Pattern of root initiation by an ectomycorrhizal fungus on hypocotyl cuttings of Larix laricina

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Stein ◽  
J. André Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Rooting Pattern ◽  
And Control ◽  
Distribution Of Roots ◽  
Hypocotyl Cuttings

The rooting pattern of tamarack hypocotyl cuttings produced under the influence of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton was assessed and compared with the rooting patterns induced by three plant growth regulators. No callus was produced in fungal and control treatments, and the rooting percentages were 93 and 100%, respectively. The fungal treatment caused an upward distribution of roots along the hypocotyls, while in the controls the roots formed only at the base of the hypocotyls. Appreciable callus tissue formation was promoted by all naphtaleneacetic acid concentrations (1, 10, and 50 μM) and rooting percentages never exceeded 10%. A slight swelling at the base of the cuttings was induced by 1 μM indolebutyric acid, whereas higher concentrations (10 and 50 μM) promoted callus tissue formation. Hypocotyls cultured along with the fungus in the auxin-supplemented media did not exhibit any callus tissue formation, and numerous root primordia were initiated on the hypocotyl axis. Callus tissue was absent or negligible on the cuttings treated with ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 50, 75, and 100 μM. The rooting percentages were optimal at the higher ethephon concentrations, while at 50 μM 93% of the hypocotyls formed roots and root primordia. A redistribution of roots along the hypocotyl was observed with 75 and 100 μM ethephon in a manner similar to the fungal treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of Clonostachys rosea f. catenula Inoculum on the Composting of Cabbage Wastes and the Endophytic Activities of the Composted Material on Tomatoes and Red Spider Mite Infestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Nomfusi Ntsobi ◽  
Morris Fanadzo ◽  
Marilize Le Roes-Hill ◽  
Felix Nchu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Red Spider Mite ◽  
Phytotoxicity Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Globally, fungal inocula are being explored as agents for the optimization of composting processes. This research primarily evaluates the effects of inoculating organic vegetable heaps with the entomopathogenic fungus Clonostachys rosea f. catenula (Hypocreales) on the biophysicochemical properties of the end-product of composting. Six heaps of fresh cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) waste were inoculated with C. rosea f. catenula conidia and another six were not exposed to the fungus. The composted materials from the fungus- and control-treated heaps were subsequently used as a medium to cultivate tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). The biophysicochemical characteristics of the composted materials were also assessed after composting. In addition, the protective effect of the fungal inoculum against red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) infestations in the tomatoes was evaluated through the determination of conidial colonization of the plant tissue and the number of plants infested by the insect. Furthermore, phytotoxicity tests were carried out post experiment. There were few significant variations (p < 0.05) in heap temperature or moisture level between treatments based on the weekly data. We found no significant differences in the levels of compost macronutrient and micronutrient constituents. Remarkably, the composted materials, when incorporated into a growth medium from fungus-treated heaps, induced a 100% endophytic tissue colonization in cultivated tomato plants. While fewer red spider mite infestations were observed in tomato plants grown in composted materials from fungus-treated heaps, the difference was not significant (χ2 = 0.96 and p = 0.32). The fungal treatment yielded composted materials that significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced tomato seed germination, and based on the phytotoxicity test, the composted samples from the heaps exposed to the C. rosea f. catenula inoculum were not toxic to tomato seeds and seedlings. In conclusion, this study showed that C. rosea f. catenula improved the quality of composted materials in terms of fungal endophytism and seed germination.

Methods of application of indolebutyric acid and basal lesion on ‘Woodard’ blueberry cuttings in different seasons

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maíra Tiaki Higuchi ◽  
Luana Tainá Machado Ribeiro ◽  
Aline Cristina de Aguiar ◽  
Douglas Mariani Zeffa ◽  
Sergio Ruffo Roberto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Alcohol Solution ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Cutting Length ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
And Control ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Methods Of Application

Abstract Blueberry cuttings are difficult to root, so alternatives that maximize their rhizogenic potential are essential for the expansion of the crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the basal lesion and different methods of indolebutyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of ‘Woodard’ herbaceous cuttings, collected in two seasons. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 3x2x2 factorial arrangement, totaling 12 treatments and five replications. The factors consisted of different ways of IBA application (talc and alcohol in the concentration of 1,000 mg L-1, and without IBA), season of collection (autumn and summer), and two types of cuttings (with and without lesion in the basal portion). Two hundred days after the beginning of the experiment, there was no significant effect of the basal lesion on the rooting of the cuttings. However, it was found that rooting is influenced by the season of collection, with greater leaf retention, dry weight, number of roots per cutting, length of roots and length of the largest root collected in summer. The application of IBA talc provided a higher percentage of rooted cuttings (61.0%) in relation to alcohol (31.0%) and control (41.0%) when collected in the autumn. There was no difference between seasons when IBA was applied with talc, however, the application with alcohol solution and the control resulted in higher percentages of rooted cuttings in the summer (70.0% and 67.0%, respectively). Summer was considered the best season to collect ‘Woodard’ blueberry cuttings, although the IBA applied with talc has increased the percentage of rooted cuttings in the autumn. The basal lesion did not promote an increase in rooting.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity evaluation of Cytospora eucalypticola isolated from Eucalyptus spp: cankers in Uruguay

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Alonso ◽  
Sandra Lupo ◽  
Lina Bettucci
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stem Cankers ◽  
And Control

Cytospora eucalypticola has been frequently associated with twig and stem cankers and as endophyte of Eucalyptus globulus and E. grandis in Uruguay. Mycelium discs of two C. eucalypticola isolates obtained from actively growing colonies were inoculated, both superficially and on experimentally wounded stems of E. globulus and E. grandis. No inoculated and control plants have shown any discoloration, gumosis or necrosis nor did they display lesions ten months after inoculation. Callus tissue was formed, partially or wholly occluding the wounds. The ability to penetrate healthy tissues and the inability to produce lesions evidenced that the presence of C. eucalypticola in twig and stem cankers could result from saprotrophic expansion of the endophytic mycelium in dying tissues, cankers probably being produced by different environmental stress conditions.

scholarly journals Efficacy of an acid-oxidising solution (AOS) against Mycobacterium ulcerans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa Warryn ◽  
Gerd Pluschke
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Granulation Tissue Formation ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
And Control

For the treatment of chronic wounds, acid-oxidising solutions (AOSs) with broad-spectrum microbicidal activity without disturbing granulation tissue formation, have been developed. We found AOSs to efficiently kill Mycobacterium ulcerans , the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, which is able to survive harsh decontamination treatments. Topical AOS treatment of Buruli ulcer lesions may support the recommended antibiotic therapy (oral rifampicin and clarithromycin), prevent contamination of the environment by the mycobacteria, and control secondary infections, which are a prevalent wound management problem in resource-poor Buruli ulcer endemic settings.

scholarly journals Application of biomaterials in experimentally induced alveolar bone osteoporosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Zorica Ajdukovic ◽  
Dragan Mihailovic ◽  
Stevo Najman ◽  
Vojin Savic ◽  
Ljiljana Aleksov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Autologous Plasma ◽  
Left Mandible ◽  
And Control ◽  
Bone Tissue Formation

Rehabilitation of alveolar bone with tissue defect caused by advanced osteoporosis is a common problem in stomatology and maxillofacial surgery. One of therapeutic approaches is implantation of biomaterials. The aim of this study was to estimate biocompatibility, osteoconductive and reparative capabilities of biomaterials in wound healing of rats which are experimentally treated with corticosteroids during 12 weeks to produce osteoporosis. The syngenic Sprague Dolly female rats 6-8 weeks old were divided into the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group comprising 5 subgroups, the bone defects were made in the left mandible by 1.4 mm borer, in sterile conditions. In the first subgroup of rats healing wasspontaneous. In other four subgroups hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite, a mixture of HAp and autologous plasma, a mixture of HAp and fibrin glue, and glass jonomer bone cement were used, respectively. The best results were obtained with a mixture of HAp with plasma. Histologically, the new bone tissue was found in both spongious and compact mandibular parts. Our. results suggest that HAp can help in new bone tissue formation in animals treated with corticosteroids.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Pemberian IAA, IBA, NAA, dan Root-up pada Pembibitan Kesemek

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Eko Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Napthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Stock Cutting ◽  
Root Cutting ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
And Control

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><em>Oriental persimmon (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Diospyros</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">kaki</span> L.) originated from and has mainly been cultivated in China, Korea, and Japan, and currently it is cultivated in Batu, Kuningan, and Brastagi regions, Indonesia. Success in propagating persimmon in Indonesia has been limited. The objective of the study was to determine propagation techniques through root cutting supplemented with auxin treatment. All seedlings from root stock cutting</em><em> </em><em>supplemented with 100 ppm of either indoleacetic acid (IAA), indolebutyric acid (IBA), α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), or Root-up, and control. The results showed bud form stem or root cuttings treated with IAA, NAA and Root-up 100 ppm emerged earlier than IBA 100 ppm and control.</em><em> </em><em>The percentage of mortality of Root-up 100 ppm treatment and control cuttings was the highest (50%) than the others treatments. IAA and IBA treatments stimulated larger number of shoot, 16.5 and 17.0 shoots, respectively. The number of leaves was higher in plant treated with IAA 100 ppm (20.8 leaves). </em></p><p><em>Keywords: auxin, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Diospyros</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">kaki</span> L., germination, leaf number, root stock</em></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong> </strong></p><p>Tanaman kesemek atau oriental persimmon (<em>Diospyros kaki </em>L.) banyak dibudidayakan di China, Korea, serta Jepang, dan saat ini banyak ditanam di Indonesia seperti di daerah Batu, Kuningan, dan Brastagi. Keberhasilan pembibitan kesemek di Indonesia masih rendah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperbanyak tanaman secara vegetatif dari pemisahan tunas akar dengan perlakuan auksin guna mendukung pengembangan pembibitan tanaman kesemek. Perbanyakan tanaman dilakukan dengan tunas akar yang direndam dengan auksin (IAA, IBA, NAA, dan Root-up; masing-masing 100 ppm), serta perlakuan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan IAA, NAA dan Root-up 100 ppm menghasilkan tunas lebih awal dibandingkan dengan kontrol dan IBA 100 ppm. Tingkat kematian bibit tertinggi mencapai 50% terjadi pada perlakuan Root-up 100 ppm dan kontrol. Jumlah tunas terbanyak dihasilkan oleh perlakuan IAA dan IBA sebanyak 16.5 dan 17.0 tunas. Jumlah daun terbanyak dihasilkan oleh perlakuan IAA 100 ppm (20.8 helai).</p><p>Kata kunci: auksin, <em>Diospyros kaki </em>L., jumlah daun, muncul tunas, tunas akar</p>

scholarly journals The efficacy of Chondrostereum purpureum in sprout control of birch during mechanized pre-commercial thinning

BioControl ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Laine ◽  
Leena Hamberg ◽  
Veli-Matti Saarinen ◽  
Timo Saksa
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Clear Effect ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Stump Sprouting ◽  
Chondrostereum Purpureum ◽  
And Control ◽  
Stump Sprouts

Abstract The efficacy of mechanized pre-commercial thinning (PCT) done by a lightweight mini-harvester Tehojätkä together with the Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Pouzar fungal treatment (dilutions 1:100, 1:200, 1:400) and control (cutting only) was studied for three years. The efficacy of the fungal treatment was defined as capability to prevent sprouting of birch (Betula pendula Roth. and B. pubescens Ehrh.). The fungal treatment resulted in higher stump mortality and lower number of sprouts but it did not have a clear effect on the maximum height of stump sprouts. However, mortalities obtained in this study (34.1%, 26.8%, and 25.6% for dilutions 1:100, 1:200, and 1:400, respectively) were notably lower compared to previous studies which indicate that the accuracy of the spreading mechanism was not satisfactory. We conclude that it is possible to decrease stump sprouting with the fully mechanized fungal treatment but putting this implementation into practice needs more testing to increase efficacy.

24-epibrassinolide effects on in vitro callus tissue formation, growth, and regeneration in wheat varieties with contrasting drought resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Seldimirova ◽  
M. V. Bezrukova ◽  
I. R. Galin ◽  
A. R. Lubyanova ◽  
F. M. Shakirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Cicatrisation et formation de racines adventives sur des boutures de tiges d'épinette de Norvège (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-593
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Girouard
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Vascular Connection ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells

A histological study of stem cuttings collected from 4-year-old Piceaabies and planted under intermittent mist, revealed the presence of a closing layer and wound periderm during wound healing and root primordia near leaf traces. No callus tissue was formed. Approximately 14 days after planting, root initiation started in phloem ray parenchyma cells. Root initials divided tangentially or in a slightly oblique plane. After 28 days, root primordia developed when cells divided in various planes. Between the 28th and the 35th day, the morphological differentiation of root primordia began. After 35 days, many primordia possessed an apical meristem, a young rootcap, and the beginning of a vascular cylinder and cortical parenchyma. The roots emerged either through, or a few millimetres above, the basal end of the cuttings. Parenchyma cells located at the proximal end of the roots differentiated into vascular elements and provided a vascular connection between the newly formed organs and the stems.

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