scholarly journals The CP4 transgene provides high levels of tolerance to Roundup® herbicide in field-grown hybrid poplars

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Meilan ◽  
K -H Han ◽  
C Ma ◽  
S P DiFazio ◽  
J A Eaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Glyphosate Tolerance ◽  
Hybrid Poplars ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Identical Number ◽  
Better Than

We tested two genes together in hybrid poplars (genus Populus), CP4 and GOX, for imparting tolerance to glyphosate (the active ingredient in Roundup® herbicide). Using Agrobacterium-based transformation, 80 independent transgenic lines (i.e., products of asexual gene transfer) were produced in a variety of hybrid poplar clones (40 lines in Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr., 35 lines in Populus tremula L. × Populus alba L., and five lines in P. tremula × Populus tremuloides Michx.). We evaluated glyphosate tolerance over 2 years in field studies conducted in eastern and western Oregon. Ten percent of our transgenic lines showed no foliar damage or reduced growth after being sprayed with Roundup® at concentrations above normal commercial rates. Lack of damage was associated with expression of the CP4 gene but not of the GOX gene. It was suspected that GOX caused undesirable side effects, so we produced 12 lines into which only the CP4 gene was inserted. The performance of these newly regenerated lines was compared with an identical number of lines, produced in the same genotype, that had previously been engineered to contain both CP4 and GOX. Growth of the lines transformed with just CP4 was significantly better than those containing both genes and exhibited less damage in response to glyphosate treatment. This is the first report of transgenic poplars exhibiting high levels of glyphosate tolerance when grown under field conditions. With a modest transformation effort, it is possible to produce lines with commercially useful levels of glyphosate tolerance and little apparent collateral genetic damage.

Growth and nutrition of hybrid poplars over 3 years after fertilization at planting

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
K R Brown ◽  
R van den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Poplar Plantation ◽  
Hybrid Poplars ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

A hybrid poplar plantation on eastern Vancouver Island was fertilized at planting with two readily soluble and four controlled-release fertilizers (CRF). The CRFs varied in their duration of release and in their ratio of N to other elements. Fertilizers were applied at rates supplying 0, 13.5, or 27 g N/tree (N0, N13.5, and N27 treatments). The plantation contained one Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. (T × D) and one P. trichocarpa × Populus maximowiczii A. Henry (T × M) hybrid. The T × D hybrid was consistently larger than the T × M hybrid. After 1 year, stem volumes were 24 and 35% greater in the N13.5 and N27 treatments, respectively; after 3 years, volumes were 9 and 21% greater, respectively. Volumes of trees fertilized with readily soluble fertilizers did not differ from those fertilized with CRFs, but volumes may have differed between CRFs. Growth of poplar on this site appeared to be limited by multiple elemental deficiencies, particularly of N, P, and S.

Bt-Cry3Aa transgene expression reduces insect damage and improves growth in field-grown hybrid poplar

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Klocko ◽  
Richard Meilan ◽  
Rosalind R. James ◽  
Venkatesh Viswanath ◽  
Cathleen Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Beetle Damage

The stability and value of transgenic pest resistance for promoting tree growth are poorly understood. These data are essential for determining if such trees could be beneficial to commercial growers in the face of substantial regulatory and marketing costs. We investigated growth and insect resistance in hybrid poplar expressing the cry3Aa transgene in two field trials. An initial screening of 502 trees comprising 51 transgenic gene insertion events in four clonal backgrounds (Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides, clones 24-305, 50-197, and 198-434; and P. deltoides × Populus nigra, clone OP-367) resulted in transgenic trees with greatly reduced insect damage. A large-scale study of 402 trees from nine insertion events in clone OP-367, conducted over two growing seasons, demonstrated reduced tree damage and significantly increased volume growth (mean 14%). Quantification of Cry3Aa protein indicated high levels of expression, which continued after 14 years of annual or biannual coppice in a clone bank. With integrated management, the cry3Aa gene appears to be a highly effective tool for protecting against leaf beetle damage and improving yields from poplar plantations.

scholarly journals Defining hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus trichocarpa) tolerance to ozone: identifying key parameters

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. RYAN ◽  
C. COJOCARIU ◽  
M. POSSELL ◽  
W. J. DAVIES ◽  
C. N. HEWITT
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar

scholarly journals The Effects of Initial Spacing and Rectangularity on the Early Growth of Hybrid Poplar

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne D. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Initial Spacing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Plantation Spacing

Abstract Hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray × Populus deltoides Marsh.) plantations, at two locations in southern British Columbia, were examined 9 years after planting, to determine the effects of plantation spacing on individual-tree and per-hectare growth and development. At both locations, spacing had a direct, significant effect on virtually all of the individual-tree characteristics examined. For a given amount of growing space per tree, rectangularity (within-row/between-row spacing ratios) had no significant effect on individual-tree diameter, height, or total bole volume. Virtually all of the per-hectare characteristics examined were not significantly affected by spacing at either location.

Clone by isolate interaction in the hybrid poplar – Septoria musiva pathosystem

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1888-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared M. LeBoldus ◽  
Peter V. Blenis ◽  
Barb R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Resistance Screening ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Hybrid Poplars ◽  
Septoria Musiva ◽  
Explained Variation

Fourteen clones of hybrid poplar were inoculated with 19 isolates of Septoria musiva Peck under greenhouse conditions to determine the magnitude of the clone, isolate, and clone × isolate interaction effects. Septoria musiva isolates were collected from five geographic areas, two symptoms (canker and leaf spot), and two host types (native species and hybrid poplar). The hybrid poplar clones were classified by parent type ( Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh., Populus laurifolia Lebed. × Populus nigra L., and P. deltoides × (P. laurifolia × P. nigra)). There were no significant differences among geographic areas (p = 0.443), symptoms (p = 0.842), or hosts (p = 0.304) of origin for the 19 isolates nor significant differences among the three parent types (p = 0.089). Clone, isolate, and clone × isolate interaction effects were all significant, accounting for 65%, 15%, and 18%, respectively, of the explained variation. These results indicate that clones rather than parent types should be the focus of resistance screening programs and that the pathosystem should be stable given the relatively small clone × isolate interaction. These results also indicate that a single isolate should be sufficient for preliminary screening of disease resistance in hybrid poplars.

Phenotypic variation in growth and biomass distribution for two advanced-generation pedigrees of hybrid poplar

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1779-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan D Wullschleger ◽  
T M Yin ◽  
S P DiFazio ◽  
T J Tschaplinski ◽  
L E Gunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Coarse Roots ◽  
Fractional Distribution

To assess the genetic control of biomass distribution in trees, phenotypic variation in the distribution of dry mass to stems, branches, leaves, coarse roots, and fine roots was examined in two hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray (T) × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. (D)) families grown under field conditions. Family 331 was an inbred F2 (TD × TD) pedigree, whereas family 13 was an outbred backcross BC1 (TD × D) pedigree. Fractional distribution of total whole-tree biomass to shoots and roots during their establishment year averaged (±SD) 0.62 ± 0.09 and 0.38 ± 0.09, respectively, across 247 genotypes in family 331, and 0.57 ± 0.06 and 0.43 ± 0.06, respectively, across 160 genotypes in family 13. In contrast, fractional distribution of total biomass in 2-year-old trees was 0.79 ± 0.04 to shoots and 0.21 ± 0.04 to roots. Allometric analysis indicated that as trees increased in age, biomass was preferentially distributed to stems and branches, whereas distribution to roots declined. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for family 13 indicated 31 QTL (likelihood of odds >2.5) for traits measured. The percent phenotypic variation explained by any single QTL ranged from 7.5% to 18.3% and averaged 11.2% across all QTL. These results show that aboveground and belowground patterns of biomass distribution are under genetic control. This finding has wide-ranging implications for carbon sequestration, phytoremediation, and basic biological research in trees.

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