Plants colonized by AM fungi regulate further root colonization by AM fungi through altered root exudation

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Pinior ◽  
Urs Wyss ◽  
Yves Piché ◽  
Horst Vierheilig
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Gigaspora Rosea ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effect of root exudates from non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants colonized by one of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Gigaspora rosea Nicolson & Schenck, Glomus intraradices Smith & Schenck, or Glomus mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerd. & Trappe) on hyphal growth of Gi. rosea and G. intraradices in axenic culture and on root colonization by G. mosseae in soil was investigated. Root exudates from non-mycorrhizal cucumber plants clearly stimulated hyphal growth, whereas root exudates from all mycorrhizal cucumber plants tested showed no stimulation of the hyphal growth of Gi. rosea and only a slight stimulation of the hyphal growth of G. intraradices. Moreover, root exudates from all mycorrhizal cucumber plants inhibited root colonization by G. mosseae compared with the water-treated controls. These results suggest that plants colonized by AM fungi regulate further mycorrhization via their root exudates.Key words: Glomales, Gigaspora rosea, Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, root exudates, regulation.

scholarly journals Fungicides Added to Potting Substrate Affect Mycorrhizal Symbiosis between a Peach-Almond Rootstock and Glomus sp.

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1217-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Fontanet ◽  
V. Estaún ◽  
A. Camprubí ◽  
C. Calvet
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
Glomus Sp

Prior to the commercial use of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in the nursery, the effects of commonly used pesticides on symbiosis must be evaluated. Metalaxyl and propamocarb are two fungicides added to potting substrates to prevent diseases caused by phycomycetes. Both fungicides were incorporated into the potting substrate before the inoculation and planting of the peach-almond hybrid rootstock GF677 (Prunus persica L. × Prunus dulcis Mill. D.A. Webb). The AM fungus used were Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe and Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith. Glomus intraradices was not affected by either fungicide; however, metalaxyl adversely affected root colonization by G. mosseae and decreased rhizosphere activity as measured by esterase activity. Chemical names used: N-(2-methoxyacetyl)-N-(2,6-xylyl)-DL-alaninate) (metalaxyl); propyl 3(dimethylamino)propylcarbamate (propamocarb).

scholarly journals Identification of Root-Secreted Compounds Involved in the Communication Between Cucumber, the Beneficial Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the Soil-Borne Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Liu ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Gengwei Wu ◽  
Haichao Feng ◽  
Guishan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Split Root System ◽  
Cucumber Roots

Colonization of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is critical for exerting their beneficial effects on the plant. Root exudation is a major factor influencing the colonization of both PGPR and soil-borne pathogens within the root system. However, the tripartite interaction of PGPR, plant roots, and soil-borne pathogens is poorly understood. We screened root exudates for signals that mediate tripartite interactions in the rhizosphere. In a split-root system, we found that root colonization of PGPR strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 on cucumber root was significantly enhanced by preinoculation with SQR9 or the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, whereas root colonization of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum was reduced upon preinoculation with SQR9 or F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Root exudates from cucumbers preinoculated with SQR9 or F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum were analyzed and 109 compounds were identified. Correlation analysis highlighted eight compounds that significantly correlated with root colonization of SQR9 or F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. After performing colonization experiments with these chemicals, raffinose and tryptophan were shown to positively affect the root colonization of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum and SQR9, respectively. These results indicate that cucumber roots colonized by F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum or SQR9 increase root secretion of tryptophan to strengthen further colonization of SQR9. In contrast, these colonized cucumber roots reduce raffinose secretion to inhibit root colonization of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum.

The effect of flavones and flavonols on colonization of tomato plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the genera Gigaspora and Glomus

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M. Scervino ◽  
María A. Ponce ◽  
Rosa Erra-Bassells ◽  
Josefina Bompadre ◽  
Horst Vierheilig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Positive Effect

No clear data are available on how flavonoids from different chemical groups affect root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and whether flavonoids affecting the presymbiotic growth of AMF also affect root colonization by AMF. In the present work, we compared the effect of flavones (chrysin and luteolin) and flavonols (kaempferol, morin, isorhamnetin, and rutin) on root colonization (number of entry points and degree of root colonization) of tomato plants ( Lycopersicum esculentum L.) with the effect of these flavonoids on the presymbiotic growth of these AMF, which has been reported in a recent study. With all tested AMF ( Gigaspora rosea , Gigaspora margarita , Glomus mosseae, and Glomus intraradices) a correlation between the number of entry points and the percentage of root colonization was found. When the number of entry points was high, root colonization was also enhanced. Application of the flavones chrysin and luteolin and of the flavonol morin increased the number of entry points and the degree of colonization,whereas the flavonols kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and rutin showed no effect. These results show that in contrast to their effect on the presymbiotic growth of the AMF on the level of root colonization, the tested flavonoids do not exhibit a genus- and species-specificity. Moreover, comparison of our data with the data obtained by J.M. Scervino, M.A. Ponce, R. Erra-Bassells, H. Vierheilig, J.A. Ocampo, and A. Godeas. (2005a. J. Plant Interact. 15: 22–30) indicates that a positive effect on the hyphal growth of AMF does not necessarily result in an enhanced AM root colonization, further indicating that the mode of action of flavonoids at the level of root colonization is more complex.

An altered root exudation pattern through mycorrhization affecting microconidia germination of the highly specialized tomato pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) is not tomato specific but also occurs in Fol nonhost plants

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Scheffknecht ◽  
Marc St-Arnaud ◽  
Thanasan Khaosaad ◽  
Siegrid Steinkellner ◽  
Horst Vierheilig
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Tomato Pathogen

The effect of root exudates from plants colonized or noncolonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on microconidia germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) was studied. Root exudates from the Fol-host tomato and root exudates from Fol nonhost plants were tested. Root exudates from all tested plants stimulated microconidia germination. Mycorrhization increased the stimulatory effect exhibited by the root exudates from the Fol host tomato and from all Fol nonhost plants, showing that similar changes occur in the root exudates of all plants after mycorrhization.

scholarly journals Inducing Tolerance to the Root-lesion Nematode Pratylenchus vulnus by Early Mycorrhizal Inoculation of Micropropagated Myrobalan 29 C Plum Rootstock

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pinochet ◽  
A. Camprubí ◽  
C. Calvet ◽  
C. Fernández ◽  
R. Rodríguez Kábana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Pratylenchus Vulnus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Lesion Nematode

The beneficial effects of early mycorrhizal inoculation with two arbuscular fungi, Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe and Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith, were evaluated on Myrobalan 29 C (Prunus cerasifera × Prunus munsoniana Wight and Edr.) plum rootstock in soil infested or noninfested with the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus vulnus Allen and Jensen under microplot conditions. During this two year study, mycorrhizal colonization did not affect the number of nematodes per gram of root in plants infected with P. vulnus. In contrast, P. vulnus significantly decreased the percentage of mycorrhizal root colonization. Most elements were within sufficiency levels for plum by foliar analysis, although low P and deficient Fe and Cu levels were detected in P. vulnus treatments. Early mycorrhizal inoculation with G. mosseae favored plant growth after 20 months, but in soils infested by P. vulnus, only G. intraradices increased the tolerance of Myrobalan 29 C plum rootstock to damaging nematode levels by stimulating plant nutrition and vegetative growth.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Sugarcane Rhizosphere in Relation with Soil Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Promita DATTA ◽  
Mohan KULKARNI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Maximum Frequency ◽  
Ph Profile

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) species diversity and their root colonization patterns may vary in a plant species as influenced by soil environmental and biological factors. In the present study, sugarcane rhizospheric soils were collected from 41 main sugarcane producing tehsil places belonging to 10 districts from Maharashtra, India. Rhizospheric soil samples and roots were analyzed for spore density, relative abundance and frequency of AM spores at genus as well as at species level, extent of AM colonization in roots and various soil chemical properties. Soil sample from Jalgaon district possessed maximum spore density and AM root colonization. Genus Glomus exhibited highest relative abundance with maximum frequency of 32.55%. Species wise, Glomus fasciculatum possessed highest relative abundance and maximum frequency was observed in case of Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae and Glomus versiforme. Maximum similarity of AM spores was recorded between Satara and Sangli districts which may be because of almost similar soil pH profile. Data obtained after cluster analysis represented the close relationship between spore density, AM root colonization and soil Cu, Zn and Fe concentrations. A statistically significant positive correlation was also found when AM spore density and root colonization was compared with soil Cu, Zn and Fe contents. This kind of data can be used to predict type of AM fungi to be used as bioinoculant in particular region.

scholarly journals Soil Amendment with Different Peatmosses Affects Mycorrhizae of Onion

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Linderman ◽  
E.A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Gigaspora Rosea ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Glomus Deserticola

Formation of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) has been inhibited in soilless potting mixes that usually contain some proportion of peat moss. The cause of the inhibition has been thought to be high fertilizer P content in the media that suppresses spread of the fungal symbiont in the root tissue. However, there has also been some suggestion that the peats themselves may contribute to the inhibition. That possibility was explored in this study. A sandy-loam soil, in which mycorrhizae consistently enhance plant growth under P-limiting conditions, was amended with six different peats. Onions (Allium cepa 'White Lisbon'), as an indicator host, were grown in the mixes under P-limiting conditions, and were inoculated or not with the AM fungi Glomus deserticola or Gigaspora rosea. Plant growth response to inoculation with AM fungi (AMF) varied with the type of peat and AMF isolate. Inoculated plants generally had the highest root biomass when grown in soil amended with peat. Root colonization by the two fungal symbionts was also affected differently by different peat amendments. Root colonization by Glomus deserticola and Gigaspora rosea was inhibited by at least half of the peat types. However, the types of peat inhibitory to Gigaspora rosea colonization were not the same as those inhibitory to Glomus deserticola colonization. These results indicate that different peat amendments can suppress or enhance mycorrhiza formation on onion roots and resultant growth benefit under P-limiting conditions, depending on the mycorrhizal fungus used.

scholarly journals 010 Colonization Potential of Ornamental Plants by Two Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 442D-442
Author(s):  
S. Bergeron ◽  
M.-P. Lamy ◽  
B. Dansereau ◽  
S. Gagne ◽  
S. Parent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Colonization Potential ◽  
Solanaceae Family

While the majority of terrestial plants are colonized in soils by vesicular-arbuscular fungi (AM), that does not mean that these species can form a symbiosis with AM fungi in an artificial substrate under commercial production conditions. The purpose of this study was to identify those plants having a colonization potential. In Mar. 1998, 51 species and cultivars of ornamental plants were inoculated with two vesicular-arbuscular fungi (Glomus intraradices Schenk & Smith, and Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann; Premier Tech, Rivière-du-Loup, Quèbec). Periodic evaluations of colonization were done 5, 7, 9, 12, and 16 weeks after seeding. More than 59% of these plants tested were shown to have a good colonization potential with G. intraradices. Species belonging to the Compositae and Labiatae families all colonized. Species in the Solanaceae family showed slight to excellent colonization. Several species studied belonging to the Amaranthaceae, Capparidaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cruciferae, Gentianaceae, Myrtaceae et Portulaceae families were not colonized. Root colonization with G. etunicatum was not detected on these species and cultivars during this short experimental period.

Plants colonized by AM fungi regulate further root colonization by AM fungi through altered root exudation

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Pinior ◽  
Urs Wyss ◽  
Yves Piché ◽  
Horst Vierheilig
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Am Fungi
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