scholarly journals Postrelease exploration and diel activity of hatchery, wild, and hybrid strain brown trout in seminatural streams

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1772-1779
Author(s):  
Nico Alioravainen ◽  
Jenni M. Prokkola ◽  
Alexandre Lemopoulos ◽  
Laura Härkönen ◽  
Pekka Hyvärinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hybrid Strain ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
In The Wild

Behaviour that is adaptive in captivity may be maladaptive in the wild and compromise postrelease survival of hatchery fish. The understanding of behavioural variation displayed immediately after release could help to improve hatchery protocols and development of behavioural tests for assessing the fitness of fish reared for releases. We characterized the postrelease behaviour of common-garden-raised offspring of wild resident, captive-bred migratory, and hybrid brown trout (Salmo trutta) in two experiments: in small artificial channels and in high and low densities in seminatural streams. The results from seminatural streams showed that hatchery fish were more likely to disperse downstream from the initial stocking site compared with hybrid and wild strain fish. The small-scale experiment did not reveal this ecologically pivotal difference in postrelease performance among strains, and individual responses were inconsistent between the experiments. Circadian activity patterns did not differ among strains. These detailed observations of postrelease behaviour reveal important intrinsic differences in dispersal traits among brown trout strains and suggest that selective breeding and crossbreeding can substantially affect these traits.

scholarly journals Post-release exploration and diel activity of hatchery, wild and crossbred strain brown trout in semi-natural streams

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Jaakko Tapani Alioravainen ◽  
Jenni M. Prokkola ◽  
Alexandre Lemopoulos ◽  
Laura Härkönen ◽  
Pekka Hyvärinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Natural Streams ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Behavioural Tests

Behaviours that are adaptive in captivity may be maladaptive in the wild and hence compromise after-release survival of hatchery fish. Understanding behavioural differences displayed straight after the release could help improving hatchery protocols and developing behavioural tests for assessing the fitness of fish reared for releases. We characterized the post-release behaviour in two experiments using parr from wild, hatchery and crossed strains of brown trout (Salmo trutta): in small-scale channels and in high and low densities in mesocosm streams. Our results show that hatchery fish were more likely to disperse downstream from the natal stocking site compared to crossbred and wild fish. Small-scale experiment was not sufficient in discovering this ecologically pivotal difference in post-release performance between strains, and individual responses were inconsistent between experiments. Circadian activity patterns were not found to remarkably differ between strains. This detailed empirical evidence of post-release behaviour improves our understanding of the low success of captive-reared fish in the wild. Mixing locally adapted wild fish in the broodstock could rapidly mitigate some of the behavioural effects of hatchery selection.

Migration barriers protect indigenous brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations from introgression with stocked hatchery fish

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. J Van. Houdt ◽  
J. Pinceel ◽  
M. -C. Flamand ◽  
M. Briquet ◽  
E. Dupont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Migration Barriers ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Diel locomotor activity patterns of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in an electronic shuttlebox

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Bachman ◽  
William W. Reynolds ◽  
Martha E. Casterlin
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Invasive brook trout disrupt the diel activity and aggregation patterns of native brown trout

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1052-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Larranaga ◽  
Magnus L. Wallerius ◽  
Haoyu Guo ◽  
Julien Cucherousset ◽  
Jörgen I. Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Aggregation Pattern ◽  
Competition Mode ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

In European streams, native brown trout (Salmo trutta) feed primarily on aquatic prey but consume a higher proportion of terrestrial prey in sympatry with non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). This is a rare example of diet convergence that may be associated with changes in diel activity or aggregation pattern by brown trout in sympatry. We recorded the activity and positions of brown trout from two origins and in two competition modes (allopatry versus sympatry, four combinations) placed in replicated stream enclosures for 29 days to test these hypotheses. Brown trout originating from or placed in sympatry were more diurnal and aggregated than those originating from or placed in allopatry. Changes in the diel activity of brown trout placed in a novel competition mode occurred progressively throughout the study. Thus, brown trout show strong behavioral flexibility in response to the non-native competitor and can revert to allopatric behavior when brook trout is removed from the system. These behavioral adjustments may have unsuspected effects on food webs and ecosystem functioning, which deserve further attention.

Activity Cycles in the Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.): 2. Fish Artificially Fed

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Swift
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Locomotory Activity ◽  
Prime Stimulus ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Annual Activity ◽  
Activity Cycles ◽  
Increased Activity

The diurnal and annual locomotory activity cycles of four brown trout confined in separate cages on the bed of Windermere and fed artificially from the lake surface are described. The annual activity curves were very similar, the fish being less active during the winter than in the summer with maximum activity occurring in June and again in August. The diurnal activity patterns were also very similar with a sharp rise in activity at dawn each day after an inactive night, the increased activity being maintained throughout the light period and falling rapidly at dusk.Two of the fish were fed daily at irregular times and two were fed automatically every 2 hr. The similarity of the activity patterns of these four fish and also the similarity to the patterns of unfed fish described in a previous paper suggests that light and not food is the prime stimulus to locomotory activity in brown trout.

Reduced hatchery rearing density increases social dominance, postrelease growth, and survival in brown trout (Salmo trutta)

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Brockmark ◽  
Jörgen I. Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Dominance Status ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Rearing Density ◽  
Natural Density

Hatchery fish reared for conservation or supplementation often have difficulties adapting to natural conditions, resulting in poor performance in the wild. In a standard hatchery, fish are confined at high densities, which creates a social environment different from that experienced after release. Here we investigated how rearing density influences social dominance, postrelease growth, and survival in brown trout ( Salmo trutta ). Fish were reared at three density treatments: conventional hatchery density, half of conventional hatchery density, and natural density. Four months after hatching, dominance status was determined, and 36 fish from each treatment were released into an enclosed stream and recaptured after 36 days. Trout reared at natural density had higher dominance status and grew faster, both in the hatchery and in the natural stream, than trout from higher densities. Moreover, trout reared at natural density were twice as likely to survive in the stream as trout from higher densities. These novel results suggest that more natural rearing densities would facilitate the development of adaptive behaviour in hatchery salmonids and, thereby, their contribution to natural production.

Maintenance of asymmetric hybridization between Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) via postzygotic barriers and paternal effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Álvarez ◽  
Eva Garcia-Vazquez
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Paternal Effects ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Postzygotic Barriers ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
In The Wild

At the southern European edge of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) distribution, all the hybrids found in nature are the product of crosses between female salmon and male brown trout ( Salmo trutta ). By artificially producing reciprocal crosses between salmon and trout, we demonstrate that unidirectional hybridization observed in nature is the result of postzygotic barriers that produce very high mortality rates (95%) in female trout × male salmon hybrids and not the consequence of prezygotic isolation or behavioural differences between the two species. Mortality of female trout × male salmon hybrids mainly occurs during the last phases of development, and a high percentage of these surviving hybrids showed external deformities that could compromise survival in the wild. Another important finding is the existence of paternal factor in embryo development. Using time to midhatch as an indicator of developmental rate, female salmon × male trout hybrids hatched faster than female trout × male salmon hybrids, with both developing at a rate intermediate to the pure crosses. The early emergence of female salmon × male trout hybrids, which have similar survival to pure salmons, could have fitness repercussions, since early emerging fry have a competitive advantage over later emerging fry.

scholarly journals Behavioural effects in juvenile brown trout in response to parental angling selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Alioravainen ◽  
Pekka Hyvärinen ◽  
Anssi Vainikka
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Wild Stock ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Juvenile Brown Trout

Fishing that selectively captures and removes fish based on their behavioural decisions is predicted to induce evolution towards timid fish stocks. Thus, offspring behaviour should associate with parental vulnerability to angling. We examined phenotypic behavioural variation in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) whose parents, representing a hatchery and a wild stock, were experimentally grouped based on their relative vulnerability to angling. The F1 offspring from highly vulnerable (HV) and low vulnerable (LV) parents were reared in common garden conditions together with a crossbred wild × hatchery reference group and tested for boldness during their first summer. Wild LV juveniles were the shyest of all fish, but not distinctly shyer than wild HV juveniles. Contradictorily, hatchery LV juveniles expressed bolder behaviour than hatchery HV juveniles. We show that angling selection may have transgenerational behavioural effects independently of size variation, but changes in behaviour can manifest differently in fish from different backgrounds. Our results partly support the earlier findings of increased angling-induced timidity in wild populations and thus call for management focus on behavioural effects of fishing.

Small-scale dispersal and population structure in stream-living brown trout (Salmo trutta) inferred by mark–recapture, pedigree reconstruction, and population genetics

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1513-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad ◽  
Dimitar Serbezov ◽  
Arthur Bass ◽  
Louis Bernatchez ◽  
Esben Moland Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Mature Fish

Many animals move among habitats, and even small-scale dispersal of individuals between habitat patches may have strong implications for population dynamics and structure. Here, we use long-term mark–recapture data combined with extensive genotyping and parentage assignment to investigate the importance of small-scale location change of resident brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) in a small stream (1500 m). During the first summer, juvenile fish dispersed downstream (mean displacement 200 m), with smaller juveniles dispersing longer distances. Downstream movement was also predominant during the first winter, but older fish moved little. This limited dispersal resulted in a significant isolation-by-distance structure for ages 1 and 2, but not for older age groups or for the mature fish. Individual pairwise relatedness coefficients decreased with waterway distance for mature fish during the 2002 and 2003 spawning seasons, but only weakly. Overall, between-site genetic differentiation was stronger for the younger age classes, and the signal decayed with age, indicating that the genetic structure observed in the stream is mainly driven by spatial aggregation of close relatives.

scholarly journals Does parental angling selection affect the behavior or metabolism of brown trout parr?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni M. Prokkola ◽  
Nico Alioravainen ◽  
Lauri Mehtätalo ◽  
Pekka Hyvärinen ◽  
Alexandre Lemopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe behavior of organisms can be subject to human induced selection such as that arising from fishing. Angling is expected to induce mortality on fish with bold and explorative behavior, which are behaviors commonly linked to a high standard metabolic rate. We studied the transgenerational response of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to angling-induced selection by examining the behavior and metabolism of 1-year-old parr between parents that were or were not captured by experimental fly fishing. We performed the angling selection experiment on both a wild and a captive population, and compared the offspring for standard metabolic rate and behavior under predation risk in common garden conditions. Angling had population-specific effects on risk taking and exploration tendency, but no effects on standard metabolic rate. Our study adds to the evidence that angling can induce transgenerational responses on fish personality. However, understanding the mechanisms of divergent responses between the populations requires further study on the selectivity of angling in various conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document