Ultrastructure of organic acid secreting trichomes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2669-2677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Lazzaro ◽  
William W. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Granular Material ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Dense Cytoplasm ◽  
Acid Secreting ◽  
Organic Acid Secretion

The acid-secreting trichomes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) were composed of 18 cells, including 1 basal cell, 3 elongate stalk cells, and 14 head cells. A subcuticular secretion chamber with cuticular pores was present above the head cells at the trichome tip. The basal and stalk cells had large central vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and small vacuoles. In the stalk cells, these small vacuoles were aligned along microtubles extending from the bottom to the top of the cells. Head cells had more dense cytoplasm than stalk cells and also had numerous mitochondria and small vacuoles. A labyrinth of tubules and vesicles at the edges of the head cells contained granular material similar to that observed in the extraplasmic space of the head cell and in the secretion chamber. In older head cells, the tubules were thinner and lacked granular material, the cells contained sequestering membranes and vacuoles, and calcium oxalate crystals were observed in the extraplasmic space. Plasmodesmata were not observed between the basal cell and the surrounding mesophyll cells, although numerous plasmodesmata with associated desmotubules and endoplasmic reticulum connected the trichome cells. Chloroplasts were not observed in the head or stalk cells, whereas the basal cell had small chloroplasts with reduced thylakoid networks and the mesophyll cells had large chloroplasts with well-developed thylakoids that may provide the fixed carbon for organic-acid secretion.

ENDOCYTOSIS OF LANTHANUM NITRATE IN THE ORGANIC ACID-SECRETING TRICHOMES OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.)

1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1113-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Lazzaro ◽  
William W. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Lanthanum Nitrate ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Acid Secreting

Ultrastructural localization of calcium in the organic acid secreting trichomes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2319-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Lazzaro ◽  
William W. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Calcium Deposits ◽  
Acid Secreting ◽  
Calcium Secretion

In the organic acid secreting trichomes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), calcium is localized in the stalk and head cells using pyroantimonate and X-ray microanalysis. Light calcium deposits are present in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and cytoplasm of the stalk and head cells and in the cell walls of the stalk cells. Dense calcium deposits are present in the vacuoles of stalk and head cells and within the plasmodesmata between stalk cells. In the head cells, heavy calcium deposits are present in small, secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. In addition, calcium deposits are localized in the cell wall space around the head cells, in the secretion chamber, and in collected secretions. These observations suggest that secretion from the head cells occurs predominantly through an exocytotic, vesicular pathway. We conclude that once secreted, calcium diffuses through the walls to the collecting chamber and subsequently through the cuticular pores into the secretion droplet. Key words: calcium secretion, Cicer arietinum, pyroantimonate, secretory vesicles, trichome.

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURE OF CELLS DURING TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS REPRODUCTION

1965 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kolehmainen ◽  
H. Zech ◽  
D. von Wettstein
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Flexible Rods ◽  
Late Stages

The submicroscopic organization of mesophyll cells from tobacco leaves systemically infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is described. After fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide the arrangement of the TMV particles within the crystalline inclusions is well preserved. Only the ribonucleic acid-containing core of the virus particles is visible in the micrographs. Besides the hexagonal virus crystals, several characteristic types of "inclusion bodies" are definable in the cytoplasm: The so-called fluid crystals seem to correspond to single layers of oriented TMV particles between a network of the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. Unordered groups or well oriented masses of tubes with the diameter of the TMV capsid are found in certain areas of the cytoplasm. A complicated inclusion body is characterized by an extensively branched and folded part of the endoplasmic reticulum, containing in its folds long aggregates of flexible rods. Certain parts of the cytoplasm are filled with large, strongly electron-scattering globules, probably of lipid composition. These various cytoplasmic differentiations and the different forms of presumed virus material are discussed in relation to late stages of TMV reproduction and virus crystal formation.

Ultrastructural changes in the cell surface of Coelomomyces punctatus infecting mosquito larvae

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (13) ◽  
pp. 1419-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Granular Material ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Anopheles Quadrimaculatus ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Hyphal Bodies ◽  
Hyphal Body

As the fungus Coelomomyces punctatus develops in the coelomic cavity of the mosquito Anopheles quadrimaculatus, the conformation of the plasma membrane and extracellular coat of the fungus changes markedly. The vegetative stage was surrounded by a granular and fibrillar extracellular coat which reacted positively in the silver methenamine procedure for the localization of polysaccharides. Numerous simple, branched or contorted cytoplasmic protuberances covered the irregularly shaped hyphal bodies. The surface of the hyphal body adjacent to the fat body of the mosquito had occasional involutions of the plasma membrane sheathed by cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast with these hyphal bodies, cytoplasmic protuberances were spaced at wide intervals along filamentous hyphae. Aborting thalli were contorted and deeply lobed. The plasma membrane was smooth, and cytoplasmic protuberances were absent on other hyphae and hyphal bodies, particularly at advanced stages of infection. Instead unattached vesicles, morphologically similar to the protuberances found on some thalli, were embedded in granular material clustered around the smooth plasma membrane of these thalli. Mosquito hemocytes appeared to engulf these vesicles and granular material. As the vegetative stage was transformed into the reproductive stage, a newly formed, compact extracellular layer surrounded the sporangial initial. Later, a darkly staining wall appeared around the resting sporangium. Cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum consistently subtended thin areas in this pitted wall.

scholarly journals Development of Embryo Suspensors for Five Genera of Crassulaceae with Special Emphasis on Plasmodesmata Distribution and Ultrastructure

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno ◽  
Daria Majcher ◽  
Emilia Brzezicka ◽  
Joanna Rojek ◽  
Justyna Wróbel-Marek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Cell Transfer ◽  
Electron Dense Material ◽  
Full Development ◽  
The One ◽  
Embryonic Structure ◽  
Suspensor Cells

The suspensor in the majority of angiosperms is an evolutionally conserved embryonic structure functioning as a conduit that connects ovule tissues with the embryo proper for nutrients and growth factors flux. This is the first study serving the purpose of investigating the correlation between suspensor types and plasmodesmata (PD), by the ultrastructure of this organ in respect of its full development. The special attention is paid to PD in representatives of Crassulaceae genera: Sedum, Aeonium, Monanthes, Aichryson and Echeveria. The contribution of the suspensor in transporting nutrients to the embryo was confirmed by the basal cell structure of the suspensor which produced, on the micropylar side of all genera investigated, a branched haustorium protruding into the surrounding ovular tissue and with wall ingrowths typically associated with cell transfer. The cytoplasm of the basal cell was rich in endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, dictyosomes, specialized plastids, microtubules, microbodies and lipid droplets. The basal cell sustained a symplasmic connection with endosperm and neighboring suspensor cells. Our results indicated the dependence of PD ultrastructure on the type of suspensor development: (i) simple PD are assigned to an uniseriate filamentous suspensor and (ii) PD with an electron-dense material are formed in a multiseriate suspensor. The occurrence of only one or both types of PD seems to be specific for the species but not for the genus. Indeed, in the two tested species of Sedum (with the distinct uniseriate/multiseriate suspensors), a diversity in the structure of PD depends on the developmental pattern of the suspensor. In all other genera (with the multiseriate type of development of the suspensor), the one type of electron-dense PD was observed.

Actomyosin-based motility of endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplasts in Vallisneria mesophyll cells*

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Liebe ◽  
Diedrik Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Mesophyll Cells

The tylenchid (Nematoda) egg shell: formation of the egg shell in Meloidogyne javanica

Parasitology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. McClure ◽  
A. F. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Dense Cytoplasm ◽  
Cytoplasmic Bridges ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Lipid Layers

SummaryOogonia of Meloidogyne javanica are radially arranged around a central rachis to which they are attached by cytoplasmic bridges. As the oocytes mature the rachis disappears and the oocytes pass through the oviduct in tandem. The oviduct-spermatotheca valve is constructed of two rows of tightly packed cells of which there are four per row. The nuclei of these cells are large and contain balloon-shaped cytoplasmic invaginations. The spermatotheca is characterized by microtubules which extend to its lumen and by invaginations of plasmalemma. Cells of the distal uterine region contain large intracytoplasmic spaces bordered by endoplasmic reticulum whereas proximal uterine cells have dense cytoplasm and large areas of compact endoplasmic reticulum. Egg-shell formation begins in the spermatotheca with the modification of the oolemma to form the vitelline layer. The chitinous layer begins in the distal portion of the uterus and appears to originate from the egg. Proline-containing protein is incorporated into the chitinous and lipid layers as the egg passes through the mid-region of the uterus and formation of the lipid layer in this region completes egg development.

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