>, herbivory and concurrent drought may increase the mortality of <I>Ch. Album</I> and <I>F. convolvulus</I> seedlings, and thereby alter the species composition of the weed community during secondary succession.

scholarly journals Dispersal mechanisms in Lavandula stoechas subsp. pedunculata: autochory and endozoochory by sheep

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Sánchez ◽  
Begoña Peco
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Lavandula Stoechas ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Negative Exponential Distribution ◽  
Species Establishment ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
Positive Effect

It is normally assumed that Lavandula stoechas subsp. pedunculata (Miller) Samp. ex Rozeira (Labiatae) is dispersed by autochory in spite of the clear pioneer nature of the species. This paper examines the efficiency of autochorous dispersal (seed rain) and the possibility that the species is also dispersed endozoochorally by sheep. Seed rain was measured using pitfall traps and adhesive strips in summer 1999. The viable seed content in sheep dung was measured by greenhouse germination of dung collected monthly in the summers of 1998 and 1999. Two experimental tests were also conducted to ascertain whether dung-borne seeds could be established under field conditions and to evaluate the effect of added dung in the establishment of seeds taken from plants. The recorded seed rain was 2544 seeds m-2 inside the Lavandula patches, with an aggregated distribution. Autochory around the mother plant fitted a negative exponential distribution, with 90.5% concentrated in a 0–30 cm radius and a maximum distance of 1 m. Viable Lavandula seeds were found in 73% of the examined dung samples, with an average of 5.5 seeds per sample (6 g) and a high inter- and intra-annual variation. This high seed content, together with the daily sheep movements over several kilometres, make the species highly dispersible, possibly explaining its clear pioneer nature. Moreover, available data suggest that seeds in sheep dung can germinate and establish under natural conditions, and that dung addition has a positive effect on species establishment.

Social epistemic actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pezzulo ◽  
Laura Barca ◽  
Domenico Maisto ◽  
Francesco Donnarumma
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Niche Construction ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Epistemic Actions ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Online Social Interaction

Abstract We consider the ways humans engage in social epistemic actions, to guide each other's attention, prediction, and learning processes towards salient information, at the timescale of online social interaction and joint action. This parallels the active guidance of other's attention, prediction, and learning processes at the longer timescale of niche construction and cultural practices, as discussed in the target article.

Pembinaan Semula Peradaban Komuniti Cina Muslim Berasaskan Dialog Antara Agama: Pengalaman di Terengganu dan Brunei

Sains Insani ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Azarudin Awang ◽  
Azman Che Mat ◽  
Sophian Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Interfaith Dialogue ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Muslim Family

Bagi sesebuah negara yang mempunyai etnik pelbagai anutan kepercayaan dan perbezaan amalan budaya, dialog antara agama berperanan membetulkan semula kekaburan dalam kehidupan beragama dan berbudaya. Melalui peranan Saudara Baru, dialog antara agama mampu menjadi medan bagi menjelaskan kebenaran tentang agama Islam kepada masyarakat bukan Muslim dan pelaksanaan amalan budaya asal kepada Muslim asal. Objektif kajian ini ialah melihat pengalaman pelaksanaan dialog antara agama di Terengganu dan relevansi dalam kehidupan beragama di negara Brunei. Metode kajian ini menggunakan kajian dokumen yang menyentuh komuniti Cina Muslim di Terengganu dan Brunei. Pengalaman pelaksanaan dialog antara agama di Terengganu dan negara Brunei memperlihatkan dialog antara agama mampu membetulkan salah faham dan selanjutnya mengendurkan ketegangan hubungan antara agama dan budaya antara komuniti Saudara Baru, ahli keluarga bukan Muslim dan masyarakat Muslim asal. Biarpun begitu, adalah dicadangkan agar kajian yang menyentuh dialog antara agama perlu diperkukuhkan sebagai medium membina semula peradaban memandangkan penduduk di kedua-dua lokasi ini terdiri daripada berbilang etnik dan agama sedangkan pada masa yang sama masalah yang menyentuh hubungan antara agama sentiasa timbul. Abstract: For a country with diverse ethics of beliefs and cultural practices, interfaith dialogue plays a role to redefine ambiguity in religious and cultural life. Through the role of the New Muslim (Muslim Convert), interfaith dialogue can become a medium to explain the truth about Islam to the non-Muslims and the implementation of real cultural practices to the others Muslim. The objective of this study is to examine the experience of interfaith dialogue in Terengganu and in Brunei. The method of this study is being conducted in document research that related with the Muslim Chinese community in Terengganu and Brunei. In addition, interviews with people involved in the management of New Muslims also carried out. The experience of interfaith dialogue in Terengganu and Brunei shows that dialogue capable explains misunderstandings and further loosening the tension between religion and culture among New Muslims, non-Muslim family members and Muslim communities. However, it is recommended that studies on interfaith dialogue should be strengthened as a medium for rebuilding civilization as the residents of both locations are multi-ethnic and religious while at the same time the problem of interreligious persists.

Hopscotch Modernism: On Everyday Life and the Blurring of Art and Social Science

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Highmore
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Point Of Departure

From a remarkably innovative point of departure, Ben Highmore (University of Sussex) suggests that modernist literature and art were not the only cultural practices concerned with reclaiming the everyday and imbuing it with significance. At the same time, Roger Caillois was studying the spontaneous interactions involved in games such as hopscotch, while other small scale institutions such as the Pioneer Health Centre in Peckham, London attempted to reconcile systematic study and knowledge with the non-systematic exchanges in games and play. Highmore suggests that such experiments comprise a less-often recognised ‘modernist heritage’, and argues powerfully for their importance within early-twentieth century anthropology and the newly-emerged field of cultural studies.

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