Reassessing species boundaries in the Syagrus glaucescens complex (Arecaceae) using leaf anatomy

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 379-387
Author(s):  
D.H.T. Firmo ◽  
S.A. Santos ◽  
M.E.M.P. Perez ◽  
P. Soffiatti ◽  
B.F. Sant’Anna-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Species Diagnosis ◽  
High Degree

The Syagrus glaucescens complex comprises three species: Syagrus glaucescens Glaz. ex Becc., Syagrus duartei Glassman, and Syagrus evansiana Noblick. Recently, a new population of S. evansiana that possesses a high degree of endemism was reported in the Serra do Cabral mountain. Here we intend to study the leaf anatomy of the S. glaucescens complex and confirm whether this newly found population (from now on called Syagrus aff. evansiana) belongs to S. evansiana or not. Specimens were collected to investigate their leaf anatomy, which showed distinct differences between S. aff. evansiana and S. evansiana. The midrib anatomy revealed novelties for the S. glauscecens complex, proving useful for species diagnosis. Features such as accessory vascular bundles around the vascular system of the midrib and the number of collateral bundles are diagnostic for species identification. In addition, morphological and anatomical analyses indicated a correlation with the species occurrence. We found greater similarity between S. glaucescens and S. duartei, while S. evansiana and S. aff. evansiana are more alike. Here, we propose a new identification key based only on the leaf anatomy. Despite their morphological similarities, S. aff. evansiana and S. evansiana presented differences in leaf anatomy, which — when associated with their geographical isolation — suggests a fourth taxon in the complex.

scholarly journals Leaf anatomy of three herbaceous bamboo species

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (4b) ◽  
pp. 907-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. VIEIRA ◽  
D. M. S. GOMES ◽  
L. S. SARAHYBA ◽  
R. C. O. ARRUDA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
Janeiro State

Fully developed leaves of Cryptochloa capillata (Swallen) Soderstrom, Raddia brasilienses Bertol and Pharus lappulaceus Aublet (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) were collected at Restinga de Jacarepiá, Environment Proctection Area of Massambaba, county of Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and studied by optical microscope. Leaf anatomy is described in order to contribute to the Poaceae family study. Anatomic features observed in the three studied species such as: midrib with complex vascular system, mesophyll consisting of tabular lobed chlorophyllous elements and fusoid cells, vascular bundles with double sheath, epidermis made up of long cells, short cells, micro-hairs, prickles and silica bodies correspond to the "bambusoid type" of leaf anatomy.

Sulabanus gen. nov., a new genus of Lycidae (Coleoptera) from Sulawesi

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1611 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
MILAN DVORAK ◽  
LADISLAV BOCAK
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Müllerian Mimicry ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
High Degree

The genus Sulabanus gen. nov. is described from Sulawesi and it is placed in the tribe Metriorrhynchini, and a close relationships with Metriorrhynchus Gemminger & Harold, 1869 is suggested. Twenty–five species are recognized, of which 24 are described as new: S. ambangensis sp. nov., S. amporiwensis sp. nov., S. barclayi sp. nov., S. brancuccii sp. nov., S. brunneus sp. nov., S. cordatus sp. nov., S. dumongabonensis sp. nov., S. gracilis sp. nov., S. katarinae sp. nov., S. lalui sp. nov., S. lineatus sp. nov., S. mamasensis sp. nov., S. major sp. nov., S. minor sp. nov., S. nigricordatus sp. nov., S. niger sp. nov., S. ocularis sp. nov., S. pendolensis sp. nov., S. robustus sp. nov., S. rufomarginatus sp. nov., S. similis sp. nov., S. tenggahensis sp. nov., S. ulci sp. nov., and S. utarensis sp. nov. Xylobanus nigricolor Pic, 1922 is transferred to Sulabanus gen. nov. and redescribed. The species of Sulabanus are classified in five species groups based on the shape of male genitalia and these groups are described with important diagnostic characters illustrated. A species identification key for males is provided. The ecology, zoogeography, evolution and mimicry of Sulabanus gen. nov. are discussed. The high degree of external similarity among distantly related species from several lycid genera in Sulawesi suggests evolution of Müllerian mimicry.

scholarly journals Leaf Structure and Taxonomy of Petunia and Calibrachoa (Solanaceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia dos Reis ◽  
Maria das Graças Sajo ◽  
João Renato Stehmann
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Leaf Structure ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

We studied the leaf anatomy of sixteen species of Calibrachoa and eight species of Petunia. In Calibrachoa leaves, the vascular bundles sheath (endodermis) was formed by parenchymatous developed cells, different from those of the mesophyll. In Petunia, this sheath did not show a marked morphological differentiation. The Calibrachoa leaves could be separated according to the type of leaf margins, the distribution of the stomata on leaf surfaces, the organization of the mesophyll and the morphology of the trichomes. Based on these results, an indented dichotomous identification key was elaborated for the species of the genus Calibrachoa.

scholarly journals High degree of non-genetic phenotypic variation in the vascular system of crayfish: a discussion of possible causes and implications

Zoomorphology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Scholz ◽  
Torben Göpel ◽  
Stefan Richter ◽  
Christian S. Wirkner
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Developmental Variation ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Phenotypic Variations ◽  
Marbled Crayfish ◽  
High Degree

AbstractIn this study, the hemolymph vascular system (HVS) in two cambarid crayfishes, i.e. the Marbled Crayfish, Procambarus virginalis Lyko, 2017 and the Spiny Cheek Crayfish, Faxonius limosus (Rafinesque, 1817), is investigated in regard of areas of non-genetic phenotypic variation. Despite their genetic identity, specimens of P. virginalis show variability in certain features of the HVS. Thus, we describe varying branching patterns, sporadic anastomoses, and different symmetry states in the vascular system of the marbled crayfish. We visualize our findings by application of classical and modern morphological methods, e.g. injection of casting resin, micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. By comparing our findings for P. virginalis to the vasculature in sexually reproducing crayfishes, i.e. F. limosus and Astacus astacus, we discuss phenotypic variation of the HVS in arthropods in general. We conclude that constant features of the HVS are hereditary, whereas varying states identified by study of the clonal P. virginalis must be caused by non-genetic factors and, that congruent variations in sexually reproducing F. limosus and A. astacus are likely also non-genetic phenotypic variations. Both common causal factors for non-genetic phenotypic variation, i.e., phenotypic plasticity and stochastic developmental variation are discussed along our findings regarding the vascular systems. Further aspects, such as the significance of non-genetic phenotypic variation for phylogenetic interpretations are discussed.

Review of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Sauria: Gekkonidae) in Sri Lanka with the description of five new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1490 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J.MENDIS WICKRAMASINGHE ◽  
D. A.I. MUNINDRADASA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Type Series ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Wet Zone

Five new species of geckos are described from Sri Lanka by morphological comparison and morphometric analysis leading to review the genus Cnemaspis in the country. The type series of these species were identified from following localities: C. alwisi and C. kumarasinghei from the intermediate zone, C. retigalensis from the dry zone, C. molligodai from the lowland wet zone and C. samanalensis from the mountain region of the wet zone in the country. The high degree of endemicity (90%) shown by Cnemaspis in Sri Lanka could be attributed to geographical isolation. In addition, the taxonomic issue of C. jerdonii scalpensis is discussed and the species C. scalpensis is errected.

scholarly journals Morphology and anatomy of leaf mine in Richterago riparia Roque (Asteraceae) in the campos rupestres of Serra do Cipó, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. A. MELO DE PINNA ◽  
J. E. KRAUS ◽  
N. L. de MENEZES
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Serra Do Cipó ◽  
Phenolic Substances

The leaf mine in Richterago riparia is caused by a lepidopteran larva (lepidopteronome). The leaves of R. riparia show campdodrome venation; the epidermis is unistratified, with stomata and glandular trichomes in adaxial and abaxial surfaces. The mesophyll is bilateral and the vascular system is collateral. During the formation of the mine, the larva consumes the chlorenchyma of the mesophyll and the smaller vascular bundles (veins of third and fourth orders). Structural alterations in the tissues of the host plant were not observed, except for the formation of a wound meristem and the presence of cells with phenolic substances next to the mine. Three cephalic exuviae of the miner were found in the mesophyll. This lepidopteronome is parenchymatic and the epidermis remains intact, but forms a protective layer for the mining insect.

scholarly journals An Anatomical Study of Scilla (Scilloideae) Section Chionodoxa and Scilla bifolia in Turkey1

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. YILDIRIM ◽  
K. YETISEN ◽  
A. ÖZDEMIR ◽  
C. ÖZDEMIR
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Scilla Bifolia

ABSTRACT In the present study Scilla luciliae, S. forbesii, S. sardensis, S. siehei, Scilla x allenii and S. bifolia are compared anatomically. Some differences have been found in root, scape, and leaf anatomy of the taxa, and commented. S. luciliae, S. forbesii, S. sardensis and S. siehei have a metaxylem at the center of the root, others have 3-4 number metaxylem. Vascular bundles in two row in S. luciliae and S. forbesii in a single row in S. sardensis, Scilla x allenii and S. bifolia though in three rows in S. siehei. Aerenchyma tissue is present in mesophyll of five taxa leaf except S. sardensis. The anatomical variations in the taxa have been investigated by means of numerical methods (Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation). By the analysis of the investigated taxa from 12 anatomy related characters, it has been also found that the results from numerical analysis of anatomy characters can provide additional evidences, which correspond to the anatomy for the recognition of the taxa.

scholarly journals Presence of Xylella fastidiosa in Sweet Orange Fruit and Seeds and Its Transmission to Seedlings

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-B. Li ◽  
W. D. Pria ◽  
P. M. Lacava ◽  
X. Qin ◽  
J. S. Hartung
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Specific Amplification ◽  
Root Grafts ◽  
Citrus Seeds

Xylella fastidiosa, a xylem-limited bacterium, causes several economically important diseases in North, Central, and South America. These diseases are transmitted by sharpshooter insects, contaminated budwood, and natural root-grafts. X. fastidiosa extensively colonizes the xylem vessels of susceptible plants. Citrus fruit have a well-developed vascular system, which is continuous with the vascular system of the plant. Citrus seeds develop very prominent vascular bundles, which are attached through ovular and seed bundles to the xylem system of the fruit. Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit of cvs. Pera, Natal, and Valencia with characteristic symptoms of citrus variegated chlorosis disease were collected for analysis. X. fastidiosa was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in all main fruit vascular bundles, as well as in the seed and in dissected seed parts. No visual abnormalities were observed in seeds infected with the bacterium. However, the embryos of the infected seeds weighed 25% less than those of healthy seeds, and their germination rate was lower than uninfected seeds. There were about 2,500 cells of X. fastidiosa per infected seed of sweet orange, as quantified using real-time PCR techniques. The identification of X. fastidiosa in the infected seeds was confirmed by cloning and sequencing the specific amplification product, obtained by standard PCR with specific primers. X. fastidiosa was also detected in and recovered from seedlings by isolation in vitro. Our results show that X. fastidiosa can infect and colonize fruit tissues including the seed. We also have shown that X. fastidiosa can be transmitted from seeds to seedlings of sweet orange. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of X. fastidiosa in seeds and its transmission to seedlings.

scholarly journals Printed Identification Key or Web-Based Identification Guide: An Effective Tool for Species Identification?

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz ◽  
Ma. Victoria B. Pangilinan ◽  
Rodrigo A. Litao
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Identification Guide
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