Predictability of the combined effects of sulphur dioxide and nitrate on the green-algal lichen Ramalina farinacea

The interactive effects of SO2 and NO3− on the green-algal lichen Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. were investigated using the degree of chlorophyll phaeophytinization and ultrastructural damage to the Trebouxia photobiont. Thalli were submitted to several factorial design experiments in which they were exposed to mean SO2 concentrations ranging from 118 to 140 nmol∙mol−1 plus or minus aqueous solutions of NO3− at either 50 or 1000 μmol∙L−1, for 6–14 days. Interactive effects of SO2 and NO3− were synergistic when the effects of each individual pollutant were slight. However, this pattern reverted to additive effects, and sequentially to antagonistic effects as the detrimental impact of SO2 alone became more severe. Despite this transition, neutralization of the damaging impact of SO2 by simultaneous treatment with NO3− was not observed. The results show that interactions between SO2 and NO3− were variable, but predictable on the basis of the expected effects following exposure to each pollutant alone. The coincidence of this empirical pattern with those observed in previous studies suggests involvement of unspecific causes. The wider ecological significance of interactions between SO2 and NO3− is discussed in the light of other findings with respect to the effects of air pollution on lichens in the field. Key words: air pollution, sulphur dioxide, nitrate, interactive effects, lichens, pigments, ultrastructure.

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Methods for measurement of air pollution. Determination of sulphur dioxide

10.3403/30307345 ◽

1963 ◽

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Sulphur Dioxide

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1115. More about air pollution by sulphur dioxide

Food and Cosmetics Toxicology ◽

10.1016/s0015-6264(66)80661-2 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 549

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Sulphur Dioxide

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Air Quality Profile in an Enclosed Car Park

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 567 ◽

pp. 3-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nurul Izma Mohammed ◽

Nurfadhilah Othman ◽

Khairul Bariyah Baharuddin

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Health Effects ◽

Sulphur Dioxide ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Kuala Lumpur ◽

Short Supply ◽

Car Park

Complaints on poor air quality in an enclosed car park have been raised up among the public, which might cause serious health effects to the drivers, passengers, and labours who are working at the premises. Improper design of mechanical ventilation systems in a car park would result in a poor indoor environment. The exhaust emission of motor vehicle contains a variety of potentially harmful substances encompassing carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, hydrocarbons, and fine particulates. In Kuala Lumpur, there is a great demand but a short supply of lands and building spaces. Thus, a large multi-storey underground car parks is a common solution for both, the government and developers. Although the health effects of the motor vehicle emissions and ambient air pollution are already known, but due to the nature of enclosed multi-storey car parks, these health risks are predicted to be intensified. Thus, it is crucial to investigate and evaluate the status of the air pollution in the enclosed car parks with emphasis on sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxides (NO2). Samples were collected in one of the famous shopping malls in Kuala Lumpur using a GrayWolf Advanced Sense Direct Sense; Toxic Gas Test Meters from 8 am until 5 pm on weekdays and weekends. The results demonstrate that the concentrations of SO2 and NO2 on weekends is higher than weekdays. Besides, the concentrations for both weekdays and weekends have exceeded the standard limit set by the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline (MAAQG).

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DAMPAK POLUSI PARTIKEL DEBU DAN GAS KENDARAAN BERMOTOR PADA VOLUME DAN KAPASITAS PARU

JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM) ◽

10.35790/jbm.1.2.2009.814 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jehosua Sinolungan

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Global Health ◽

Inner City ◽

Key Words ◽

Urban Environment ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Dust Particles ◽

Key Words Air Pollution ◽

Negative Impacts

Abstract: The increasing number of vehicles which increase air pollution has negative impacts on global health, especially that of lung problems. Nowadays, people’s mobility is fast and variable, needing better and more environmentally friendly transportation, without neglecting the socio-economic aspect. These are the reasons to develop better and more environmentally related transportation facilities. By understanding air pollution mechanisms, and kinds of particles and pollutants from vehicles, we will appreciate and pay more attention to our environment, especially in urban areas. Collaboration among health and government related departments has to be improved to regulate the use of inner city vehicles, so that it can decrease lung problems. Key words: air pollution, transportation, dust particles, urban environment. Abstrak: Bertambahnya jumlah kendaraan bermotor seiring dengan bertambahnya polusi udara, dan menimbulkan masalah global, yang berdampak negatif antara lain masalah kesehatan paru. Mobilitas manusia semakin beragam sehingga diperlukan dukungan sistem transportasi yang makin baik pula serta akrab lingkungan, tanpa mengabaikan segi sosio-ekonomi. Oleh karena itu sistem transportasi ini perlu dikembangkan menjadi sistem transportasi yang berkelanjutan. Diharapkan dengan mengetahui batasan polusi udara, jenis, serta dampak partikel debu dan gas kendaraan bermotor bagi kesehatan manusia akan membuat kita lebih mencintai dan memperhatikan lingkugan hidup kita, khususnya sekitar perkotaan. Perana kerjasama lintas sektoral untuk mengatasi polusi partikel debu dan gas buangan perlu ditingkatkan Pengaturan kendaraan layak beroperasi akan menekan mening-katnya kasus infeksi atau gangguan saluran napas. Kata kunci: polusi udara, transportasi, partikel debu, lingkungan perkotaan.

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Influence of air pollution on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Nis, Serbia

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp1006473m ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 473-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zoran Milosevic ◽

Dragan Bogdanovic ◽

Sladjana Jovic ◽

Aleksandra Stankovic ◽

Suzana Milutinovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Sulphur Dioxide ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Age Groups ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Age Group ◽

Short Term ◽

Limit Values ◽

Black Smoke

Background/Aim. In studies that investigate the health effects of short-term air pollution exposure, population-wide changes in acute outcomes such as mortality, hospital admissions and healthcare visits are linked to short-term variations in ambient pollutant concentrations. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between daily outdoor black smoke and sulphur dioxide levels and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Nis, within a period 2001-2005. Methods. A time series analysis was performed using separated regression models for each pollutant and disease group, by age groups and population as a whole. The effects of copollutant, meteorological factors and cyclic oscillations in hospitalization numbers were controlled. Results. A significant increase in hospital admissions was associated with a 10 ?g/m3 increase in the concentration of black smoke, for cardiovascular diseases: 3.14% (< 0.01) in children and youth under 19 years of age, 1.85% (< 0.001) in 19-64 age group, and 0.84% (< 0.05) in all ages, and for respiratory diseases: 1.77% (< 0.05) in 19-64 age group, and 0.91% (< 0.05) in all ages. The effects on hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in children and youth under 19 years of age, and for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in the elderly were not statistically significant. The increase of sulphur dioxide level was associated with the increased number of hospitalizations, for both cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in all age groups, but the influence was not statistically significant. Conclusion. Outdoor pollutants concentrations in urban area of Nis were below regulated limit values during most of the investigated period days but it is shown that even such a level of pollution has a significant effect on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

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Air pollution in towns in the United Kingdom

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.1971.0048 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 269 (1199) ◽

pp. 503-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

National Survey ◽

Sulphur Dioxide ◽

Urban Pollution ◽

Remedial Measures ◽

The Past ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Different Parts

The daily observations of smoke and sulphur dioxide that have been taken over the past ten years at some 1200 sites throughout the United Kingdom for the National Survey of Air Pollution, have provided a great deal of information on pollution in towns. An examination of this material is made to assess changes that have been occurring in levels of pollution in relation to the changing pattern of fuel consumption, and is used in trying to forecast the position in the next 15 or 20 years. A comparison is also made between pollution in towns in different parts of the U.K. The question of what levels of pollution may be tolerated is also considered. The part that aerodynamicists, architects and town planners can play in reducing urban pollution is discussed and an attempt is made to see what guidance can be given to them so that as far as pollution is concerned, the new and renewed towns of the future may avoid the mistakes of the past and therefore not need the costly remedial measures that now have to be taken in towns built in the past.

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