Effects of continuous combined nitrogen supply on symbiotic dinitrogen fixation of faba bean and pea inoculated with different rhizobial isolates

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2542-2548 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-P. Chalifour ◽  
Louise M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Combined Nitrogen ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Legume Symbiosis ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Continuous Presence ◽  
Symbiotic Partner ◽  
Rhizobial Isolates

Combined nitrogen (N) has adverse effects on virtually all stages of the Rhizobium–legume symbiosis. Tolerance to combined N varies among legume hosts and rhizobial isolates, but the contribution of each symbiotic partner is not well established. The effects of combined N were studied in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.), using the same Rhizobium leguminosarum isolates for both hosts. In one experiment, faba bean and pea were inoculated individually with four rhizobial isolates and grown for 28 days in the continuous presence of 0, 2.5, 5.0, or7.5 mol m−3 NH4NO3. For each isolate, faba bean was consistently more tolerant to combined N than pea as shown by significantly smaller rates of decrease in N2-fixing activity (acetylene reduction) in faba bean than in pea. The results were substantiated by those of a similar experiment in which increasing levels of 15N-labeled [Formula: see text] (5, 10, or 15 mol m−3) were supplied continuously to faba bean and pea inoculated individually with two rhizobial isolates. Comparisons of the different symbioses based on the proportion of total plant N derived from N2 fixation confirmed the conclusions reached using acetylene reduction activities.

Effects of time of nitrate application on nitrate reductase activity, nitrate uptake, and symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in faba bean and pea

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1646-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-P. Chalifour ◽  
Louise M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Lower Capacity

The effects of increasing concentrations of [Formula: see text] (0, 5, 10, or 15 mol∙m−3) supplied at planting or 7 or 14 days after planting were studied in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae isolate 175F19. Averaged over all times of [Formula: see text] application, N2 fixation (acetylene reduction) was inhibited significantly more in pea than in faba bean. Times of [Formula: see text] application had little effect on N2 fixation for faba bean. In contrast, N2 fixation in pea was most strongly inhibited when [Formula: see text] was applied at planting and showed a decreasing sensitivity as [Formula: see text] applications were delayed to 7 and 14 days after planting. At all times of [Formula: see text] application, as the levels of [Formula: see text] increased, the proportion of total plant nitrate reductase activity contributed by leaves and roots remained relatively constant in faba bean, but these proportions increased and decreased, respectively, in pea. Nitrate was taken up at higher levels and at a greater rate in pea than in faba bean. The lower capacity for [Formula: see text] uptake in faba bean could contribute to the greater tolerance of the symbiosis to [Formula: see text] compared with that in pea.

Acetylene reduction and hydrogen evolution by nitrogenase in a Rhizobium–legume symbiosis

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Edie
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
High Light ◽  
Hydrogenase Activity ◽  
Uptake Hydrogenase ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Legume Symbiosis ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between acetylene reduction and hydrogen evolution in air was examined in peas (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum strain 3740, which lacked uptake hydrogenase activity (Hup−). In the absence of a system for recycling hydrogen, changes in the relative efficiency of N2 fixation (RE), which is defined as RE = 1 − (hydrogen evolved in air)/(acetylene reduced), presumably reflect an altered capacity of nitrogenase to allocate electrons between protons and N2. The RE of plants grown without combined nitrogen declined during the vegetative phase of growth and increased after flowering. Continuous high light or elevated CO2 conditions in the absence of nitrate maintained throughout ontogeny accentuated decreases in RE. When nitrate was present in the growth medium declines in RE during the vegetative phase were lessened. These results are consistent with the concept that the electron allocation coefficient of nitrogenase varies in the absence of uptake hydrogenase activity.

Contrasting Rhizobium inoculation requirements of zero-tannin faba bean and narrow-leafed lupin in western Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1117-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken J. Lopetinsky ◽  
Newton Z. Lupwayi ◽  
Mark A. Olson ◽  
Zafrin Akter ◽  
George W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Vicia Faba Minor

Lopetinsky, K. J., Lupwayi, N. Z., Olson, M. A., Akter, Z. and Clayton, G. W. 2014. Contrasting Rhizobium inoculation requirements of zero-tannin faba bean and narrow-leafed lupin in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1117–1123. Zero-tannin faba bean (Vicia faba minor) and narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) have shown potential as new pulse crops in Alberta cropping systems, but their inoculation requirements to maximize biological N2 fixation (BNF) are unknown. We conducted a 6 site-year study to compare the effects of several commercial rhizobial inoculant products (eight for faba bean and three for lupin) in different formulations (granular, peat and liquid) on nodulation, N accumulation, grain yield and grain protein of the two crops. The liquid and peat formulations were applied to the seed, while the granular inoculant was applied to the soil. Inoculation had no significant effects on nodulation, grain yield and seed weight of faba bean in all site-years. Un-inoculated and inoculated plants nodulated equally well, suggesting the presence of adequate populations of effective indigenous Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae for nodulation of untreated plants. The indingenous rhizobia could have originated from previous field pea (Pisum sativum L.) crops or leguminous native plants/weeds. By contrast, narrow-leafed lupin responded to inoculation in all site-years, and poor nodulation of un-inoculated plants indicated inadequate populations of indigenous R. lupini for nodulation in the soils. The seed-applied peat inoculant Nitragin Lupin and the soil-applied granular inoculant Soil Implant Lupin were equally effective in increasing nodulation relative to the un-inoculated control in 3 of 5 site-years (nodulation was not assessed in 1 site-year). However, relative to the un-inoculated control, Nitragin Lupin increased grain yields in 4 of 6 site-years compared with 1 of 5 for Soil Implant Lupin (and 2 of 6 for seed-applied TagTeam Lupin). These results show that faba bean probably does not require inoculation in these soils, although periodic checking is required to ensure that its high BNF potential is always realized, but narrow-leafed lupin needs to be inoculated with suitable inoculant products to increase BNF.

Variation in ability of Rhizobium leguminosarum isolates to fix dinitrogen symbiotically in the presence of ammonium nitrate

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1626-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Symbiotic Effectiveness ◽  
Combined Nitrogen ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Selection Of

To assess the variation in symbiotic effectiveness of N2-fixing Rhizobium leguminosarum isolates in the presence of NH4NO3, peas were inoculated with 38 isolates and grown for 4 weeks with weekly additions of 2 mM NH4NO3. Acetylene reduction was inhibited relative to a N-free control in all isolates but the inhibition varied from 60 to 100%. There were also significant differences (p = 0.05) between isolates with varying inhibition of C2H2 reduction in H2 uptake, H2 evolution, and leghemoglobin content. Ten isolates were selected for further study of the importance of NH4NO3 concentration (0, 1,2, and 5 mM) and plant growth stage (3,4, and 5 weeks) to characters associated with N2 fixation and plant growth. Plant age, NH4NO3 treatment, and isolate were all significant sources of variation (p ≤ 0.01) for each character measured but interactions between these factors were also significant. There were significant differences between isolates in the rate of decrease in C2H2 reduction with increasing NH4NO3 concentration (C2H2 reduction responsiveness to NH4NO3) and this responsiveness term was correlated with C2H2 reduction rates at 2 and 5 mM NH4NO3 (p = 0.01). Acetylene reduction rates were correlated with shoot dry weights at 0.1, and 2 mM NH4NO3 (p = 0.001). These results suggest the possibility of enhancing N2 fixation in peas through selection of rhizobia with maximum effectiveness at low levels of combined nitrogen.

Short-term effects of nitrate on nitrate reductase activity and symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in faba bean and pea

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1639-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois-P. Chalifour ◽  
Louise M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Legume Symbiosis

The effects of a short-term supply of combined nitrogen (N) on the Rhizobium–legume symbiosis were studied in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) nodulated by R. leguminosarum biovar viceae isolate 175F5 or 175F19 and subjected to increasing levels of [Formula: see text] (0, 5, 10, or 20 mol∙m−3) from 28 to 36 days after planting. Trends in N2-fixing activity (acetylene reduction) showed that faba bean was more tolerant to [Formula: see text] than pea with isolate 175F5 but not with isolate 175F19. Nitrite reductase activities in the leaf, root, and nodule cytosol fractions were severalfold higher than nitrate reductase activities for both hosts. The levels of these enzymes in the nodule cytosol, the absence of bacteroid nitrate reductase and the lack of induction of bacteroid nitrite reductase in response to [Formula: see text] addition are consistent with the lack of [Formula: see text] accumulation in nodules of both hosts. Therefore, it is unlikely that the inhibitory effects of [Formula: see text] on N2 fixation are due to [Formula: see text] inhibition of nitrogenase. The relative levels of nitrate reductase activity in the root and nodule cytosol fractions were, respectively, higher and lower in the two faba bean symbioses ([Formula: see text] tolerant) and in the pea–175F5 symbiosis ([Formula: see text] sensitive) than in the pea–175F19 symbiosis ([Formula: see text] tolerant).

Root colonization of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae in the presence of nitrate-nitrogen

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1068-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal J Beauchamp ◽  
Joseph W Kloepper ◽  
Joseph J Shaw ◽  
François-P. Chalifour
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Rhizobial Population

There is a lack of knowledge concerning the effect of nitrate–nitrogen (NO3––N) at levels known to inhibit nodule formation and functioning on root colonization of dinitrogen-fixing legumes. Firstly, this study investigated potential differences between Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 175F9 and its bioluminescent-labeled strain 175F9.lux on root colonization of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). These two strains similarly colonized the roots of both hosts. Secondly, this study evaluated the effects of 0 and 10 mol·m–3 NO3––N on root colonization of faba bean and pea by strain 175F9.lux, over time. Averaged over both hosts and harvest dates, the presence of NO3––N increased the rhizobial population and the root length colonized. In addition, our results showed that bioluminescence activity increased from 7 to 14 days after sowing and was not correlated to rhizobial population. Finally, to demonstrate that an increase in bioluminescence activity was not an indirect effect of nitrate on R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 175F9.lux, this study investigated the effects of increasing carbon (mannitol) and nitrogen (NO3––N) concentrations on the rhizobial population and bioluminescence activity. The carbon source was more important than the nitrogen source to increase the rhizobial population and bioluminescence activity, which increased with increasing mannitol concentration, but not with increasing nitrate concentration. Results from this study demonstrated that NO3––N increased rhizobial population, especially for faba bean, and the length of root colonized.Key words: nitrate, nitrogen, rhizosphere, rhizobacteria, luminescence

Estimating Nitrogenase Activity of Faba Bean (Vicia faba) by Acetylene Reduction (Ar) Assay

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herdina ◽  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Closed System ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Rooting Medium

Methods of conducting acetylene reduction (AR) assay were appraised for estimating the nitrogenase activity of nodules of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Factors considered were: (i) disturbance of plants when removing the rooting medium; (ii) assay temperature; (iii) the use of whole plants rather than detached, nodulated roots; (iv) diurnal variation in nodule activity; and (v) a decline in C2H4 production after exposure to C2H2. Plants growing in jars of 'oil dry' (calcined clay) had the same AR activity when assayed in situ in a closed system as when assayed after removal of the rooting medium. Assay temperatures of 12.5, 17.5 and 22.5°C influenced the specific rate of AR with the optimum at 17.5°C. Removal of the shoot resulted in a rapid decrease in AR activity in both vegetative and reproductive plants but the effect was much larger in the latter. AR and respiration by nodulated roots were closely linked and both varied markedly over a diurnal 12 h/12 h cycle. Since no fluctuation was found after nodules were detached, diurnal variation in the respiration of nodulated roots is attributed to change in nodule activity. Half of the dark respiration of nodulated roots was associated with respiration of the nodules and thus largely with N2 fixation. Since the AR assay provides no information on how electron flow in vivo is partitioned between reduction of N2 and reduction of protons, diurnal variation in hydrogen evolution (HE) in air and Ar/O2 in an open system was used to estimate this partitioning. Diurnal variation in apparent N2 fixation estimated in this manner was examined at a 'low' PPFD (300 μmol m-2 s-1) and at 'high' (1300 μmol m-2 s-1) to explore whether variation could be attributed to change in carbohydrate supply. Although HE in air and in Ar/O2 were both closely linked with the respiration of the nodulated root, apparent N2 fixation showed only a slight diurnal variation at 'low' light and almost none at 'high'. Vegetative plants showed no C2H2-induced decline in activity with exposure to C2H2 but reproductive plants did. This difference appears to be an age effect rather than attributable to flowering per se, since a decline occurred even when plants were kept vegetative by disbudding. A closed system for AR assay appears satisfactory for vegetative faba bean but such an assay over a 40-min period during the reproductive stage would underestimate nitrogenase activity by about 20%.

Effect of combined nitrogen on dinitrogen fixation and productivity in Pisum sativum L. Inoculated with different strains of Rhizobium

Chemosphere ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1153-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Hervás ◽  
Juan Manuel Caba ◽  
Francisco Ligero ◽  
Carmen Lluch
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Dinitrogen Fixation ◽  
Combined Nitrogen ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Different Strains

scholarly journals Induction of Root Nodule Senescence by Combined Nitrogen in Pisum sativum L

1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pin-Ching Chen ◽  
Donald A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Combined Nitrogen ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Nodule Senescence

scholarly journals GENETIC PROFILING AND DIVERSITY OF SOME PROMISING EFFICIENT RHIZOBIAL ISOLATES ON FABA BEAN PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-468
Author(s):  
Doha Fathy ◽  
A. Eldomiaty ◽  
H. Abd El-Fattah ◽  
E. Mahgoub ◽  
A. Hassanin
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Rhizobial Isolates
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