Fungi on Juncus roemerianus. 8. New bitunicate ascomycetes

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1830-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kohlmeyer ◽  
Brigitte Volkmann-Kohlmeyer ◽  
Ove E. Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
New Genus ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Juncus Roemerianus

Heleiosa barbatula gen. et sp.nov., Massariosphaeria erucacea sp.nov., and Scirrhia annulata sp.nov. are described from Juncus roemerianus in salt marshes of the United States east coast. Whereas H. barbatula is very rare, the other two species do not show a seasonality because they occurred in almost every one of the monthly collections made throughout 2 years. The new genus Heleiosa is of unknown affinity but may belong to Dothideales s.l. Keywords: ascomycetes, Heleiosa, Juncus, Massariosphaeria, salt marsh, Scirrhia.

scholarly journals Release of Dimethylsulfide from Dimethylsulfoniopropionate by Plant-Associated Salt Marsh Fungi

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1484-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Bacic ◽  
S. Y. Newell ◽  
D. C. Yoch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smooth Cordgrass ◽  
Secondary Product ◽  
Mitosporic Fungi ◽  
Eukaryotic Algae ◽  
Lyase Activity

ABSTRACT The range of types of microbes with dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) lyase capability (enzymatic release of dimethylsulfide [DMS] from DMSP) has recently been expanded from bacteria and eukaryotic algae to include fungi (a species of the genus Fusarium[M. K. Bacic and D. C. Yoch, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:106–111, 1998]). Fungi (especially ascomycetes) are the predominant decomposers of shoots of smooth cordgrass, the principal grass of Atlantic salt marshes of the United States. Since the high rates of release of DMS from smooth cordgrass marshes have a temporal peak that coincides with peak shoot death, we hypothesized that cordgrass fungi were involved in this DMS release. We tested seven species of the known smooth cordgrass ascomycetes and discovered that six of them exhibited DMSP lyase activity. We also tested two species of ascomycetes from other DMSP-containing plants, and both were DMSP lyase competent. For comparison, we tested 11 species of ascomycetes and mitosporic fungi from halophytes that do not contain DMSP; of these 11, only 3 were positive for DMSP lyase. A third group tested, marine oomycotes (four species of the genera Halophytophthora andPythium, mostly from mangroves), showed no DMSP lyase activity. Two of the strains of fungi found to be positive for DMSP lyase also exhibited uptake of DMS, an apparently rare combination of capabilities. In conclusion, a strong correlation exists between a fungal decomposer’s ability to catabolize DMSP via the DMSP lyase pathway and the host plant’s production of DMSP as a secondary product.

Fungi from decomposing Spartina alterniflora

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert V. Gessner ◽  
R. D. Goos
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Tidal Creek ◽  
East Coast ◽  
High Tide ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dominant Plant Species

Spartina alterniflora, the dominant plant species of the tidal salt marshes on the east coast of the United States, contributes significantly to estuarine primary productivity. Energy stored by the plant is released through decomposition as detritus or decomposer biomass. The role of fungi in these transformations has not been elucidated and was investigated in the present study. Dried, dead grass was confined in nylon bags, exposed on a salt marsh and in an adjacent tidal creek in southern Rhode Island, and a quantitative and qualitative study made of the fungi found to be associated with the decomposing grass. Twenty-seven species of fungi were isolated. The average number of fungal colonies/g dry wt. of grass was found to be higher in material exposed on the salt marsh and subjected to immersion only at high tide (2436) than from material immersed in an adjacent creek (1021). The grass lost about 50% dry wt. after 6 months of exposure on the marsh.

The identity of the Chilean Amphibians collected by the United States exploring expedition

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4567 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
ESTEBAN O. LAVILLA ◽  
FELIPE E. RABANAL ◽  
JOSÉ A. LANGONE ◽  
DAYANA VÁSQUEZ ◽  
CAMILA CASTRO-CARRASCO
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Genus And Species

Between mid-May and early June of 1839, members of the United States Exploring Expedition collected diverse anurans in the environs of Valparaíso, Chile, later described by Girard in 1853. Of this set of species, Metaeus timidus, described there as a new genus and species, attracts attention because is a name that practically disappeared from the herpetological literature. Its identification, along with that of the other Chilean taxa collected by the USEE (Cystignathus nebulosus Girard, 1853, Pleurodema bibroni Tschudi, 1838, Pleurodema elegans Bell, 1843, Bufo lugubrosus Girard, 1853, Bufo thaul Lesson, 1826 and Metaeus timidus Girard, 1853) are the main objectives of this contribution.

scholarly journals The evolution of saltmarsh mosquito control water management practices relative to coastal resiliency in the Mid-Atlantic and northeastern United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Wolfe ◽  
Paul Zarebicki ◽  
William Meredith
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Water Management ◽  
United States ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wildlife Habitat

AbstractSalt marshes are dynamic ecosystems that change in response to local geographic and geologic factors as well as sea level changes. Most east coast salt marshes are the result of rising sea levels since the end of the last ice age, about 20,000 ybp. To compound this natural process, anthropogenic manipulations for farming, development and other purposes have occurred for centuries. Alterations to salt marshes for the purpose of controlling larval mosquitoes at their source, at least along the east coast of the United States, have occurred since the early twentieth century. These alterations have included large-scale manipulations such as extensive parallel grid-ditching and impounding. Within the last 50 years, more selective source reduction methods such as Open Marsh Water Management (OMWM) have been employed with fewer deleterious impacts to marsh resources. Even more recently, the more holistic approach of Integrated Marsh Management (IMM) has been used with considerable success particularly in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states. IMM not only uses OMWM techniques but incorporates the judicious use of mosquito control pesticides, tidal flow restoration, impoundment management, wildlife habitat enhancement, invasive plant control, and selective shallow ditching (“runneling”) depending on local conditions and management plans. As many marshes are becoming wetter and either drowning or migrating inland (where possible) due to the effects of increasing rates of sea level rise, the compounding long-term impacts of parallel grid-ditching and past manipulations on marsh surface elevation and hydrology are being more intently studied. These changes in saltmarsh dynamics have had and will continue to have impacts on where saltmarsh mosquitoes are produced, which could have corollary effects on public health and quality of life near coastal communities. As salt marshes continue to change, mosquito control agencies can play a significant role in providing input for salt marsh restoration and management in addition to their primary objective of vector control and enhancing quality of life.

A Population Survey of Members of the Phylum Bacteroidetes Isolated from Salt Marsh Sediments along the East Coast of the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lydell ◽  
L. Dowell ◽  
M. Sikaroodi ◽  
P. Gillevet ◽  
D. Emerson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marsh Sediments ◽  
Salt Marsh Sediments

scholarly journals Pollen Geochronology from the Atlantic Coast of the United States during the Last 500 Years

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Christie ◽  
Christopher E. Bernhardt ◽  
Andrew C. Parnell ◽  
Timothy A. Shaw ◽  
Nicole S. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pollen Data ◽  
Sediment Reworking ◽  
Salt Marsh Sediment ◽  
The Impact

Building robust age–depth models to understand climatic and geologic histories from coastal sedimentary archives often requires composite chronologies consisting of multi-proxy age markers. Pollen chronohorizons derived from a known change in vegetation are important for age–depth models, especially those with other sparse or imprecise age markers. However, the accuracy of pollen chronohorizons compared to other age markers and the impact of pollen chronohorizons on the precision of age–depth models, particularly in salt marsh environments, is poorly understood. Here, we combine new and published pollen data from eight coastal wetlands (salt marshes and mangroves) along the Atlantic Coast of the United States (U.S.) from Florida to Connecticut to define the age and uncertainty of 17 pollen chronohorizons. We found that 13 out of 17 pollen chronohorizons were consistent when compared to other age markers (radiocarbon, radionuclide 137Cs and pollution markers). Inconsistencies were likely related to the hyperlocality of pollen chronohorizons, mixing of salt marsh sediment, reworking of pollen from nearby tidal flats, misidentification of pollen signals, and inaccuracies in or misinterpretation of other age markers. Additionally, in a total of 24 models, including one or more pollen chronohorizons, increased precision (up to 41 years) or no change was found in 18 models.

Working With Interpreters to Support Students Who Are English Language Learners

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette W. Langdon ◽  
Terry Irvine Saenz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Second Best ◽  
Support Students

The number of English Language Learners (ELL) is increasing in all regions of the United States. Although the majority (71%) speak Spanish as their first language, the other 29% may speak one of as many as 100 or more different languages. In spite of an increasing number of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who can provide bilingual services, the likelihood of a match between a given student's primary language and an SLP's is rather minimal. The second best option is to work with a trained language interpreter in the student's language. However, very frequently, this interpreter may be bilingual but not trained to do the job.

Armed Violence in the Ideology of Contemporary Islamic Fundamentalism - Study models

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Laith Mzahim Khudair Kazem
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Armed Violence ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
At Home

The armed violence of many radical Islamic movements is one of the most important means to achieve the goals and objectives of these movements. These movements have legitimized and legitimized these violent practices and constructed justification ideologies in order to justify their use for them both at home against governments or against the other Religiously, intellectually and even culturally, or abroad against countries that call them the term "unbelievers", especially the United States of America.

Aeromagnetic survey of the east coast of the United States, Georges Bank area 38-66

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Charles Behrendt ◽  
Kim D. Klitgord
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Aeromagnetic Survey

Aeromagnetic survey of the east coast of the United States, Georges Bank area 38-70

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Charles Behrendt ◽  
Kim D. Klitgord
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Aeromagnetic Survey
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