scholarly journals Reproductive biology of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.): breeding system analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1684-1688
Author(s):  
Sarena M Selbo ◽  
Jeffrey S Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Native Invasive

Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) represents a non-native, invasive weed that dominates many regions across North America. While many research efforts are aimed at controlling the growth and spread of this plant, relatively little is known about its breeding system. This study provides evidence that leafy spurge is self-compatible, with selfed plants producing roughly half as many seeds as outcrossed plants. Unpollinated flowers failed to set seed and thus preliminary tests for apomixis were negative. However, microscopic examination of pollinated flowers revealed that pollen tubes did not appear to enter ovules in either selfed or outcrossed flowers. Therefore, leafy spurge exhibits structural evidence that suggests pseudogamy may play a role in the reproductive strategies of this invasive weed.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.): breeding system analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1684-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarena M. Selbo ◽  
Jeffrey S. Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Euphorbia Esula

scholarly journals Release of Postsenescent Dormancy in Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) by Chilling

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Harvey ◽  
Robert M. Nowierski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
North America ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Number Of Stems

The growth and development of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esulaL. #3EPHES) collected during postsenescent dormancy and grown in the greenhouse was increasingly stimulated by chilling treatments longer than 14 days duration at 0 to 6 C. Production of stems with flower buds, primary flowers, and secondary flowers was greater in plants chilled for 42 days or more. The effects of chilling on total number of stems, number of strictly vegetative stems, or number of stems with vegetative branching were not significant. The height of the tallest stem per pot was influenced by chilling longer than 42 days. Growth rate also increased as a function of chilling duration. Based on our findings, we believe that there is little possibility that any significant growth can occur in the postsenescent period because of the prevailing climatic conditions found in areas of leafy spurge distribution in North America.

Morphometric studies of the Euphorbia esula group (Euphorbiaceae) in North America

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1978-1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Crompton ◽  
A. E. Stahevitch ◽  
W. A. Wojtas
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Single Variable ◽  
Authentic Material ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Euphorbia Cyparissias

Leafy spurge and cypress spurge are important weeds of pastures and unimproved rangeland in western and eastern North America, respectively. Taxonomists disagree as to whether leafy spurge is a single variable species or an aggregate of two or more species. Morphometric techniques (clustering by incremental sum of squares and principal coordinate analysis) were used to analyze relationships in leafy spurge and its allies. On the basis of studying 26 morphological characters found in 200 collections representing 32 putative taxa, we concluded that in North America only four species should be recognized, namely, Euphorbia agraria Bieb., Euphorbia cyparissias L., Euphorbia esula L., and Euphorbia ×pseudoesula Schur. A key to these taxa is provided. No authentic material of Euphorbia lucida Waldst. & Kitt. and Euphorbia salicifolia Host was found from this continent in the collections we examined.

Ovule, embryo sac, embryo, and endosperm development in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S Carmichael ◽  
Sarena M Selbo
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Nutrient Reserve ◽  
Endosperm Formation

Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is a noxious, invasive weed that dominates many agriculturally important regions. While many research efforts are currently aimed at controlling the spread of this plant, relatively little is known about its sexual reproductive biology, especially from a structural perspective. This report describes key features of ovule development, embryogenesis, and endosperm formation in leafy spurge. Ovules are anatropous, bitegmic, and form a zigzag micropyle. A distinct elaisome (caruncle) and hypostase are formed as ovules mature. Obturators are present and are derived from placental tissue. The embryo sac conforms to the Polygonum type. A single embryo is formed in each seed and stores nutrients primarily as globoid protein bodies. Endosperm is persistent and also contains protein bodies as its primary nutrient reserve. Preliminary structural evidence is presented that indicates the potential for apomixis.Key words: leafy spurge, Euphorbiaceae, Euphorbia, ovule, endosperm, embryo.

Genetic characterization of a red colour morph of Euphorbia esula subsp. esula (Euphorbiaceae) in the floodplains of the Saône (Eastern France)

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1001-1007
Author(s):  
Matthew Augé ◽  
Marie-Claude Bon ◽  
Laurent Hardion ◽  
Thomas Le Bourgeois ◽  
René F.H. Sforza
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Colour Morph ◽  
The Common ◽  
Region Form

A new morph of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L., was discovered in the floodplains of the Val de Saône (VDS), France. In this region, this emerging weed shows two different morph colours: the common “green” variant and a rarer “red” variant. We compared the sequence data for the plastid trnT–trnF region among individuals of both morphs from the VDS, as well as other populations from Europe and North America, where this plant is invasive. In addition, we analysed the ploidy found among VDS individuals for both colours. Results showed that both morphs share two of the three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotypes found in the VDS and are both hexaploids (2n = 6x = 60). These results suggest that the red morph is only an environmental variant of E. esula subsp. esula. Our results indicate that leafy spurge infestations in this region form a genetically diverse structuring composed of three cpDNA haplotypes, two of which are shared by the two morphs.

scholarly journals Response of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Clones to Chlorsulfuron, Clopyralid, and Glyphosate

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ray Frank ◽  
Thomas J. Tworkoski
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Cross Tolerance ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Response of clones of Canada thistle from North America and leafy spurge from North America and Eurasia to treatment with chlorsulfuron, clopyralid, and glyphosate was determined. Roots of Canada thistle plants from different locations responded differentially to injury from chlorsulfuron and clopyralid but not to glyphosate. Clones of Canada thistle varied significantly in response to all herbicide treatments. Roots of leafy spurge plants from different locations were differentially susceptible to injury from glyphosate. Clones of leafy spurge varied significantly for all responses to each herbicide. The differential effects of chlorsulfuron, glyphosate, and clopyralid on clones of Canada thistle and leafy spurge suggest that genetically-based differences may account for the failure of the herbicides to kill all plants within collection locations or between collection locations. Cross tolerance to the herbicides was not found in leafy spurge or Canada thistle.

Taxonomic Evaluation of Leaf and Latex Variability of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbiaspp.) for Montana and European Accessions

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 726-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Harvey ◽  
Robert M. Nowierski ◽  
Paul G. Mahlberg ◽  
Jim M. Story
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Taxonomic Evaluation

Leafy spurge (Euphorbiaspp.), an aggressive noxious perennial weed of North America, is a complex group that has been designated as several different species, includingE. esulaL. (# EPHES) andE. virgataWald. & Kit. [E. waldsteinii(Sojak) Radcliffe-Smith]. Current classification keys are unsatisfactory in assigning plants in the field to specific taxa (or to a single taxon). These keys rely heavily upon morphological characteristics of leaves, but great variation in the leaves has been noted by us and previously reported by others. In this study we demonstrate qualitatively and quantitatively that the within-plant, within-clone, among-clone, and among-site variation in leaf morphology and triterpenoid content of the latex of leafy spurge is inherently high. Leaf characters were of little value in separating any of the accessions considered in our study. Latex triterpenoid profiles were useful in distinguishingE. lucidaW. & K. ×salicifoliaHost. andE. salicifoliafrom EuropeanE. esula, E. waldsteinii, andE. sequierianaNeck. ssp.seguieriana, and all Montana accessions previously described from morphological studies. We concluded that Montana leafy spurge and the EuropeanE. esula, E. waldsteinii, andE. sequierianabelong to a single taxon:Euphorbia esulaL.

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