The Australian monsoon, Part 2 : Depressions and cyclones

A study of the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis for the Australian region during the southern summer reveals that most of the depressions and cyclones over the region form and develop in a stationary wave that develops along the continent's northern coastline during this period due to land-sea thermal contrast. The structure and properties of the stationary wave are brought out in detail and internal and external forcings that lead to its development into depressions and cyclones are discussed. Environmental factors that appear to influence the movement and recurvature of cyclones over the region are discussed with two case studies.

The Reality of Change Management in The Public Administration of Education in Hail and Ways to Develop From the educational leaders’ point of view: واقع إدارة التغيير في الإدارة العامة للتعليم بمنطقة حائل وسبل تطويرها من وجهة نظر القيادات التربوية

The research aimed to know about the reality of practicing the educational leaders for the changing management in the general administration of education in Hail region form the point view of educational leaders, and to identify the obstacles of applying the changing management for the general administration of education, and to know the suggested ways to improve the changing management in the general administration of education in hail region form the point view of educational leaders. The research problem is shown in the necessity to know the reality of practicing the changing management in the general administration of education in Hail region, where the non-recognizing it, was the problem for those who in charge of developing this administration, and their lack of ability to develop the solutions and proposals which related to the development of changing management. And to achieve the goals of the study, the researcher used the descriptive survey method, and the questionnaire was the tool to collect the data. The community of study for the workers in the educational administration in hail region from helpers, and administrations managers, and the department headmaster (males and females), and their numbers were (126). The tool of study applied to all community members through the comprehensive survey way The results showed that the reality of practicing the educational leaders for the changing management in the general administration of education in Hail region and it was in the (mid-level) with the arithmetic mean (3.27), and the axis (The caring of administrative contact ) came as the first one from the orders, and after that, axis (Empowering leaders to change), also (Overcoming resistance to change), and then (Raising the efficiency of leaders), and finally (Creating an appropriate environment for a change). Also, the results showed the sample of study were agree with (mid-level) on " the obstacles of applying the changing management for the general administration of education in Hail region " with the arithmetic mean (3.27), there were most important once: (Not creating jobs which are appropriate with the change management), (The lack of positive factors for the leadership), and (not having new strategies for dealing with resistance power for changing). Also, the sample of the study was found the " The suggested ways to improve the changing management in the general administration of education." (very important), with the arithmetic mean (4.44), and the most important ways from their point views are: (Identifying the strengths and weaknesses in performing the education administration), (Identifying the training needs for the changing leaders), and (Using the transparency through the changing management). The researcher recommends the necessity of caring in the administrative contact, to consider it; as the most important factors to achieve the communication between the leaderships to create the administrative change, and working to create the jobs which are appropriate with the change management at the general administration of education in Hail region, and the necessity of working to Identify the strengths and weaknesses in performing the general administration of education in Hail region.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Moshajia idiofora Siddiqi, 1982 (Dorylaimida: Qudsianematidae), with new insights into the phylogeny of the enigmatic Lordellonematinae

Summary Seven populations of Moshajia idiofora, six from India and one from Japan, are characterised, including morphological description, morphometrics, LM and SEM observations, and molecular (18S rDNA gene sequence) analysis. These populations are compared to previous records of the species as well as its closest species. Two of these species, M. cultristyla and M. qasimi, are regarded as junior synonyms of M. idiofora. SEM pictures provide new details of the lip region form. Molecular data indicate that M. idiofora belongs to a morphologically heterogeneous clade whose components share the absence of a distinctly developed pars refringens vaginae and raise a serious doubt about the traditional position of Lordellonematinae representatives in the Dorylaimina system.

Genetic characterization of a red colour morph of Euphorbia esula subsp. esula (Euphorbiaceae) in the floodplains of the Saône (Eastern France)

A new morph of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L., was discovered in the floodplains of the Val de Saône (VDS), France. In this region, this emerging weed shows two different morph colours: the common “green” variant and a rarer “red” variant. We compared the sequence data for the plastid trnT–trnF region among individuals of both morphs from the VDS, as well as other populations from Europe and North America, where this plant is invasive. In addition, we analysed the ploidy found among VDS individuals for both colours. Results showed that both morphs share two of the three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotypes found in the VDS and are both hexaploids (2n = 6x = 60). These results suggest that the red morph is only an environmental variant of E. esula subsp. esula. Our results indicate that leafy spurge infestations in this region form a genetically diverse structuring composed of three cpDNA haplotypes, two of which are shared by the two morphs.

Assessment of prevalence of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in Samara region

Background. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA) among different groups of population of Samara region during 2001—2010. Methods. Material for analysis was taken from the statistic forms of municipality hospitals of Samara and the Samara region (form No. 12) during 2001—2010 in comparison with the corresponding indicators of Volga federal region (PFO) and the Russian Federation. Results. Prevalence of BAin all groups of patients in the Samara region in 2009 was revealed. These indicators were more than such indicators in Russian Federation — among children on 25%, in teenagers on 38%, in adult on 50%. Prevalence of AR among children and teenagers exceeded indicators in Russian Federation — among children on 44%, teenagers — on 68%. The incidence of asthma in adults is 2,5 times higher than the incidence of AR (95,8—30,5 per 100 thousand). Conclusion. High prevalence of AR and asthma in the Samara region with a tendency to increase, the discrepancy indices studied data from epidemiological studies that require further implementation of international recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of AR among general practitioners.

A DOCUMENT RECTIFICATION APPROACH DEALING WITH BOTH PERSPECTIVE DISTORTION AND WARPING BASED ON TEXT FLOW CURVE FITTING

In this paper, we propose a coordinate transform model and document rectification process for book dewarping. This model can handle both perspective distortion and book surface warping problems. The main idea is to find the boundary of a region, which is a rectangle on a flat surface before warping and using the correspondence between the warped boundary and the original rectangle sides to map each pixel in the warped region into the rectangle. On a book page, two text lines and the left and right boundaries of a text region form a rectangle before warping. Therefore, we detect two text flow curves and text region boundaries on the left and right sides on a warped image and use the two curves and two line segments to do the transformation. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed book dewarping approach.