Nuclear behavior during sporulation of the true slime mold Didymium nigripes

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-693
Author(s):  
Sylvia Joann Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Slime Mold ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Nuclear Size ◽  
Nuclear Morphology ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Nuclear Behavior ◽  
Nuclear Degeneration ◽  
Random Fashion ◽  
Single Size

Nuclear behavior during sporulation of the true slime mold Didymium nigripes Fries includes extensive episodes of nuclear degeneration of a magnitude not previously suspected, two mitotic divisions, and changes in nuclear morphology. Nuclear and nucleolar diameter are reduced and up to 60% of the nuclei present at the onset of sporulation degenerate. Didymium nigripes possesses nuclei of several ploidy levels throughout its life cycle, and ratios of these nuclear size classes change in random fashion during sporulation, presumably as a result of nuclear degeneration. This study demonstrates that the end result of nuclear degeneration is not the elimination of a single size class of nucleus.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Processes during Early Development of Dictyostelium discoideum: From Bioenergetic to Proteomic Studies

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Monika Mazur ◽  
Daria Wojciechowska ◽  
Ewa Sitkiewicz ◽  
Agata Malinowska ◽  
Bianka Świderska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Slime Mold ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
Proteomic Study ◽  
And Function ◽  
Early Developmental

The slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum’s life cycle includes different unicellular and multicellular stages that provide a convenient model for research concerning intracellular and intercellular mechanisms influencing mitochondria’s structure and function. We aim to determine the differences between the mitochondria isolated from the slime mold regarding its early developmental stages induced by starvation, namely the unicellular (U), aggregation (A) and streams (S) stages, at the bioenergetic and proteome levels. We measured the oxygen consumption of intact cells using the Clarke electrode and observed a distinct decrease in mitochondrial coupling capacity for stage S cells and a decrease in mitochondrial coupling efficiency for stage A and S cells. We also found changes in spare respiratory capacity. We performed a wide comparative proteomic study. During the transition from the unicellular stage to the multicellular stage, important proteomic differences occurred in stages A and S relating to the proteins of the main mitochondrial functional groups, showing characteristic tendencies that could be associated with their ongoing adaptation to starvation following cell reprogramming during the switch to gluconeogenesis. We suggest that the main mitochondrial processes are downregulated during the early developmental stages, although this needs to be verified by extending analogous studies to the next slime mold life cycle stages.

Impact of taxol-mediated stabilization of microtubules on nuclear morphology, ploidy levels and cell growth in maize roots

1997 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frantisˇek Balusˇka ◽  
Jozef Sˇamaj ◽  
Dieter Volkmann ◽  
Peter W Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Nuclear Morphology ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Maize Roots

scholarly journals Breaking the scale: how disrupting the karyoplasmic ratio gives cancer cells an advantage for metastatic invasion

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1333-1344
Author(s):  
Andrea Rizzotto ◽  
Eric C. Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Nuclear Size ◽  
Nuclear Morphology ◽  
Metastatic Tumors ◽  
Size Regulation ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Ploidy Changes ◽  
Tumor Types

Nuclear size normally scales with the size of the cell, but in cancer this ‘karyoplasmic ratio’ is disrupted. This is particularly so in more metastatic tumors where changes in the karyoplasmic ratio are used in both diagnosis and prognosis for several tumor types. However, the direction of nuclear size changes differs for particular tumor types: for example in breast cancer, larger nuclear size correlates with increased metastasis, while for lung cancer smaller nuclear size correlates with increased metastasis. Thus, there must be tissue-specific drivers of the nuclear size changes, but proteins thus far linked to nuclear size regulation are widely expressed. Notably, for these tumor types, ploidy changes have been excluded as the basis for nuclear size changes, and so, the increased metastasis is more likely to have a basis in the nuclear morphology change itself. We review what is known about nuclear size regulation and postulate how such nuclear size changes can increase metastasis and why the directionality can differ for particular tumor types.

Mitosis and nuclear degeneration: simultaneous events during secondary sporangia formation in Phytophthora palmivora

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1673-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don E. Hemmes ◽  
Hans R. Hohl
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Nuclear Division ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Nuclear Degeneration ◽  
Membranous Material

Somatic nuclear division is described for sporangia of Phytophthora palmivora. The division is intranuclear and involves centrioles and an eccentrically located spindle. The nucleolus persists throughout division. While these events take place, other nuclei within the same sporangium become surrounded by membranous material and degenerate by an autophagous process. The possible significance of these events for this stage of the life cycle is discussed.

NUCLEAR PHENOMENA IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF GANODERMA LUCIDUM (LEYSS. EX FR.) KARST.

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multinucleate Cells ◽  
Nuclear Behavior

Nuclear behavior in the life cycle of Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst., a common polypore in West Bengal, India, has been studied. Each young basidium is binucleate and the nuclei soon fuse to form a syncaryon which undergoes three successive divisions, of which the first is reductional, to produce eight daughter nuclei. Four nuclei pass into the four spores, one into each, and the other four, remaining within the basidium, finally degenerate. Thus at first each basidiospore contains one nucleus which may or may not divide further. On germination, the spores give rise to primary mycelia with uninucleate or multinucleate cells. Secondary mycelia, formed by the union of two compatible primary mycelia, have nodose-septate hyphae in which most of the cells are dikaryotic although cells with more than two nuclei are not uncommon.The chromosome number, counted from metaphasic plates, has been found to be 10 = 2n.

Sexual differences in the growth of Pteronarcys californica Newport and Pteronarcella badia (Hagen) (Plecoptera)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Branham ◽  
R. R. Hathaway
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Provo River ◽  
Physiological Studies ◽  
Fat Bodies

Two species of Plecoptera, Pteronarcys californica Newport and Pteronarcella badia (Hagen), were collected seasonally from a single site in the Provo River, Utah. Body weights of the living animals were used to distinguish four size classes in each sex of Pteronarcys californica, and one size class for each sex of Pteronarcella badia. Ovaries, fat bodies, and guts were dissected from Pteronarcys californica. Growth of whole animals and of the organs are discussed with regard to life cycle, sexual development, and age. The importance of weight measurements on insects to be used for physiological studies is discussed.

Nuclear behavior and clarification of the spore stages of Uromyces koae

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Meiotic Division ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Diploid Nucleus ◽  
Spore Type ◽  
Acacia Koa ◽  
Nuclear Behavior ◽  
Germ Tubes

Recent observations showed that Uromyces koae Arthur in Stevens teliospores did not produce typical basidia or basidio-spores. The present study reveals that teliospores produced long germ tubes that are differentiated into wide proximal and narrow distal portions separated by a vesiclelike swelling. One or two extensive branches, each morphologically resembling the main tube, developed from individual germ tube cells. Nuclear staining revealed a single, presumably diploid nucleus in mature teliospores. One or more probable mitotic divisions in the main germ tube provided a diploid nucleus for each branch and for the main tube itself. Meiotic division of each nucleus produced a series of four smaller nuclei in the narrow portion of each branch and the main tube. The germ tubes may be modified basidia and serve as infectious hyphae in place of basidiospores.A formerly undescribed spore type associated with the teliospores is recognized as uredinial. This investigation shows that the life cycle of U. koae probably consists of four distinct stages, each on Acacia koa: the spermatial associated with the aecial on hypertrophied shoots, and the uredinial and telial together in discrete leaf pustules.

scholarly journals Life cycles of dominant mayflies (Ephemeroptera) on a torrent of the high Bolivian Andes

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Carlos I. Molina ◽  
Kenneth P. Puliafico
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Progression Model ◽  
Bolivian Andes ◽  
Class Frequency ◽  
Life Cycle Patterns

The mayflies of the temperate and cold zones have well-synchronized life cycles, distinct cohorts, short emergence and flight periods. In contrast, aquatic insects from the tropical zones are characterized by multivoltine life cycles, “non-discernible cohorts” and extended flight periods throughout the year. This report is the first observation of life cycle patterns made of two species of mayflies on a torrent in the high elevation Bolivian Andes. The samples were taken from four sites and four periods during a hydrological season. The life cycle of each species was examined using size-class frequency analysis and a monthly modal progression model (von Bertalanffy's model) to infer the life cycle synchrony type. These first observations showed a moderately synchronized univoltine life cycle for Andesiops peruvianus (Ulmer, 1920), whereas Meridialaris tintinnabula Pescador and Peters (1987), had an unsynchronized multivoltine life cycle. These results showed that the generalization of all aquatic insects as unsynchronized multivoltine species in the Andean region may not be entirely accurate since there is still a need to further clarify the life cycle patterns of the wide variety of aquatic insects living in this high elevation tropical environment.

scholarly journals Nuclear size in the nerve cells of the bee during the life cycle

1916 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Smallwood ◽  
Ruth L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Nuclear Size
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