Leptodontidium quercuum: antagonism to Lentinula edodes in Quercus logs and conidiogenesis

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1649-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Tsuneda ◽  
Nitaro Maekawa ◽  
Mitsuo Komatsu
Keyword(s):  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Dematiaceous Hyphomycete ◽  
Log Cultivation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Scanning Electron

A dematiaceous hyphomycete, Leptodontidium quercuum, was found to be an extremely deleterious antagonistic fungus for log cultivation of Lentinula edodes, or Shiitake. In response to the approach of Lentinula edodes hyphae, the antagonist formed distinct, narrow, and shiny black zone lines in outer sapwood, cambium, and inner bark regions of Quercus bed logs. The zone line was a pseudosclerotic plate consisting of several layers of thick-walled, highly pigmented cells, and caused deadlock of the two fungi. Abundant slime material was exuded from Leptodontidium quercuum hyphae during the formation of pseudosclerotic plates. Neither bleaching nor decay occurred in the regions occupied by Leptodontidium quercuum where lumens of wood fibers, tracheids, vessels, and ray parenchyma were filled with its black sclerotic cells. Conidia of Leptodontidium quercuum formed on agar culture media after 2 to several months of incubation at 20 °C. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that development of conidia was either sympodial or phialidic. However, their occurrence in nature and function in dispersal and colonization remain unknown. Key words: Leptodontidium quercuum, Lentinula edodes, mushroom cultivation, Quercus bed logs, antagonism, conidiogenesis.

Biophysical stimulation for in vitro engineering of functional cardiac tissues

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (13) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Korolj ◽  
Erika Yan Wang ◽  
Robert A. Civitarese ◽  
Milica Radisic
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Lineage Specification ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
Cardiac Lineage ◽  
And Function ◽  
Tissue Models

Engineering functional cardiac tissues remains an ongoing significant challenge due to the complexity of the native environment. However, our growing understanding of key parameters of the in vivo cardiac microenvironment and our ability to replicate those parameters in vitro are resulting in the development of increasingly sophisticated models of engineered cardiac tissues (ECT). This review examines some of the most relevant parameters that may be applied in culture leading to higher fidelity cardiac tissue models. These include the biochemical composition of culture media and cardiac lineage specification, co-culture conditions, electrical and mechanical stimulation, and the application of hydrogels, various biomaterials, and scaffolds. The review will also summarize some of the recent functional human tissue models that have been developed for in vivo and in vitro applications. Ultimately, the creation of sophisticated ECT that replicate native structure and function will be instrumental in advancing cell-based therapeutics and in providing advanced models for drug discovery and testing.

Ray Structure in Root- and Stem-Wood of Larix Decidua: Implications for Root Identification and Function

IAWA Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Denne ◽  
Peter Gasson
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
And Function

Differences in ray structure between root- and stem-wood of softwoods can cause confusion in identifying roots using keys based on stem-wood anatomy. Comparison of root- and stem-wood rays of Larix decidua showed root-wood had fewer ray tracheids, taller, wider but shorter ray parenchyma cells, and larger cross-field pits than stem-wood. The implications of these differences are considered in relation to the identification and function of roots.

scholarly journals Effect of Lignin-Containing Media on Growth of Medicinal Mushroom Lentinula Edodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Nataļja Matjuškova ◽  
Laura Okmane ◽  
Dzintra Zaļā ◽  
Linda Rozenfelde ◽  
Māris Puķe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Solid Nutrient Medium

Abstract The effect of lignocellulose and lignin on growth of mycelium of mushroom Lentinula edodes and laccase activity in cultivation medium was studied. It was shown that cultivation of L. edodes mycelium in liquid nutrient medium with addition of 0.25-0.5% of kraft lignin increased mycelium biomass yield approximately two times compared with reference conditions without addition of lignin. Similar results were obtained in experiments in which 0.5% lignocellulose that remained after obtaining furfural, and 0.5% lignin that remained after obtaining furfural and glucose from wheat straw, were added to the nutrient medium. This effect was greater in the conditions of cultivation with good aeration, compared with static culture. Laccase activity in medium increased after addition of wheat straw lignocellulose or lignin only in the case of mycelium cultivation with aeration. In the case of mushroom cultivation on solid nutrient medium, addition of wheat straw lignocellulose and lignin promoted growth of mycelium only during the first 7 days of cultivation.

Collagen IV promotes repair of renal cell physiological functions after toxicant injury

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. F443-F453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Nony ◽  
Grazyna Nowak ◽  
Rick G. Schnellmann
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Proximal Tubular Cell ◽  
Renal Development ◽  
Acid Phosphate ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Sublethal Injury ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Renal Proximal Tubular ◽  
And Function

Collagen IV is found in the renal proximal tubular cell (RPTC) basement membrane and is a mediator of renal development and function. Pharmacological concentrations ofl-ascorbic acid phosphate (AscP) promote the repair of physiological functions in RPTC sublethally injured by S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine (DCVC). We hypothesized that AscP promotes RPTC repair by stimulating collagen IV synthesis and/or deposition. RPTC exhibited increased synthesis but decreased deposition of collagen IV after DCVC exposure. In contrast, RPTC cultured in pharmacological concentrations of AscP maintained collagen IV deposition. The activity of prolyl hydroxylase was decreased in RPTC after DCVC injury, an effect that was partially attenuated in injured RPTC cultured in pharmacological concentrations of AscP. The addition of exogenous collagen IV to the culture media of DCVC-injured RPTC promoted the repair of mitochondrial function and Na+-K+-ATPase activity. However, neither collagen I, laminin, nor fibronectin promoted cell repair. These data demonstrate an association between AscP-stimulated deposition of collagen IV and exogenous collagen IV and repair of physiological functions, suggesting that collagen IV plays a specific role in RPTC repair after sublethal injury.

Investigation of the Fracture of Resinated Single Wood Fibers in an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (Esem)

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 838-839
Author(s):  
A. Egan ◽  
S. Shaler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Single fiber fracture is important in understanding the fundamental failure mechanisms in wood/polymer composite products such as medium density fiberboard (MDF). The mechanical properties and fracture behavior of individual wood fibers has only recently been observable using a combination of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), laser scanning confocal microscopy and digital image correlation (DIC). Previous work has shown that specific areas on the fiber such as microcompressions and pits acted as crack nucelators and induce a brash fracture across the surface of the fiber. Given the development of these procedures it is now possible to observe and measure the mechanical properties and fracture characteristics of the wood fiber/ polymer composite fibers.Individual black spruce wood fibers were coated with diphenylmethane 4-4'diisocyanate resin containing Hostasol Red GG. The addition of the Hostasol Red flurochrome provided the option of quantifying resin coverage by fluorescence microscopy.

The use of rumen material in culture media for rumen bacteria

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 960 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Munch-Petersen ◽  
CAP Boundy
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Sheep Rumen

The suggestion that homologous rumen fluid in culture media results in better growth of rumen bacteria than that obtained with heterologous fluid was tested with samples of rumen material from cows and sheep, with the use of rumen fluid from cows and sheep, and two agar culture media. It is shown that the suggestion cannot be taken as applying in general. With rumen material from the cow, the use of either type of rumen fluid gave the same growth, whereas with rumen material from the sheep, growth was depressed by use of sheep rumen fluid.

scholarly journals Real-time measurement of cholesterol secreted by human hepatocytes using a novel microfluidic assay

TECHNOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Sonali Karnik ◽  
Chaeeun Lee ◽  
Andrea Cancino ◽  
Abhinav Bhushan
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Human Hepatocytes ◽  
Polystyrene Bead ◽  
Real Time Measurement ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Tissue Chip ◽  
And Function ◽  
Line Analysis

The use of microfluidics has become widespread in recent years because of the use of lesser resources such as small size, low volume of reagents, and physiological representation of mammalian cells. One of the advantages of microfluidic-based cell culture is the ability to perfuse culture media which tends to improve cellular health and function. Although measurement of cellular function conventionally is carried out using well-plates and plate readers, these approaches are insufficient to carry out in-line analysis of perfused cell cultures because of mismatch between volumes and sensitivity. We report the development of a novel microfluidic device and assay that is carried out under perfusion, in-line to measure the cholesterol secreted from a human hepatocyte tissue-chip. The heart of the assay is the unique implementation of enzymatic chemistry that is carried out on a polystyrene bead. Using this approach, we successfully measured cholesterol secreted by the perfused human hepatocytes.

Silica in Woody Stems

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Scurfield ◽  
CA Anderson ◽  
ER Segnit
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xylem Parenchyma ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy has been used to examine silica isolated by chemical means from the wood of 32 species of woody perennial. The silica consists of aggregate grains lying free in the lumina or in ray and xylem parenchyma cells in 24 of the species. It occurs as dense silica in the other species, filling the lumina or lining the internal surfaces of vessels (and fibres) in all cases except Gynotroches axillaris where it is deposited in ray parenchyma cells. Infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction diagrams, obtained for specimens of both sorts of silica, are indistinguishable from those for amorphous silica. Aggregate grain and dense silicas are also alike in that their differential thermal analysis curves show a rather broad endothermic peak between 175° and 205°C. The results are discussed in relation to possible modes of deposition of the two sorts of silica and the tendency for silica in ray parenchyma cells to be associated with polyphenols.

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