Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Activity In Norway Spruce Needles: Effects Of Air Pollutants Under Controlled Conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 502-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartwig Hohlfeld ◽  
Cornelius Lütz ◽  
Dieter Strack
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Spruce Needles

The effect of mixtures of air pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3) on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase; EC 4.1.1.31) activities from needles of four-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in closed fumigation chambers were analyzed. Three months exposure to high concentrations of O3 (1030 µg/m3) together with SO2 (1030 µg/m3) or NO2 (615 µg/m3) resulted in a dramatic increase in PEPCase activities

Identification of endophytic hyphae of Lophodermium piceae in tissues of green, symptomless Norway spruce needles by immunoelectron microscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Suske ◽  
Georg Acker
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Immunogold Labeling ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Hyphal Sheath ◽  
Spruce Needles

Antiserum specific for Lophodermium piceae hyphae was obtained by absorbing a rabbit L. piceae antiserum with hyphal material of different fungal isolates. The specificity of this absorbed antiserum was tested with hyphae of endophytic fungi isolated from green, asymptomatic needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) using the on-section immunogold labeling technique. With this specific, absorbed antiserum, a homogenous labeling was obtained with cultured hyphae of L. piceae, whereas all other spruce needle endophytes examined remained practically unlabeled. Insignificant cross-reactivity was also observed with needle tissues. The absorbed antiserum was then applied for the immunoelectron microscopical identification of L. piceae hyphae in situ in infected tissues of green, asymptomatic Norway spruce needles. The function of papillalike structures observed in infected needle mesophyll as well as the role of the hyphal sheath surrounding endophytic L. piceae hyphae are discussed in connection with the interaction between L. piceae and asymptomatic Norway spruce needles.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds in Needles of Norway Spruce Trees in Relation to Novel Forest Decline. II. Studies on Trees from Two Sites in Middle Western Germany

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Richter ◽  
Aloysius Wild
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Tree Damage ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Spruce Needles

Abstract The content of several phenolic compounds in needles of 20- to 30-year-old Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) was measured using HPLC. The results of two forestry sites in middle western Germany are reported in this paper. They are part of a research programme on novel forest decline which was carried out in various regions of Germany. Distinct amounts of picein, catechin, piceatannol glucoside, and other phenolic compounds were detected in the studied spruce needles. Additionally, their contents changed in relation to damage. Some compounds, especially catechin, showed increased levels in the needles of the damaged trees compared to the undamaged ones. Here, the values for the undamaged trees of the different sites were similar. Concerning the changes in picein contents, however, there was a great difference between the sites. p-Hydroxyacetophenone was detected in very low amounts only and did not correlate with damage.These results are compared with earlier findings from another site that shows severe damage. The role of phenolic compounds as indicators of tree damage is discussed.

Studying allelic diversity and stress response of PEPC (Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) in Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Chemosphere ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 825-828
Author(s):  
A. Ipsen ◽  
B. Kasten ◽  
F. Scholz ◽  
B. Ziegenhagen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Allelic Diversity

scholarly journals Light and temperature, but not UV radiation, affect chlorophylls and carotenoids in Norway spruce needles (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1169-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-D. KIRCHGEßNER ◽  
K. REICHERT ◽  
K. HAUFF ◽  
R. STEINBRECHER ◽  
J.-P. SCHNITZLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Spruce Needles

Internal hyphae in young, symptomless needles of Picea abies: electron microscopic and cultural investigation

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2098-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Suske ◽  
Georg Acker
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Living Tissues ◽  
Spruce Needles ◽  
Host Tissues ◽  
Scanning Electron

Results from cultural investigations were correlated with scanning electron microscope observations and give an introduction to the interaction of endophytic hyphae of Lophodermium piceae (Fckl.) Höhn. and other fungi with living tissues of green, symptomless needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.). The frequency of endophytic needle fungi was determined by the culture of surface-sterilized needles harvested from two trees. Lophodermium piceae was found to be the most important colonizer of symptomless needles; the infection rates ranged from about 3 to 7%. The presence of fungal hyphae in living needle tissues of symptomless, current year and older Norway spruce needles was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. The observed mycelia were both intercellular and intracellular. The hyphal diameters varied significantly and striking swellings of unknown function were observed along internal hyphae. The observed needle colonization is discussed in connection with the spreading of fungal endophytes in the host tissues during the endophytic phase of L. piceae in Norway spruce needles.

Molecular characterization of a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the gymnosperm Picea abies (Norway spruce)

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Relle ◽  
Aloysius Wild
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase

scholarly journals Eradication of endophytes from needles, their inoculation with Lophodermium piceae and persistence of this fungus in needles of Norway spruce

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 981-992
Author(s):  
Michael M. Müller ◽  
Leena Hamberg
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Spruce Needles

AbstractLophodermium piceae is the most common endophyte of Norway spruce (Picea abies) needles, and it probably occurs in the total distribution area of Norway spruce. Its significance to the host tree is still largely unknown mainly because no methodology is known for generating endophyte-free saplings nor for inoculation of intact needles with this fungus. We report here how a daily heat treatment at 40 °C for 8 h eradicates endophytes of Norway spruce needles within a few days without causing visible harm to the plants. We compared various methods for inoculation of endophyte-free saplings. In order to obtain effective inocula, we investigated what factors activate dormant L. piceae infections in the needle tissue resulting in ascomata formation. Best inoculation success was achieved by suspending naturally shed, highly infected needles above the saplings. Infection frequencies of up to 70% of needles were achieved with repeated inoculations in the course of 3 years. Once established in needles, individual infections by L. piceae can persist for at least 5 years. Individual infections remain small in young needles, but at a needle age of 6 years, they start to grow and spread resulting in presence all over the needle from base to tip at a needle age of 7 years, but still without causing visible symptoms on the needles. The presented methodology for generating both endophyte-free and endophyte-infected saplings of Norway spruce provides a new approach for testing the significance of infections by L. piceae to insect herbivory and diseases of Norway spruce needles.

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