THE BIOLOGY OF PODISUS SERIEVENTRIS UHLER, IN CAPE BRETON, NOVA SCOTIA

1933 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Prebble
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
First Instar ◽  
History Of ◽  
June July

The biology of Podisus serieventris Uhler, and its role in an outbreak of the black-headed budworm, Peronea variana Fernald, in Cape Breton, N.S., are described from studies carried on in 1930 and 1931. There is but one complete generation of Podisus a year, and adults of both sexes hibernate. The eggs are laid in late June, July and early August, the incubation period ranging between 10 and 15 days. There are five nymphal stages, requiring about 45 days, on the average, for the attainment of the adult condition. In these respects particularly, the life history of Podisus serieventris in Cape Breton differs from its life history in Massachusetts, where four nymphal stages and three annual generations and the hibernation of females only, have been reported.The species conforms satisfactorily to Dyar's Law, the average growth ratio of individuals studied in 1931 being about 1.28. The first-stage nymphs feed on unhatched eggs of their own species, and upon the juices of coniferous and deciduous foliage, but were not induced to feed upon small caterpillars. Nymphs were able to complete the first instar on a purely vegetable diet, but died before the second moult when the same diet was continued. Older nymphs, fed for some time on animal food, were not able to attain the adult condition when supplied with plant food alone. This indicates the dependence of the species upon animal food; the food consumption of the various stages is briefly summarized. Evidence is presented which suggests the utilization, by Podisus, of a toxic secretion in overcoming their prey.The rather limited value of Podisus as a control factor in the outbreak of Peronea variana in 1930 and 1931 is described. The decline of the Peronea population in 1931 caused a corresponding mortality in the Podisus population, by starvation.

scholarly journals Life History of the Tamarind Weevil, Sitophilus linearis (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), on Tamarind Seed

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Adebayo Ojo ◽  
Adebayo Amos Omoloye
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Tamarind Seed ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
History Of

The tamarind weevil, Sitophilus linearis Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an important pest of tamarind and other Caesalpinioideae. Investigating its life history is important in the implementation of management strategy. Its life history was monitored daily to understand its developmental biology on tamarind seed following standard procedures under laboratory conditions of 24–30°C temperature, 60–70% relative humidity, and 12L : 12D photoperiod. The egg incubation period lasted 3.17 ± 0.07 days. A mated female of S. linearis laid an average of 165 ± 5.78 eggs during an oviposition period of 86.8 ± 2.47 days. There were four larval instars, with a total larval developmental period of 16 days. The pupal period lasted 8 days, and adult lived 108.5 ± 3.61 days. The overall growth ratio for the four instars was 1.33. There was a regular relationship and significant correlation (r=0.94) between the stages of larval development and head capsule width.

The life history of Caurinus dectes Russell, with a description of the immature stages (Mecoptera: Boreidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren K. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Antennal Segment ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Egg Diapause ◽  
First Instar ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thoracic Legs

AbstractThe egg, larva, and pupa of Caurinus dectes are described and illustrated. Eggs are ellipsoidal, coated with black cement, and are attached to bryophytes. The larva is orthosomatic, with much-reduced thoracic legs, and further differs from other larval Boreidae in: amphipneustic spiracles, number of stemmata (7), placoid sensilla present in membrane of first antennal segment, and egg burster on frons in first instar. Three larval instars are recognized from analysis of head measurements and partial rearing. Larvae feed in stemmines or galleries in leafy liverworts (Jungermanniales). Pupation occurs in a silk-lined cell or cocoon, otherwise unknown in the Mecoptera; the pupa is exarate, with decticous mandibles. The seasonal occurrence of egg eclosion (February-March), pupation (July-August), and principal adult activity (October-April) is typical for the Boreidae, but only C. dectes is univoltine in this family. Successive annual generations appear to overlap through extended egg diapause and adult perenniation.

Eriophyes ribis (Nal.) on Ribes nigrum

1914 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
A. M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Ribes Nigrum ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Simple Character

The life history of the black currant mite, Eriophyes ribis, Nal. is of a simple character from the month of May, when the buds of the current year's growth are entered, till March of the following year. During this time the mites live and multiply in the embryonic leaves producing the abnormal growth familiar to fruit growers as “big-bud.” From the end of March onward, however, the buds so attacked gradually die, and the mites which have lived in them for the past nine months are forced to find other plant food. At this time the buds of the black currant which the mites will eventually live in are rudimentary and it is the end of May before they are sufficiently developed for the acarids to enter.

scholarly journals Life History of the Camelthorn Gall Leafhopper,Scenergates viridis(Vilbaste) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Rakitov ◽  
Esther Appel
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
History Of

The world’s only member of Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha known to form true galls, the leafhopperScenergates viridis(Vilbaste) (Cicadellidae), transforms leaves of camelthorn (Alhagi maurorumMedikus, Fabaceae) into pod-like chambers, up to 35 mm long, inside which individual leafhoppers develop, mate, and lay eggs. At the study site 40 km SE of Bukhara (Uzbekistan), two generations develop annually. First-instar nymphs cause young leaves to fold along the midrib. The subsequent development takes place inside the tightly closed growing gall, plugged at both ends with a mixture of leafhopper excrement, brochosomes, and crushed exuviae. These plugs act as mechanical barriers and sticky traps for intruders. The inner surface of the gall, lined with brochosomes and wax platelets, is hydrophobic. Adult males emerge from their galls and squeeze into female galls. Fertilized females insert an average of 146 eggs under the gall’s inner epidermis and remain inside, possibly protecting the brood, until they die. The walls of the galls containing eggs are approximately three times thicker than regular leaves. The galls are subject to predation by Gelechiidae caterpillars; the eggs of the leafhopper are parasitized by two species of Trichogrammatidae and one Mymaridae (Hymenoptera), and its larvae by one species of Pipunculidae (Diptera).

LIFE HISTORY AND BEHAVIOR OF PODISUS MODESTUS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) IN BOREAL FOREST IN QUEBEC

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Tostowaryk
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Logistic Curve ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
First Instar ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPodisus modestus (Dallas) has one generation per year in the boreal forest of Quebec. Adults hibernate in the litter and soil from mid-autumn to late spring. Overwintered adults were found in the field until the latter part of August. Adults mated shortly after emergence from hibernation. Females mated an average of three times during the summer; the maintenance of a supply of highly fertile eggs apparently required this periodic mating. Young adults, which emerge from August to October, neither mated nor laid eggs before hibernation.The preoviposition period after first mating was 10 to 19 days. Females laid an average of 7.9 egg masses (average of 16.7 eggs per mass) at intervals of 1 to 25 days on jack pine, and on Kalmia and Vaccinium spp.Eighty per cent of the eggs hatched successfully after a mean incubation period of 15.3 days; 12% did not develop while 8% developed and were destroyed, during hatching, by other first-instar nymphs in the brood. Maturing nymphs spent an average of 7.7, 7.7, 7.8, 11.9, and 23.8 days in each of the five respective stadia, and required 59 days from hatching to adult emergence. A logistic curve describes the relationship between developmental time and temperature. First-instar nymphs required no animal food, but during each of the last four instars animal food was required for maturation. The hunting and feeding behavior, food consumption, abundance and mortality of P. modestus are also described.

Life history and biology of the riffle bug Rhagovelia obesa Uhler (Heteroptera: Veliidae) in Southern Ontario

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanna Cheng ◽  
C. H. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Unusual Feature ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
First Instar ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Life History Study

The life history of Rhagovelia obesa (Heteroptera: Veliidae) was investigated using field collected and laboratory reared material. The nymphal instars and adults are described and figured. This is the first life-history study of Rhagovelia or its related genera Tetraripis and Trochopus. These genera together have almost a worldwide distribution and are characterized by a unique swimming plume beating underwater. Four nymphal instars occur instead of the usual five. The overwintering stage is the egg, another unusual feature for aquatic Hemiptera. The site(s) of egg laying have not been located. For the first time Rhagovelia has been raised in the laboratory from first instar to adult.

POST EMBRYOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF EPHEMEROPTERA (MAYFLIES). EXTERNAL CHARACTERS ONLY

1935 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Ide
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Embryological Development ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Definite Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Number Of Segments

The development of external structures is followed from hatching to maturity. The life histories of two species Stenonema canadense Wlk. and Ephemera simulans Wlk. are described in detail and less complete accounts given of nine others.Each moult results in a change in the number of segments in the caudal filaments and on this basis it has been possible to determine the number of instars. In Stenonema canadense the number was found to be between 40 and 45, and in Ephemera simulans about 30. Segments are added to the caudal filaments of the former at each moult in the following way: one in each of the first two moults, two in each of the next three, three in the next and four at each subsequent nymphal moult. In the change from nymph to subimago distal segments are dropped in Ephemera and probably in Stenonema also.Mouth parts are very different in the newly hatched than in the full grown nymph as described for Stenonema canadense.A definite case of a hypermetamorphosis of the tarsus and its claws appears in the life history of Epeorus humeralis and Iron pleuralis.Gills are absent in the first instar in all the species studied. In some species they appear simultaneously on all the gill bearing segments at the first moult. In others they appear on segments five and six only at this moult, those of the other segments appearing only after several moults. The internal or secondary ramus of the gills appears much later in the nymphal life. The ultimate shape of the gill is influenced in some cases by the fact that the gills of segments five and six are segmented or unsegmented.In S. canadense the wing pads make their appearance in about the fifteenth from the last instar and the claspers and external genitalia of the male are apparent in about the eighth from the last instar.At each moult there is some structural change in the nymph adapting it to the environment. The environmental relation is being constantly changed by increase in size of the organism, thus necessitating these adaptations to preserve an equilibrium.

LIFE HISTORY OF CRICOTOPUS MYRIOPHYLLI OLIVER (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) IN THE OKANAGAN VALLEY, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian V. MacRae ◽  
Richard A. Ring
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rate Of Emergence

AbstractThe life history of Cricotopus myriophylli Oliver is described from both field observations and laboratory rearing of field-collected larvae. The species appears to be univoltine with four larval instars and has a sex ratio of ca. 2:1, males to females. Emergence begins in late May in British Columbia and continues until mid-September, with first-instar larvae present in the field from mid-June to mid-August. Water temperature does not appear to influence the rate of emergence. In the laboratory at 21 °C, larvae complete each of the third and fourth instars in 10–14 days. Cricotopus myriophylli overwinters primarily in the third larval instar, although second and fourth instars were also recovered in field-collected samples. First-instar larvae and eggs were not recovered from winter samples. This species does not appear to undergo a true diapause.

Variation in life-history traits of Plasmodium mexicanum, a malaria parasite infecting western fence lizards: a longitudinal study

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1230-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Infected Host ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
History Of

The life history of malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.) is directly related to their transmission, virulence, and population dynamics. I followed the life history of Plasmodium mexicanum in naturally infected western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) over a 4-year period, using a mark-recapture technique. The life-history traits measured included peak parasitemias and population growth rates of asexual forms, gametocytes, and total parasites. Among malaria infections, variation was high for all measured traits. Growth rates varied up to 11-fold, and among stable infections, average asexual parasitemias ranged from 0.2 to 13.2 and gametocytemias from 0.5 to 66.2 parasites per 1000 erythrocytes. This variation was not related to infection prevalences, which were similar among years and between male and female hosts. Host age and gender were not related to peak parasitemia or average growth rate of asexual forms. However, the growth rate of gametoctyes was higher in older lizards. Gametocytemia and parasitemia were significantly higher late in the warm season, when sand-fly vectors are active. These data reveal that life-history traits of P. mexicanum are highly variable within an infected host population, and that the variation is partially related to the age of the infected host or the time of year the host was examined.

Life History of Choristoneura lambertiana subretiniana Obraztsov (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Attacking Lodgepole Pine

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 684-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Stark ◽  
J. H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
First Instar ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe life history of a tortricid cone moth Choristoneura lambertiana subretiniana Obraztsov in California is described. The larvae feed primarily on staminatc flowers and cones of lodgepole pine although some needle- and tip-mining occurs. The only other recorded host is ponderosa pine.Eggs are deposited in late July to early August; first-instar larvae migrate from the needles to protected locations on the branches and spin hibernacula. The larvae overwinter predominantly as second-instar larvae in the hibernaculum. They emerge from the hibernacula in April, and mature in four to six weeks. There are six larval instars. The pupal period lasts approximately two weeks; adult emergence begins in mid-July and extends through the end of August.

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