Bt-Cry3Aa transgene expression reduces insect damage and improves growth in field-grown hybrid poplar

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Klocko ◽  
Richard Meilan ◽  
Rosalind R. James ◽  
Venkatesh Viswanath ◽  
Cathleen Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Beetle Damage

The stability and value of transgenic pest resistance for promoting tree growth are poorly understood. These data are essential for determining if such trees could be beneficial to commercial growers in the face of substantial regulatory and marketing costs. We investigated growth and insect resistance in hybrid poplar expressing the cry3Aa transgene in two field trials. An initial screening of 502 trees comprising 51 transgenic gene insertion events in four clonal backgrounds (Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides, clones 24-305, 50-197, and 198-434; and P. deltoides × Populus nigra, clone OP-367) resulted in transgenic trees with greatly reduced insect damage. A large-scale study of 402 trees from nine insertion events in clone OP-367, conducted over two growing seasons, demonstrated reduced tree damage and significantly increased volume growth (mean 14%). Quantification of Cry3Aa protein indicated high levels of expression, which continued after 14 years of annual or biannual coppice in a clone bank. With integrated management, the cry3Aa gene appears to be a highly effective tool for protecting against leaf beetle damage and improving yields from poplar plantations.

scholarly journals Defining hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus trichocarpa) tolerance to ozone: identifying key parameters

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. RYAN ◽  
C. COJOCARIU ◽  
M. POSSELL ◽  
W. J. DAVIES ◽  
C. N. HEWITT
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar

scholarly journals The Effects of Initial Spacing and Rectangularity on the Early Growth of Hybrid Poplar

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne D. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Initial Spacing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Plantation Spacing

Abstract Hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray × Populus deltoides Marsh.) plantations, at two locations in southern British Columbia, were examined 9 years after planting, to determine the effects of plantation spacing on individual-tree and per-hectare growth and development. At both locations, spacing had a direct, significant effect on virtually all of the individual-tree characteristics examined. For a given amount of growing space per tree, rectangularity (within-row/between-row spacing ratios) had no significant effect on individual-tree diameter, height, or total bole volume. Virtually all of the per-hectare characteristics examined were not significantly affected by spacing at either location.

Phenotypic variation in growth and biomass distribution for two advanced-generation pedigrees of hybrid poplar

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1779-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan D Wullschleger ◽  
T M Yin ◽  
S P DiFazio ◽  
T J Tschaplinski ◽  
L E Gunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Coarse Roots ◽  
Fractional Distribution

To assess the genetic control of biomass distribution in trees, phenotypic variation in the distribution of dry mass to stems, branches, leaves, coarse roots, and fine roots was examined in two hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray (T) × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. (D)) families grown under field conditions. Family 331 was an inbred F2 (TD × TD) pedigree, whereas family 13 was an outbred backcross BC1 (TD × D) pedigree. Fractional distribution of total whole-tree biomass to shoots and roots during their establishment year averaged (±SD) 0.62 ± 0.09 and 0.38 ± 0.09, respectively, across 247 genotypes in family 331, and 0.57 ± 0.06 and 0.43 ± 0.06, respectively, across 160 genotypes in family 13. In contrast, fractional distribution of total biomass in 2-year-old trees was 0.79 ± 0.04 to shoots and 0.21 ± 0.04 to roots. Allometric analysis indicated that as trees increased in age, biomass was preferentially distributed to stems and branches, whereas distribution to roots declined. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for family 13 indicated 31 QTL (likelihood of odds >2.5) for traits measured. The percent phenotypic variation explained by any single QTL ranged from 7.5% to 18.3% and averaged 11.2% across all QTL. These results show that aboveground and belowground patterns of biomass distribution are under genetic control. This finding has wide-ranging implications for carbon sequestration, phytoremediation, and basic biological research in trees.

Defoliation patterns and genetics of insect resistance in cottonwoods

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
R R James ◽  
G Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
The Difference

In 1995, an outbreak of a leaf beetle, Phratora californica Brown (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), began in a three-generation Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr. pedigree planting near the lower Columbia River in Oregon. This outbreak provided us with an opportunity to assess leaf beetle feeding patterns and the genetics of cottonwood resistance to defoliation. We developed a method for estimating damage levels by training personnel to visually estimate percent damage in leaf samples. Digital image analysis was used to measure damage to the leaves used in the training. Based on a sample of 300 trees from 100 genotypes, herbivory was found to be greatest in the upper canopy and in the fall. Broad-sense heritability was estimated to be 0.88 and 0.80 for July and October, respectively, demonstrating that resistance to P. californica is under relatively strong genetic control. Resistance in the F2 likely came from the P. trichocarpa parent, because this parent was less susceptible, on average, than the P. deltoides parent. However, the difference between parents was not great, and any further genetic analysis of resistance to Phratora californica should employ crosses between individuals with more strongly contrasting phenotypes.

scholarly journals The CP4 transgene provides high levels of tolerance to Roundup® herbicide in field-grown hybrid poplars

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Meilan ◽  
K -H Han ◽  
C Ma ◽  
S P DiFazio ◽  
J A Eaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Glyphosate Tolerance ◽  
Hybrid Poplars ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Identical Number ◽  
Better Than

We tested two genes together in hybrid poplars (genus Populus), CP4 and GOX, for imparting tolerance to glyphosate (the active ingredient in Roundup® herbicide). Using Agrobacterium-based transformation, 80 independent transgenic lines (i.e., products of asexual gene transfer) were produced in a variety of hybrid poplar clones (40 lines in Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr., 35 lines in Populus tremula L. × Populus alba L., and five lines in P. tremula × Populus tremuloides Michx.). We evaluated glyphosate tolerance over 2 years in field studies conducted in eastern and western Oregon. Ten percent of our transgenic lines showed no foliar damage or reduced growth after being sprayed with Roundup® at concentrations above normal commercial rates. Lack of damage was associated with expression of the CP4 gene but not of the GOX gene. It was suspected that GOX caused undesirable side effects, so we produced 12 lines into which only the CP4 gene was inserted. The performance of these newly regenerated lines was compared with an identical number of lines, produced in the same genotype, that had previously been engineered to contain both CP4 and GOX. Growth of the lines transformed with just CP4 was significantly better than those containing both genes and exhibited less damage in response to glyphosate treatment. This is the first report of transgenic poplars exhibiting high levels of glyphosate tolerance when grown under field conditions. With a modest transformation effort, it is possible to produce lines with commercially useful levels of glyphosate tolerance and little apparent collateral genetic damage.

First-year growth response of four Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides clones to fertilizer placement and level

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
R van den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
First Year ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N

Fertilizer (18:40:0, N:P:K) was applied by two methods, each at different levels, following establishment of a hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) plantation, containing four clones, on central Vancouver Island. Nitrogen and P were supplied at 0, 100, and 200 kg·ha-1 by banding, and at 0, 25 and 50 kg·ha-1 by placing in holes adjacent to cuttings. After one season, response to placed treatments (mean height 182 cm) was greater than to banded treatments (mean height 149 cm). The 50 kg·ha-1 placed treatment increased stem volume 4.3-fold above control, and the 200 kg·ha-1 banded treatment increased stem volume 2.4-fold above control. Uptake of N and P was about 10-fold greater per kilogram of fertilizer nutrient for placed than banded treatments. Fertilizer increased leaf N concentration, but concentrations of most other nutrients declined despite increased uptake. Significant increases in stem volume occurred when leaf N concentration was about 29 g·kg-1 in clone 1, but 23-25 g·kg-1 in the other clones. Clone 2 tolerated foliage P concentrations below 1.4 g·kg-1 at the greatest growth rates. Stem volume was positively correlated with soil total N% and organic C% in the 16-30 cm horizon.

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