Chemostratigraphy as a tool for sequence stratigraphy in the Devonian Hare Indian Formation in the Mackenzie Mountains and Central Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories, Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Brette S. Harris ◽  
Maya T. LaGrange ◽  
Sara K. Biddle ◽  
Tiffany L. Playter ◽  
Kathryn M. Fiess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Silica Source ◽  
Geochemical Proxies ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Initial Deposition ◽  
Maximum Flooding Surface

The Hare Indian Formation (HIF) is a late Eifelian to Givetian organic-rich mudstone constituting the lower portion of the Horn River Group (HRG), which has been minimally scrutinized in the literature. This paper proposes depositional environments and a sequence stratigraphic framework for the HIF. Using composition data collected via energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, geochemical proxies inform detrital input, silica source, and paleoredox conditions. Cross-plots and chemostratigraphic profiles of detritally sourced Al, Ti, and K and redox-sensitive Mo and V inform depositional and stratigraphic constraints. Silica proportions vary, indicating that sediment was derived from detrital and biogenic sources. Al, Ti, and K distributions increase upwards, showing increased continentally sourced minerals. Redox-sensitive metals are highest in the Bluefish Member (BM), suggesting intermittent euxinia. Based on the presence of continental and pelagic sediments, the sedimentary environment is interpreted as proximal- to mid-shelf. These proxies guide systems tract interpretations. Si and redox-sensitive metal concentrations peak higher in the BM, accompanied by lowered concentrations of Al, Ti, and K, suggesting a maximum flooding surface. At the top of the Prohibition and Bell Creek members, redox-sensitive enrichments are lower with higher concentrations of Al, Ti, and K, suggesting a maximum regressive surface. Transgression occurred during the initial deposition of the BM, followed by regression for the remainder of the HIF. The sedimentology of the HIF can be difficult to decipher; the use of chemostratigraphy supports its geological history (including sedimentation trends and a local record of relative sea level) using methods that may be applied to other fine-grained successions.

Sequence stratigraphy of the late Carboniferous Clifton Formation, New Brunswick

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1289-1304
Author(s):  
Brandon M. Keough ◽  
Olivia A. King ◽  
Matthew R. Stimson ◽  
Page C. Quinton ◽  
Michael C. Rygel
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Marine Strata ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Carbonaceous Shales ◽  
Study Interval ◽  
Maritimes Basin ◽  
Sequence Boundaries ◽  
Maximum Flooding Surface

The Maritimes Basin of Atlantic Canada contains a rich record of Pennsylvanian cyclothems. Previous studies have focused on rapidly subsiding depocenters in the central part of the basin where Carboniferous successions feature cyclic alternations between terrestrial and marginal marine strata. In contrast, the Pennsylvanian Clifton Formation was deposited on the relatively stable New Brunswick platform and contains almost entirely terrestrial strata. Although early studies of the Clifton Formation noted a cyclic architecture, particularly within Member B, this unit has remained understudied. We provide a sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic framework for the lower 85 m of Member B and interpret our results relative to a broader regional framework. Near the base of the study interval, the highstand systems tract is composed of red floodplain mudrocks; overlying sequence boundaries are composed of calcretes and (or) channels. The transgressive systems tract and maximum flooding surface are represented by coals and aquatic bivalve-bearing mudrocks. Moving upward through the section, the architecture of the highstand systems tract remains largely unchanged while sequence-bounding paleosols become less well developed, the transgressive systems tract becomes thinner and eventually not preserved, and the maximum flooding surface is only occasionally preserved, possibly represented by carbonaceous shales. These changes in cyclic architecture may be attributed to changes in the magnitude of glacioeustatic fluctuations, climate, and (or) the accommodation/sediment supply ratio. The results of this study show that the Clifton Formation represents the terrestrial/proximal endmember for cyclicity in the Maritimes Basin and provide new insight into paleotopography as a possible control on cyclothem architecture.

scholarly journals Biothems: sequence stratigraphic units and their implications for regional tectono-stratigraphic interpretations

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 176-176
Author(s):  
H. R. Lane ◽  
M. W. Frye ◽  
G. D. Couples
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Mississippi Valley ◽  
Basin And Range Province ◽  
Anadarko Basin ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
The North ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework

Biothems are regional wedge- or lens-shaped bodies of strata that are: bounded shelfward or cratonward by paleontologically recognizable unconformities; generally thicken on marine shelves, where they are typically conformable with underlying and overlying biothems; are commonly thinner or represent “starved” sequences further basinward; and in their most basinward extent, are either bounded by biostratigraphically recognizable unconformities or are conformable with underlying and overlying biothems. Biothems are practical units whose definition and degree of refinement are dependent on the quality and availability of biostratigraphic control. As recognized to date, biothems have a logical distribution of faunal and floral components, as well as facies groupings that represent internally consistent and logical sequences of depositional environments. The use of biothems as primary sequence stratigraphic units places the emphasis on relative time in a stratigraphic framework.A west-to-east transect within the North American Mississippian System, which extends from the Basin and Range Province, across the Transcontinental Arch (TA) and into the Anadarko Basin, was constructed to demonstrate the regional distribution and tectono-stratigraphic significance of biothems relative to the axis of the TA. The relationships portrayed on the transect, tied to an understanding of North American Mississippian paleogeography, imply that biothems deposited during relative highstand events on one flank of the TA are time-equivalent to biothems deposited during relative lowstand events on the opposite flank of the TA. This distribution is interpreted to have been controlled by intraplate tectonic events that formed “piano-key” basins along the flanks of the TA. The spatial patterns of these basins are not consistent with published models of basin evolution. A further conclusion is that the lack of transgressive or regressive coincident Mississippian biothems on either flank of the TA suggests that it is inadvisable to impose the Mississippi Valley-derived eustasy curve on western flank depositional sequences.

scholarly journals Coal-bearing strata sequence stratigraphy of Paleogene Meihe Formation, Meihe Basin, NE China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueyue Bai ◽  
Qingtian Lü ◽  
Zhaojun Liu ◽  
Pingchang Sun ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
System Tracts

AbstractThe Meihe Basin is an important Paleogene coal-bearing basin located in the Dunhua-Mishan Fault Zone, northeastern China. Based on a comprehensive study of well logs, seismic profiles, cores and rock geochemical properties, the coal distribution, paleoenvironment evolution within a sequence stratigraphic framework and the accumulation model to explain how coal seams developed in small fault basin were discussed in detail. Three-third-order sequences were identified in the Paleogene Meihe Formation of Meihe Basin and the two coal-bearing sequences are the Lower Coal-bearing Member of Sequence I and the Upper Coal-bearing Member of Sequence III. All three types of system tracts are developed in both sequences, i.e., the lowstand systems tract (LST), the transgressive systems tract (TST), and the highstand systems tract (HST). In LST of Sequence I, fan delta plain marsh is the main coal accumulating environment where coal seams are thin, discontinuous and therefore uneconomic for mining, and it is the same with all coal seams developed in Sequence III. While in TST and HST of Sequence I, lake swamp is the main sedimentary environment where coal seams are thick, continuous, widely distributed, and thus economically attractive for mining. In the study area, the nice thick economical coal seams are usually developed in an ideal stable depositional environment where organic matter accommodation space grows at a balanced rate with peat, in other words, free of sediment input or channel migration. The key findings of this study could provide guidance for the exploration of coal seams in the Meihe Basin and other similar basins.

scholarly journals Facies Analysis and Depositional Environments of the Late Palaeozoic Coal-Bearing Madzaringwe Formation in the Tshipise-Pafuri Basin, South Africa

ISRN Geology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ntokozo Malaza ◽  
Kuiwu Liu ◽  
Baojin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Lower Member ◽  
Late Palaeozoic ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Middle Member

The late Palaeozoic coal-bearing Madzaringwe Formation of the Karoo Supergroup in the Tshipise-Pafuri Basin in the Limpopo Province, South Africa, records part of the infill of a passive continental margin terrain. Lithofacies analysis was performed with a view to deduce the nature of depositional environments of the Formation. Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic evidence indicates that this unit represents a complex siliciclastic facies that reflects a fluvial paleodepositional environment. Eleven facies, which were grouped into five facies associations, were recognised. The base of the Madzaringwe Formation (Lower Member) represents a sequence deposited by braided channels. The coal deposits represent flood plain and swamp deposits, which is characterised by shale, thick coal seams, siltstone, and sandstone. The Middle Member is characterised by both clast and matrix supported conglomerates, major tubular and lenticular sandstones, and finely calcareous, micaceous siltstone. The deposition represents a sequence being formed from fluvial and particularly braided channels. The crudely stratified, coarse to pebbly sandstone indicates channel lag deposits within a heavy loaded fluvial system. The fine-grained sandstone represents deposition by shift channel and side bar deposits during lower flow conditions. The Upper Member is characterised by facies associations similar to the Lower Member, representing a new depositional cyclothem.

scholarly journals Coal-bearing strata sequence stratigraphy of Paleogene Meihe Formation, Meihe Basin, NE China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueyue Bai ◽  
Qingtian Lü ◽  
Zhaojun Liu ◽  
Pingchang Sun ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
System Tracts

Abstract The Meihe Basin is an important Paleogene coal-bearing basin located in the Dunhua-Mishan Fault Zone, northeastern China. Based on a comprehensive study of well logs, seismic profiles, cores and rock geochemical properties, the coal distribution, paleoenvironment evolution within a sequence stratigraphic framework and the accumulation model to explain how coal seams developed in small fault basinsw were discussed in detail. Three third-order sequences were identified in the Paleogene Meihe Formation of Meihe Basin and the two coal-bearing sequences are the Lower Coal-bearing Member of Sequence I and the Upper Coal-bearing Member of Sequence III. All three types of system tracts are developed in both sequences, i.e., the lowstand systems tract (LST), the transgressive systems tract (TST), and the highstand systems tract (HST). In LST of Sequence I, fan delta plain marsh is the main coal accumulating environment where coal seams are thin, discontinuous and therefore uneconomic for mining, and it is the same with all coal seams developed in Sequence III. While in TST and HST of Sequence I, lake swamp is the main sedimentary environment where coal seams are thick, continuous, widely distributed, and thus economically attractive for mining. In the study area, the nice thick economical coal seams are usually developed in an ideal stable depositional environment where organic matter accommodation space grows at a balanced rate with peat, in other words, free of sediment input or channel migration. The key findings of this study could provide guidance for the exploration of coal seams in the Meihe Basin and other similar basins.

Carbon isotope and sequence stratigraphy of the upper Isachsen Formation on Axel Heiberg Island (Nunavut, Canada): High Arctic expression of oceanic anoxic event 1a in a deltaic environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Dummann ◽  
Claudia Schröder-Adams ◽  
Peter Hofmann ◽  
Janet Rethemeyer ◽  
Jens O. Herrle
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Oceanic Anoxic Event ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Anoxic Event ◽  
Sverdrup Basin

<p>Oceanic anoxic event (OAE) 1a documents a major perturbation of the Early Cretaceous global carbon cycle with severe consequences for the ocean-climate-biosphere system. While numerous studies over the past decades have provided a relatively detailed picture of the environmental repercussions of OAE 1a at low and mid-latitudes, studies from high latitudes, in particular the High Arctic, are limited. In this study, we present a high-resolution carbon isotopic and sequence stratigraphic framework for the lower to lower upper Aptian interval of the Isachsen Formation of the High Arctic Sverdrup Basin (Canada). These data enable us to precisely locate the stratigraphic position of OAE 1a in a deltaic sedimentary environment. The carbon isotope record allows, for the first time, identification of the different carbon isotope segments (CISs) of OAE 1a in the Sverdrup Basin and thereby correlation of the High Arctic record with sections from lower latitudes. Based on this improved chemostratigraphy, we revise the age of upper Paterson Island, Rondon, and Walker Island Members, important regional lithostratigraphic marker units. Whole-rock geochemical data record two episodes of marine incursion into the Sverdrup Basin during OAE 1a (CISs Ap3 and Ap6), which are interpreted as regional maximum flooding surfaces. This information is used in conjunction with detailed sedimentological logs and geochemical grain-size proxies to refine the sequence stratigraphic framework for the upper Isachsen Formation. We propose that transgressive-regressive cycles in the Sverdrup Basin were mainly controlled by the combined effects of eustatic sea-level changes and regional tectonic uplift, potentially related to the emplacement of Alpha Ridge, which culminated at ca. 122 Ma during CIS Ap9.</p>

scholarly journals A new upper Oligocene marine record from northern Sinai (Egypt) and its paleogeographic context

GeoArabia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Kuss ◽  
Mohamed A. Boukhary
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Larger Foraminifera ◽  
Larger Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Upper Oligocene ◽  
Maximum Flooding Surface ◽  
Warm Temperate

ABSTRACT The upper Oligocene Wadi Arish Formation is composed of a carbonate-dominated succession at Gebel Risan Aneiza (Sinai). The 77-m-thick unit disconformably overlies Jurassic to lower Cretaceous carbonates and is subdivided into three members, comprising six lithofacies units. The lower Wadi Arish member contains three units, a gypsiferous sandstone unit (Oa), overlain by two limestone units (Ob and Oc). The middle Wadi Arish member is represented by a conspicuous marl unit (Od) that is overlain by two upper limestone units (Oe and Of) of the upper Wadi Arish member. We discuss the euphotic subtidal depositional environments in conjunction with macro- and microfacies characteristics. Six microfacies types are defined, dominated by grain associations of rhodoliths, larger benthic foraminifera (rotaliids), corallinaceans, bivalves, peloids, few corals, and bryozoans. They characterize rhodalgal associations, common in non-tropical warm-temperate settings. Biostratigraphy is based on larger foraminifera. The middle Wadi Arish member corresponds with SB 23 (Chattian) and may correlate with Pg50, a regional maximum flooding surface. Our sequence stratigraphic interpretations define a late lowstand to early transgressive systems tract (lower Wadi Arish member), a late transgressive systems tract (middle Wadi Arish member), while the upper Wadi Arish member reflects highstand conditions. The paleogeographic setting and sequence stratigraphic interpretation of this unique upper Oligocene outcrop is placed in context of the northeast African-Arabian region.

GREENSAND RESERVOIRS IN SILICICLASTIC SHORELINE SYSTEMS: FACIES MODELS FOR HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
I.A. Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
North West ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
The North ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Greensand reservoirs are particularly significant in siliciclastic shoreline systems. Formation of autochthonous glauconite is restricted almost exclusively to the rising limb of the relative sea level (RSL) curve. Depositional environments that are typically developed in response to a rise in RSL are estuaries, barrier bars and shoreface sands. In this setting, the greensands are diachronous and exploration for hydrocarbon reservoirs should ideally be based on a sequence stratigraphic framework. These deposits are characterised by a number of significant surfaces that differ greatly in their origin, geographic extent and chronostratigraphic significance, and their thickness depends on the rate of RSL rise and sediment supply. The identification of significant surfaces bounding or contained within depositional sequences is critical, especially where drillhole samples are either unreliable or not available for geochemical and palynological analysis. Abrupt physical and chemical changes often occur on or across these surfaces, e.g. porosity, permeability and the presence of Fe-rich authigenic minerals such as glauconite and siderite. Greensands deposited in estuarine, barrier bar and shoreforce environments have excellent oil and gas potentail. Early Cretaceous greensand reservoirs from the North West Shelf are best developed where they overlie ravinement surfaces. Recognition of greensands within estuarine, barrier bar and shoreface environments is dependent on the correct identification of facies and the subsequent interpretation of the bounding discontinuities.

scholarly journals Sedimentological, Lithostratigraphic, Clayey and Exoscopic Study of the Senonian Series of Arg N’Sidi Ali Ou Bourk, High Central Atlas of Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Abdelouhed Farah ◽  
Ahmed Algouti ◽  
Abdellah Algouti ◽  
Abdelhalim Tabit ◽  
Hadach Fatiha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
High Atlas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Central High ◽  
Central High Atlas

The sedimentological study of the red formations (Senonian series) represents a challenge and an exciting subject that needs to be explored. This paper will present the sedimentological, stratigraphic, and paleogeographic aspects of the Upper Cretaceous of the ARG N'SIDIALI OR BOURK, Central High Atlas Morocco. In this region, a marker section was realized bed by bed and sampled in a very straightforward way in order to study stratigraphy, to describe, to interpret and to characterize the sedimentary environment of the senonian succession in the ARG N'SIDIALI OU BOURK region, more particularly the analysis of the clays by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) has allowed understanding the depositional environments of the Upper Cretaceous formations. Therefore, the Senonian of ARG N'SIDIALI OU BOURK corresponds to continental lagoon deposits. It is characterised by sedimentation in the continental environment (fluvial or flooded), with some rare marine ascents marked by the installation of whitish sandstone bars.

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