Seed dispersing agents in two regularly flooded river sites

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jerry Skoglund
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Meadow Species ◽  
Snow Samples

Aspects of seed dispersal, particularly mobility of viable seeds, were investigated in two sites at the lower river Dalälven, southeastern central Sweden, from 1980 to 1985. Three different approaches were used to assess the seed rain. (i) Seed traps were placed at ground level. This component of the seed rain was dominated by seeds from the local vegetation, particularly Betula spp. A total of 30 species were identified, (ii) Drift material was collected in spring and autumn and the seed content was identified through germination trials. Seeds dispersed by drift mainly belonged to species abundant in the study sites, but included a minor element not represented in the local vegetation. A total of 23 species were identified, of which seeds of Potentilla palustris, Carex canescens, and other Carex spp. were most abundant. In the field, seedlings growing on fresh accumulations of drift were dominated by Potentilla palustris. (iii) Samples of snow were collected and the seed content determined visually. Of the seven species represented in the snow samples, Betula spp. dominated. In particular, flooding extended the seed rain beyond the boundaries of many species. It is concluded that the distribution of wet meadow species is not limited by dispersal.

SATOUMI APPROACH FOR REALIZING SUSTAINABLE COASTAL USE IN A RIASTYPE BAY: A CASE OF SHIZUGAWA BAY IN SANRIKU COAST HIT BY THE HUGE TSUNAMI ON 11 MARCH 2011

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhisa Komatsu ◽  
Teruhisa Komatsu ◽  
Shuji Sasa ◽  
Shuji Sasa ◽  
Shigeru Montani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Sanriku Coast ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Biological Coupling ◽  
Miyagi Prefecture ◽  
Human Use ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

Rias-type bays are one of the most common coasts in Japan where aquacultures have been active due to sheltered geological shape with a deep bottom. The huge tsunami hit Sanriku Coast consisting of open rias-type bays near the epicenter facing Pacific Ocean on 11 March 2011. For recovering Sanriku Coast, it is important to include sustainability in its program. Satoumi is defined as the human use and management of coastal seas for high productivity while maintaining high biodiversity. Therefore, we proposed Satoumi approach to an open rias-type bay, Shizugawa Bay, in southern Sanriku Coast. We conducted scientific researches on mapping of coastal habitats and aquaculture facilities, hydrography, and material flows of nutrients, a minor element (Fe) and organic matters in the bay including those from the rivers and from the offshore waters. At the same time, Committee for Shizugawa Bay Management of Fishermen’s Cooperative of Miyagi Prefecture decided to decrease in aquaculture facilities for sustainable development of aquaculture. Based on these data, a physical-biological coupling model was used for calculating the number of aquaculture facilities that are suitable not only for yields but also for environments. These researches were established on strong collaborations among a fishermen’s’ cooperative, local governments and scientists. Results of this practice may help to realize sustainable coastal use of a rias-type bay.

scholarly journals Chlorine as a Discriminant Element to Establish the Provenance of Central Mediterranean Obsidians

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-476
Author(s):  
Franco Foresta Martin ◽  
Silvio G. Rotolo ◽  
Manuela Nazzari ◽  
Maria Luisa Carapezza
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Chlorine Concentration ◽  
Silicate Melts ◽  
Alkali Content ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Chlorine is a minor element present in obsidians in quantities greater than in average igneous rocks. The chlorine concentration in obsidians is generally low, of the order of tenths of wt %, but it exhibits an appreciable differentiation among geological sources. Despite these characteristics, chlorine has rarely been taken into consideration as a possible indicator of obsidian provenance and it does not appear in the chemical analytical tables accompanying the geochemical characterisation of obsidian samples. In this work, after an overview of chlorine geochemistry and cycle, we present thirty-one new electron microprobe (EPMA) analyses, including Cl, of geologic obsidians sampled from the four sources of the Central Mediterranean, exploited in prehistoric times (Monte Arci, Palmarola, Lipari and Pantelleria). The results are compared with 175 new EPMA analyses, including Cl, of archaeological obsidians already characterised in previous work and of known provenance. As such it was possible to ascertain that each source has a characteristic chlorine concentration, showing the utility of its use in the studies of obsidian provenance. Furthermore, given that the solubility of chlorine in silicate melts is correlated to its alkali content, in particular sodium, we assessed the efficacy of simple binary graphs Cl vs Na2O to better constrain the provenance of the obsidian samples.

scholarly journals The Motive Of Crime In Foreign Law: A Comparative Legal Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Leka
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
State Level ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Subjective Side

The article substantiates the need to carry out a comparative legal analysis of Ukrainian and foreign legislation on fixing the motive of the crime and its criminal- legal significance. Comparative analysis of the laws of foreign countries is made taking into account the membership of countries in the legal systems. The research of the legal status of the motive of crime in the legislation of foreign countries was carried out on the basis of consideration of basic acts of criminal legislation approved at the state level by the higher legislative bodies of a state. The analysis of various approaches to determining the motive of the crime based on the works of foreign and domestic scientists. On the basis of consideration of normative legal acts of criminal nature of foreign countries, the main terms, which indicate the motive of the crime are defined. The basic approaches of fixing the motive of crime in the legislation of foreign countries are defined and the ways of improvement of the Ukrainian legislation in this matter are proposed. It has been established that the legislation of some countries clearly traces the role of motive as a circumstance aggravating punishment and as a sign that must be taken into account directly in sentencing. In spite of this, most countries still hold a position of indifference to the motive of the crime, recognizing it as a minor element of the subjective side of the crime. It is established that the position of the Ukrainian legislator on the optionality of the sign of motive among other constituents of the subjective side of the crime and the obligatory sign among the elements of evidence in the criminal process is quite logical and justified. But many aspects related to the motive for the crime must be refined. Ukrainian legislation, including criminal law, become more progressive every year and meets European standards.

Silurian acastacean trilobites of the Americas

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Edgecombe
Keyword(s):  
Minor Element ◽  
South American ◽  
A Minor ◽  
North And South

Species of the superfamily Acastacea constitute a minor element of North and South American Silurian trilobite faunas. Phacopidina? obsoleta (Ulrich and Delo) (Llandovery, Tennessee) provides the sole Silurian record of the “kloucekiine” grade (Acastacea s.l.); a lectotype is designated for this species. Acaste birminghamensis Norford (mid Llandovery, Alabama) lacks synapomorphies of post-Llandovery Acastidae s.s. (=Acastinae + “Acastavinae” + Asteropyginae), and is the basis for Llandovacaste n. gen. (Acastidae s.l.). A well-preserved sample of Andinacaste cf. A. ledgrandi Eldredge and Braniša from the Catavi Formation (Ludlow–Přídolí), Bolivia, displays apomorphic characters of the genal spines and hypostome shared with Devonian calmoniids. Coaptative structures, including vincular furrow/pits and “bifurcated” thoracic pleural tips, are documented for Andinacaste; similar enrollment morphologies arose in other acastomorph calmoniids. Poorly known Llandovery acastaceans from Paraguay and Venezuela may represent Andinacaste. Acaste zerinae n. sp. from the Pembroke Formation (Přídolí) of Maine is closely comparable to British late Wenlock A. downingiae (Murchison). The Australian Gedinnian acastine placed in Phacopinae indet. longisulcata (Shergold) is designated Acaste lokii n. sp.

Climate and vegetation history from a 14,000-year peatland record, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam C. Jones ◽  
Dorothy M. Peteet ◽  
Dorothy Kurdyla ◽  
Thomas Guilderson
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation History ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Aleutian Low ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Kenai Peninsula ◽  
Tundra Vegetation ◽  
Climatic Cooling ◽  
Vegetation And Climate ◽  
Meadow Species

AbstractAnalysis of pollen, spores, macrofossils, and lithology of an AMS 14C-dated core from a subarctic fen on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska reveals changes in vegetation and climate beginning 14,200 cal yr BP. Betula expansion and contraction of herb tundra vegetation characterize the Younger Dryas on the Kenai, suggesting increased winter snowfall concurrent with cool, sunny summers. Remarkable Polypodiaceae (fern) abundance between 11,500 and 8500 cal yr BP implies a significant change in climate. Enhanced peat preservation and the occurrence of wet meadow species suggest high moisture from 11,500 to 10,700 cal yr BP, in contrast to drier conditions in southeastern Alaska; this pattern may indicate an intensification and repositioning of the Aleutian Low (AL). Drier conditions on the Kenai Peninsula from 10,700 to 8500 cal yr BP may signify a weaker AL, but elevated fern abundance may have been sustained by high seasonality with substantial snowfall and enhanced glacial melt. Decreased insolation-induced seasonality resulted in climatic cooling after 8500 cal yr BP, with increased humidity from 8000 to 5000 cal yr BP. A dry interval punctuated by volcanic activity occurred between 5000 and 3500 cal yr BP, followed by cool, moist climate, coincident with Neoglaciation. Tsuga mertensiana expanded after ~ 1500 cal yr BP in response to the shift to cooler conditions.

How can a minor element added to a binary amorphous alloy simultaneously improve the plasticity and glass-forming ability?

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (17) ◽  
pp. 6597-6608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Kyu Kim ◽  
Mirim Lee ◽  
Kwang-Ryeol Lee ◽  
Jae-Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Glass Forming Ability ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
A Minor

First-Principles Study of Atomic Hydrogen and Oxygen Adsorption on Doped-Iron Nanoclusters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishith K. Das ◽  
T. Shoji
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Hydrogen Adsorption ◽  
Density Functional Theory Calculations ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Oxygen Adsorption ◽  
Ground State Structure ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Strong Hybridization ◽  
A Minor

Density functional theory calculations have been used to calculate the ground state structure and oxygen and hydrogen adsorption properties of the pure and doped-iron nanoclusters. Small atomic clusters containing two to six atoms have been considered and a single Fe atom has replaced by a minor element i.e. Zr, Ti, and Sc. Doping of a minor element increases the cluster stability and octahedron Fe5Zr is the most stable structure within this study. Zr- and Sc-doped clusters have the highest oxygen and hydrogen adsorption energy. The electronic structure shows a strong hybridization between the metal 3d and oxygen 2p orbitals with a small contribution from metal 4s and 3p orbitals. Additionally, H s and metal 4s states form a new peak below the Fermi energy and a small modification is observed for 3d orbitals near the Fermi level. A small amount of Zr- and Sc-doping into the Fe-based alloys might improve the oxide film adherence.

Viable seed populations by soil depth and potential site recolonization after disturbance

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (18) ◽  
pp. 2408-2412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Moore ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Forest Experiment Station ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Germination Experiment

Seedling emergence from organic and mineral soil layers was measured for nine study sites at the Acadia Forest Experiment Station near Fredericton, New Brunswick. The number of viable seeds showed a decrease from deciduous-dominated forest, to conifer-dominated forest, to organic soil study sites. Viable seed number varied from 3400/m2 for a deciduous-dominated forest study site to zero for a bog study site. Most seeds germinated from the upper organic soil layers of all study sites and were predominantly Rubus strigosus Michx. After the germination experiment, ungerminated seeds, which showed no viability by the tetrazolium test, were separated from the soil. These seeds were almost entirely Betula spp. and seed numbers were as high as 4200–9400/m2 for a deciduous-dominated forest. The applicability of the results to differing types of postdisturbance revegetation is discussed.

Sulfides in Leg 37 drill core from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace H. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Drill Core ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Basalt Glass ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Drill Holes ◽  
Good Agreement

Sulfides in 27 samples of drill core from four Leg 37 drill holes have been studied. Pyrite is the most abundant sulfide, averaging 0.39 ± 0.51% of basalt samples. Also present in basalt are sparse (0.0001%) and small (< 8 μm) magmatic globules of finely intergrown pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite-iss, as well as a few globules composed of only one of these minerals. Larger and more abundant magmatic globules are present in gabbro and peridotite; pyrite is a minor phase in these rocks.Fe, Ni. Cu. and S are the major elements, and Co a minor element in the globules. Averaged Ni/Cu ratios for globules are: 3.3 (peridotite), 1.0 (gabbro). and 0.4 (basalt), the decrease in ratio indicating less normative olivine in the respective parent magmas when the globules were formed.Sulfides in globules in peridotite, and to a lesser extent in gabbro, form distinct grains free of inclusions, and appear to have equilibrated to below 300 °C. In basalt the minerals are finely intergrown and indicate quenching above about 600 °C, with local equilibration at lower temperatures.Three analyses of sulfur in basalt glass ranged from 930 to 1160 ppm, in good agreement with other analyses of deep-ocean basalts.

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