Production of Jiggs bermudagrass and the impact of quality milk production and quality of Holstein dairy cows under an intermittent grazing system

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Brandstetter ◽  
K.A.P. Costa ◽  
M.A.P. da Silva ◽  
F.R. Araújo Neto ◽  
V.R. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
The Impact

Dairy production plays a fundamental role in the Brazilian economy and high-quality forage is necessary for ruminants to produce satisfactory milk levels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the production and quality of Jiggs bermudagrass and its effects on the production and quality parameters of milk from Holstein cows under an intermittent grazing system throughout the year. The experiment was conducted in a randomized design with the four seasons as treatments, replicated five times. The season had a significant effect on the production and nutritional parameters of Jiggs bermudagrass with the highest total dry matter production observed during summer, followed by spring and fall. The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were significantly higher in winter. The in vitro dry matter digestibility was significantly higher in summer, spring, and fall. Jiggs bermudagrass is a promising forage for the enhancement of milk production under intermittent stocking. However, its effects vary seasonally which exerts a greater influence during the winter, even with irrigation, because it directly affects the milk production and quality. The correlation results demonstrated the importance of better quality forage for increasing milk production without compromising the levels of milk solids.

scholarly journals Production and quality of Tifton 85 pastures overseeded with black oat: effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2071
Author(s):  
João De Assis Farias Filho ◽  
Fabiana Luiza Matielo de Paula ◽  
Adalberto Luiz de Paula ◽  
Wagner Paris ◽  
Fabrício Ghinzelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dead Material

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the bromatological quality, forage production, and botanical and structural composition of Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) pastures overseeded with black oat (Avena strigosa). Four treatments were evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme (irrigated and non-irrigated × fertilized and non-fertilized), with three replicates, in a completely randomized design. In irrigated paddocks, the irrigation system was activated when the soil matric potential reached a value equal to, or higher than, 10 kPa and 135 kg N ha-1 was applied to fertilized paddocks, divided into four applications. The forage mass pre- and post-grazing, total forage production, and the botanical, structural, and bromatological composition of the pastures were evaluated. No interaction was observed between the irrigation and nitrogen fertilization factors for any of the variables and no significant differences were observed in forage mass between pre- and post-grazing or in Tifton leaf and stem percentages. Nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on forage production, which was 2626.41 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1 higher in fertilized pastures than in unfertilized pastures. In addition, fertilization resulted in a lower percentage of dead material (6.66%), higher percentage of oat leaves (30.84%), higher leaf:stem ratio (1:45), higher crude protein content (24.13%), lower levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (64.57%) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (32.86%), and higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (73.01%) than in unfertilized pastures. The use of irrigation did not influence total forage production, however, it resulted in pastures with lower NDF (65.97%) and ADF (33.54%), and higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (73.48%) than unirrigated pastures. Nitrogen fertilization produced improvements in pasture structure, associated with higher dry matter yield and bromatological quality, while irrigation only produced pastures with lower fiber content and greater digestibility.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Kelly Moura Keller ◽  
Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

scholarly journals Production and quality of sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass silage in monocropped and intercropping in different forage systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e48304
Author(s):  
Charles Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Katia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽  
Wender Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Itamar Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Daniel Augusto Alves Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentative Process

The objective of this study was to evaluate dry mass production, fermentative parameters and chemical and bromatological composition of sunflower silage and Paiaguas palisadegrass silage in monocropped and intercropping in different forage systems. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of silage forage systems: sunflower monocropped; Paiaguas palisadegrass monocropped; sunflower row-intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; sunflower inter-row intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; and sunflower oversown and intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass, totalizing 20 experimental silos. Sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass were harvested at 110 days after planting at 20 cm from the soil for silage, using brush cutter. The silos were opened after 53 days of fermentation. The rows and inter-row intercropped systems contributed to increase the mass production of the ensiled material. The monocropped sunflower silage had higher values of pH, ethereal extract and acid detergent fiber and lower values of titratable acidity and dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility values. The silages of the sunflower intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass in forage systems of crop-livestock integration presented better fermentative and bromatological characteristics, guaranteeing an adequate fermentative process and nutritional quality. In this way, the intercropping of these two forages potentiates the production of silage for feeding of ruminants during the period of forage shortage.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of elephant grass silage with biodiesel industry co-products

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-723
Author(s):  
Eric Haydt Castello Branco van Cleef ◽  
José Cleto da Silva Filho ◽  
Arnaldo Prata Neiva Júnior ◽  
René Maurício Patiño Pardo ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three concentrations (3, 6, and 9%) of forage turnip (Raphanus sativus) and physic nut (Jatropha curcas) cakes on dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen contents, in vitro dry matter digestibility, pH values and concentrations of N-NH3 in elephant grass silages. It was used an entirely randomized design in factorial arrangement [(2×3)+1]. Experimental PVC silos were used and ensiled material was kept for 62 days. The addition of cakes increased the dry matter contents (P<0.05). The fibrous fractions were reduced (P<0.05) with the inclusion of cakes during the grass ensilage and the CP contents increased (P<0.05). The forage turnip cake provided the same pH and N-NH3 values in ideal levels and the physic nut, added to 9%, increased those values (P<0.05). IVDMD was reduced (P<0.05) when the cakes were added. These co-products can be used in small amounts for elephant grass ensilage in order to provide improvement in chemical and fermentation characteristics of the silages. Nevertheless, physic nut cake shows limitations for its use in animal feeding due to the presence of toxic compounds, making necessary studies for their identification and elimination.

scholarly journals Methionine Hydroxy Analog Supplementation to Increase Feed Utilization for Indigenous Sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Bambang Waluyo Hadi Eko Prasetiyono ◽  
Mulyono Mulyono ◽  
Widiyanto Widiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Indigenous Sheep ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Low Efficiency

In the tropical area, productivity of ruminant has not optimized caused by the low quality of nutrition that leads to low-efficiency metabolism at the level of ruminal fermentation, post rumen digestibility, and intermediary metabolism. The study aimed to analyze effect of methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) on ruminal fermentation profiles of indigenous sheep specifically in the increase of ruminant productivity. In vitro utility test was conducted using rumen fluid of the indigenous sheep and sample of rational ration having a proportion of grass and concentrate 30%:70%, dry matter basis. The treatments implemented were three levels of MHA supplementation; T0: 0 g/day, T1: 3 g/day, and T2: 6 g/day. Variables measured were dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), production of VFA, NH3, as well as total protein, and molar proportion of partial VFA of rumen fluid. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design (CRD). The 0.2% MHA supplementation increased OMD with the highest production of total protein was from 28.57 mg/g (T0) to 40.49 mg/g (T2) (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the lowest ratio of acetate : propionate was from 2.74 (T0) to 2.33 (T2) (P<0.05). Supplementation of MHA up to 6 g/day concentrate increased the performance of fermentation and/or feed utility. 

Hay supplements to overcome underfeeding of dairy cows. 1. Early lactation

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (109) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale ◽  
KR King ◽  
IF Patterson ◽  
DT Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Economic Use

Seventy-seven cows of mixed breeds were allocated a range of pasture only or pasture/hay diets for the first 60 days of lactation. The variation in level of pasture intake was achieved by stripgrazing. The average in vitro dry matter digestibility and nitrogen content of the pasture offered was 72.0 and 3.11 % respectively, while those of the hay were 63.3 and 2.24%. The pasture alone treatments examined the effects of underfeeding on dairy cow productivity and the pasture/hay treatments established the extent to which these effects could be overcome by the use of hay as a supplement to limited pasture. After 60 days, all cows were grazed as one group at a stocking rate of 6.0 cows ha-1. Underfeeding in the first 60 days of lactation resulted in a loss of 68.3 kg milk/cow for each kg reduction in daily pasture intake, together with a decline in liveweight and body condition. When hay was offered as a supplement, it overcame the effects of underfeeding to a large extent although milk production still declined by 31.3 kg/cow for each kg reduction in daily pasture intake. There was a residual loss in milk production of 0.6 times the immediate loss for 60 days of underfeeding. The residual benefit gained from feeding hay at any level of underfeeding averaged 0.5 times the immediate benefit. Hay was unable to counteract completely the effects of underfeeding because its nutritive value for production was only half that of pasture, and the cows could not eat enough of it to overcome this. Some possible variations to these results are considered, taking into account the quality of the pasture and hay used. The economic use of hay as a supplement to limited pasture is discussed. Providing hay is used as a genuine supplement, the use of it will be economic as long as the cost of a kg of hay is less than the price paid for 0.049 kg butterfat. The limitations to this calculation are discussed.

scholarly journals The quality of silage of different sorghum genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Cangussú Tolentino ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽  
Florence Taciana Veriato ◽  
Luciana Oliva Barbosa Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Sorghum Silage

The objective was to select from among 24 sorghum genotypes the superior ones for silage production. The study was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa Maize & Sorghum, in the municipality of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais State. It used 24 forage sorghum genotypes, 21 being hybrids from the crossing of grain sorghum females and forage males (12F38019, 12F38006, 12F40006, 12F40005, 12F40019, 12F37016, 12F37005, 12F37043, 12F39006, 12F39005, 12F39019, 12F38005, 12F38007, 12F37007, 12F39007, 12F40007, 12F38014, 12F37014, 12F39014, 12F40014 e 12F38009) and three witnesses: BRS 610, BRS 655 and Volumax. It estimated productivity per area, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and assessed the bromatological and fermentation characteristics of sorghum silage. In vitro dry matter digestibility, unavailable protein in neutral detergent, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ashes and protein, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and lignin differed as to the genotypes tested. The pH and the ammoniacal nitrogen of the silage also showed differences between genotypes. Most of the genotypes tested are favorable for silage production, except the hybrid with higher lignin content 12F370014, and the hybrids 12F37007 and 12F370014, which showed the highest NDFap values. 

scholarly journals Changes in fermentation pattern and quality of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage by wilting and inoculant treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Guo Qiang Zhao ◽  
Sheng Nan Wei ◽  
Hak Jin Kim ◽  
Yan Fen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Additive Treatment

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of wilting and microbial inoculant treatment on the fermentation pattern and quality of Italian ryegrass silage.Methods: Italian ryegrass was harvested at heading stage and ensiled into vinyl bags (20 cm×30 cm) for 60d. Italian ryegrass was ensiled with 4 treatments (NWNA, no-wilting noadditive; NWA, no-wilting with additive; WNA, wilting no-additive; WA, wilting with additive) in 3 replications, wilting time was 5 hours and additives were treated with 10<sup>6</sup> cfu/g of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>. The silages samples were collected at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 days after ensiling and analyzed for the ensiling quality and characteristics of fermentation patterns.Results: Wilting treatment resulted in lower crude protein and <i>in vitro</i> dry matter digestibility and there were no significant differences in acid detergent fiber (ADF), total digestible nutrient (TDN), water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), ammonia content, and pH (p>0.05). However, wilting treatment resulted in higher ADF and neutral detergent fiber content of Italian ryegrass silage (p<0.05), and the WNA treatment showed the lowest TDN and <i>in vitro</i> dry matter digestibility. The pH of the silage was higher in the wilting group (WNA and WA) and lower in the additive treatment group. Meanwhile, the decrease in pH occurred sharply between the 3-5th day of storage. The ammonia nitrogen content was significantly lower in the additive treatment (p<0.05), and wilting had no effect. As fermentation progressed, the lactic and acetic acid contents were increased and showed the highest content at 30 days of storage.Conclusion: The wilting treatment did not significantly improve the silage fermentation, but the inoculant treatment improved the fermentation patterns and quality of the silage. So, inoculation before ensiling is recommended when preparing high quality of Italian ryegrass silage, and when wilting, it is recommended to combine inoculation for making high quality silage.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of sugarcane varieties in relation to nitrogen fertilization for the pre-Amazon Region of Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 2091
Author(s):  
Mayanna Karlla Lima Costa ◽  
Francirose Shigaki ◽  
José Roberto Brito Freitas ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
Heloisa Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Sugarcane Yield

This study evaluated the nutritional value of sugarcane varieties in relation to nitrogen fertilization. The varieties studied were RB 863129, RB 867515, and RB 92579, and nitrogen fertilizer was applied at doses of 0, 60, 80, 120, and 140 kg N ha-1. The experiment was divided into two stages: i) Year I - plant cane, when the yield and nutritional quality of the three sugarcane varieties were evaluated; ii) Years II and III, when and the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the nutritional quality of the first and second ratoon crops of the same varieties was evaluated. In plant cane the yield (t ha-1) and DM (dry matter) and CP (crude protein) contents were higher for the RB 863129 variety. There was no difference between the varieties regarding their NDF (neutral detergent fiber) and ADF (acid detergent fiber) contents and IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility). In the first and second ratoon crops, there was a difference between the varieties and fertilizer doses for the evaluated parameters, with the exception of the DM content and IVDMD, which were influenced by the varieties, doses of N, and cutting years. The RB 92579 variety showed the best yield of the two ratoon crops (131 t ha-1 of stems) and the best nutritional parameters (26% ADF, 41% NDF, 2.4% CP, and 69.4% IVDMD). The sugarcane yield and its nutritional quality can be influenced by the cutting year and nitrogen fertilization management system and by the variety type.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pupuk Daun “Organik” terhadap Komposisi Kimiawi dan Kecernaan Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum CV. Hawaii)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Badat Muwakhid ◽  
Usman Ali
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design

ABSTRAK Pupuk cair yang memanfaatkan bahan organik seperti urin yang difermentasi dan zat pengatur tumbuh dapat memberikan tambahan unsur hara yang diperlukan rumput untuk tumbuh. Upaya perbaikan kualitas rumput gajah dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian pupuk daun “organik”, dengan memperhatikan dosis pemberiannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan dosis pemberian pupuk daun “organik” yang tepat untuk mendapatkan kualitas hijauan yang maksimal. Materi penelitian ini meliputi pupuk daun “organik” dan bibit rumput gajah dalam keadaan pols, dengan rata-rata panjang perpols adalah 10 cm. Penelitian menggunakan metode percobaan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah P0 (kontrol), P1 (5% pupuk daun “organik”), P2 (10% pupuk daun “organik”) dan P3 (15% pupuk daun “organik”). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemberian dosis pupuk daun “organik” yang berbeda memperikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kandungan Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), selulosa, hemiselulosa, lignin, kecernaan in vitro bahan kering dan kecernaan in vitro bahan organik rumput gajah. Berdasarkan penelitian ini pemberian dosis 15% pupuk daun “organik” menunjukkan hasil yang paling baik.Kata kunci: komposisi kimiawi. pupuk daun organik, rumput gajah, , kecernaanABSTRACTLiquid fertilizers using organic ingredients such as bio urine can provide additional nutrients to optimize the grow of grass. Efforts to improve the quality of elephant grass can be done by providing this organic fertilizer by calculating the dosage given. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate dosage of “organic” leaf fertilizers to obtain maximum forage quality. The research material used were “organic” leaf fertilizers and elephant grass seedlings in a state of pols, with an average length of each pols is 10 cm. The research method is experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of 4 treatments and 5 repetitions. The treatments given in this study were P0 (control), P1 (5% “organic” leaf fertilizers), P2 (10% “organic” leaf fertilizers) and P3 (15% “organic” leaf fertilizers). The results of this study indicate that the implementation of different dosages of “organic” leaf fertilizers had significant effect (P <0.01) on the content of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, dry matter digestibility (in vitro) and organic matter digestibility (in vitro) of elephant grass. Based on this study, 15% dose of “organic” leaf fertilizers showed the best results.Keywords: chemical compounds, digestibility, elephant grass, organic leaf fertilizers

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