LIFE HISTORY AND BEHAVIOR OF PODISUS MODESTUS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) IN BOREAL FOREST IN QUEBEC

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Tostowaryk
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Logistic Curve ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
First Instar ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPodisus modestus (Dallas) has one generation per year in the boreal forest of Quebec. Adults hibernate in the litter and soil from mid-autumn to late spring. Overwintered adults were found in the field until the latter part of August. Adults mated shortly after emergence from hibernation. Females mated an average of three times during the summer; the maintenance of a supply of highly fertile eggs apparently required this periodic mating. Young adults, which emerge from August to October, neither mated nor laid eggs before hibernation.The preoviposition period after first mating was 10 to 19 days. Females laid an average of 7.9 egg masses (average of 16.7 eggs per mass) at intervals of 1 to 25 days on jack pine, and on Kalmia and Vaccinium spp.Eighty per cent of the eggs hatched successfully after a mean incubation period of 15.3 days; 12% did not develop while 8% developed and were destroyed, during hatching, by other first-instar nymphs in the brood. Maturing nymphs spent an average of 7.7, 7.7, 7.8, 11.9, and 23.8 days in each of the five respective stadia, and required 59 days from hatching to adult emergence. A logistic curve describes the relationship between developmental time and temperature. First-instar nymphs required no animal food, but during each of the last four instars animal food was required for maturation. The hunting and feeding behavior, food consumption, abundance and mortality of P. modestus are also described.

scholarly journals Effect of Habitat Type on Parasitism ofEctatomma ruidumby Eucharitid Wasps

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aymer Andrés Vásquez-Ordóñez ◽  
Inge Armbrecht ◽  
Gabriela Pérez-Lachaud
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Type ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Ectatomma Ruidum ◽  
Host Parasite Relationship ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Relationship

Eucharitidae are parasitoids that use immature stages of ants for their development.KapalaCameron is the genus most frequently collected in the Neotropics, but little is known about the biology and behavior of any of the species of this genus. We aimed to evaluate the effect of habitat type on eucharitid parasitism and to contribute to the knowledge of the host-parasite relationship betweenKapalasp. and the poneromorph antEctatomma ruidum(Roger) in Colombia. TwentyE. ruidumcolonies were extracted from two different habitat types (woodland and grassland), and larvae and cocoons (pupae) were examined in search for parasitoids in different stages of development. Globally, 60% of the colonies were parasitized, with 1.3% of larvae and 4% of pupae parasitized. Planidia (first-instar larvae), pupae, and adults of the parasitoid were observed. All of the pupae and adult parasitoids belonged toKapala iridicolorCameron. All the colonies collected in the woodlands were parasitized and contained more parasitized larvae (2%) and parasitized cocoons (8%) than those collected in grasslands (4/12 parasitized colonies, 0.5% parasitized larvae, 0.8% parasitized cocoons). The relationship observed between habitat type and parasitism prevalence is a novel aspect of the study of eucharitid impact on ant host populations.

Growth and development of larvae and adults of Tipula sacra Alexander (Insecta: Diptera) in a series of abandoned beaver ponds

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Beaver Ponds ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Two Peaks

Collections of all stages of the crane fly, Tipula sacra have been made over a period of years from a series of abandoned beaver ponds in the Kananaskis Valley, Alberta. The growth of larvae was followed by head-capsule measurements and weights. Eggs hatch within a month; first-instar larvae grow rapidly and enter the second instar after a few weeks. The second instar may last for 3 months and the third instar usually lasts for 6 months, including the first winter. Most larvae spend almost a full year in the fourth instar and overwinter for a second time. However, there was much variation in growth rate within the population. Adult emergence curves were consistent in form in 4 years. Each spanned a period of just over 2 months, although individual adults lived for only a few days. These curves snowed two peaks, the second of which contained 15–20% of the year's emergents. These two groups may represent different cohorts that have grown at different rates, suggesting that the life history may be semivoltine or univoltine. The sex ratio changes from about 1:1 in the third instar to 2:1 in favor of males in the late fourth instar, pupa, and adult.

LIFE HISTORY AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF PRISTHESANCUS PAPUENSIS (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shepard ◽  
R. E. McWhorter ◽  
E. W. King
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Life History ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Single Mating

AbstractA reduviid predator, Pristhesancus papuensis Stål, was introduced into South. Carolina from Australia in 1979. Its life history is described. Under laboratory conditions, the average number of eggs per mass was 80. Mean incubation time was 15.6 days at 27 °C. Females deposited an average of 568 eggs in 7.7 masses during their adult lifespan of 124 days. Average male longevity was significantly less (93 days) than that of females (124 days). A preoviposition period of 33.5 days was required, and a single mating was sufficient to insure fertilization during the egg-laying period. Developmental time was determined for each immature stage at 27 °C. Five immature stages and adults are described and illustrated.

THE BIOLOGY OF PODISUS SERIEVENTRIS UHLER, IN CAPE BRETON, NOVA SCOTIA

1933 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Prebble
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
First Instar ◽  
History Of ◽  
June July

The biology of Podisus serieventris Uhler, and its role in an outbreak of the black-headed budworm, Peronea variana Fernald, in Cape Breton, N.S., are described from studies carried on in 1930 and 1931. There is but one complete generation of Podisus a year, and adults of both sexes hibernate. The eggs are laid in late June, July and early August, the incubation period ranging between 10 and 15 days. There are five nymphal stages, requiring about 45 days, on the average, for the attainment of the adult condition. In these respects particularly, the life history of Podisus serieventris in Cape Breton differs from its life history in Massachusetts, where four nymphal stages and three annual generations and the hibernation of females only, have been reported.The species conforms satisfactorily to Dyar's Law, the average growth ratio of individuals studied in 1931 being about 1.28. The first-stage nymphs feed on unhatched eggs of their own species, and upon the juices of coniferous and deciduous foliage, but were not induced to feed upon small caterpillars. Nymphs were able to complete the first instar on a purely vegetable diet, but died before the second moult when the same diet was continued. Older nymphs, fed for some time on animal food, were not able to attain the adult condition when supplied with plant food alone. This indicates the dependence of the species upon animal food; the food consumption of the various stages is briefly summarized. Evidence is presented which suggests the utilization, by Podisus, of a toxic secretion in overcoming their prey.The rather limited value of Podisus as a control factor in the outbreak of Peronea variana in 1930 and 1931 is described. The decline of the Peronea population in 1931 caused a corresponding mortality in the Podisus population, by starvation.

scholarly journals Nymph and adult biology and seasonal abundance of Loxa deducta (Walker) on privet, Ligustrum lucidum

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio R. Panizzi ◽  
Ana P. M. Mourão ◽  
Émerson D. M. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
Preoviposition Period

Laboratory and field studies indicated that privet, Ligustrum lucidum (Oleaceae), is an important host plant of the neotropical stink bug, Loxa deducta (Walker) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in northern Paraná state. Survivorship of nymphs was high (82.9%) when fed immature fruits of privet. Nymph developmental time (from the 2nd stadium to adult) lasted <FONT FACE=Symbol>»</FONT> 49 d. At adult emergence, females attained greater (199.5 mg) fresh body weight than males (180.0 mg). Survivorship of adult L. deducta decreased gradually with time. Mean total longevity was <FONT FACE=Symbol>»</FONT> 62 d for females and <FONT FACE=Symbol>»</FONT> 55 d for males. Of 30 females observed, 25 (83.3%) oviposited when fed fruits of privet. The preoviposition period was 13.9 (± 0.51) d; fecundity was 17.8 (± 1.60) egg masses/female, and 236.0 (± 21.98) eggs/female; egg hatchability was 65.0 (± 6.48)%. Considering the total period of 4-wks, the percentage increase in fresh body weight was <FONT FACE=Symbol>»</FONT> 70% for females, and <FONT FACE=Symbol>»</FONT> 45% for males. During summer months (December to February), relatively low numbers of insects were collected on privet. During March, nymph and adult populations increased reaching a peak during April, and decreasing in May at the end of autumn. This tendency continued throughout winter (June-July-August), reaching almost zero in September at the beginning of spring, and increasing somewhat again in October-November.

scholarly journals Effects of larval diet on the life-history traits and phenotypic expression of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Marie Sovegnon ◽  
Marie Joelle Fanou ◽  
Romaric Akoton ◽  
Oswald Yédjinnavênan Djihinto ◽  
Hamirath Odée Lagnika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Permanet 3.0

The success achieved in reducing malaria transmission by vector control is threatened by insecticide resistance. To strengthen the current vector control programmes, the non-genetic factors underlying the emergence of insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors and its widespread need to be explored. This study aimed to assess the effects of larval diet on some life-history traits and pyrethroid-insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae s.s. Three (3) An. gambiae strains, namely Kisumu (insecticide susceptible), AcerKis (homozygous ace-1 R G119S resistant) and KisKdr (homozygous kdr R L1014F resistant) were fed with three different diets (low, medium, and high) of TetraMin ® Baby fish food. Pre-imaginal developmental time, larval mortality, adult emergence rate and female wing length were measured. Mosquito females were exposed to insecticide-treated net (ITN) PermaNet 2.0 and PermaNet 3.0. In the three An. gambiae strains, significant differences in adult emergence rates ( F = 1054.2; df = 2; p <0.01), mosquito wing length ( F = 970.5; df = 2; p <0.01) and adult survival post insecticide exposure ( χ2 = 173; df = 2; p <0.01), were noticed among the three larval diets. Larvae fed with the low food diets took more time to develop, were smaller at emergence and displayed a short lifespan, while the specimens fed with a high regime developed faster and into big adults. Although being fed with a high diet, none of An. gambiae strain harbouring the kdr R and ace-1 R allele survived 24 hours after exposure against PermaNet 3.0. This study showed that variation in the larval diet significantly impacts An. gambiae life-history traits such as larval mortality and developmental time, adult wing length, and female susceptibility to pyrethroid insecticides. Further investigations through field-based studies would allow an in-depth understanding of the implications of these non-genetic parameters on the physiological traits of malaria vectors and consequently improve resistance management.

LIFE HISTORY AND BIOLOGY OF EINFELDIA SYNCHRONA (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1597-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. V. Danks
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
First Instar

AbstractEinfeldia synchrona Oliver is univoltine in a small, shallow, highly eutrophic pond near Ottawa (45°N.). Adult emergence is synchronized with slight protandry in May, and from this small pond exceeded 145,000 individuals in 1970. Emergence is inhibited experimentally at short photoperiods. More than one egg mass is produced, during a period of several days following emergence. First instar larvae, which lack ventral tubules, are at first pelagic but build cases before moulting. The remaining three larval instars possess 1 pair of ventral tubules. Larvae show a preference for central areas of the pond over 40 cm deep, and show some mobility in response to seasonal depth changes. There are arrests in the development of larvae both in winter and during summer, with cessation of feeding, penetration into the mud, and construction in winter of special sealed cocoons. Marked year to year differences in the stage reached by winter, and in the larval population level, were detected. Many of these biological features are probably widespread in Chironomini and hence of some importance in the interpretation of studies of the bottom fauna.

BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF CHORISTONEURA LAMBERTIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ON LODGEPOLE PINE IN SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO AND WESTERN MONTANA

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1201-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sugar Pine ◽  
Insect Oviposition

AbstractThe sugar pine tortrix heavily defoliated the current season’s needles on lodgepole pine during 1965–66 in southeastern Idaho, and during 1967–68 in western Montana. A brief description of the life stages, damage, and observations on the life history and habits are presented. Choristoneura lambertiana (Busck) is a univoltine insect; oviposition and eclosion occur in late July and early August; first instar larvae spin hibernacula and overwinter in bark cracks, under bark scales, and in other protected locations on the tree and emerge in late May and June. Larvae complete development in approximately 6 weeks, and pupate in July. Adults emerge from about mid-July through early August. Mating and oviposition occur within a few days after adult emergence. Five larval stadia are proposed. Sixteen species of parasites were reared from eggs, larvae, and pupae. One predator was observed feeding on larvae in the field.

Life-history and larviparous reproduction of musca fergusoni J. & B. (Diptera, Muscidae)

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ferrar
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Genital Aperture ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
Single Larva

AbstractMusca fergusoni J. & B. is an indigenous Australian fly that infests livestock, feeding on sweat and other body secretions and breeding in cow and horse dung. The fly is larviparous, developing a single larva at a time and depositing it at the end of the first instar. The ovaries comprise two ovarioles each, and the single ovulations alternate between ovaries and between ovarioles within an ovary. Abnormalities of development shown by unfertilised females are described, including the accumulation of fluid around unhatched eggs in the uterus which suggests that there is intrauterine secretion of nourishment for the larva. Descriptions are given of the immature stages. The egg is adapted for life in utero by having the respiratory plastron confined to the posterior end, oriented towards the genital aperture of the mother. The puparium is whitish, and is hardened by calcification instead of tanning. The durations of development at 16, 20, 27 and 32°C are given: from larval deposition to moult to third instar takes 58, 38, 19 and 15 h, respectively; from larval deposition to pupariation 11·5, 7·5, 3·5–4 and 3–3·5 days, respectively; and from larval deposition to adult emergence 53–57, 31–33, 15·5–16·5, and 10–11 days, respectively.

The transgenerational consequences of maternal parasitism for aphid life history and suitability for subsequent parasitism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
A. Rasekh ◽  
M. R. Shahbazi-Gahrouhi ◽  
J. P. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Hind Tibia ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Fecundity Compensation ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Aphids parasitized in later instars can give birth to several nymphs before their reproduction is curtailed by the developing parasitoid. We examined the life histories of Aphis fabae Scopoli born to mothers parasitized by Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall, and their suitability as subsequent hosts, to test the ‘fecundity compensation’ hypothesis. Maternal parasitism negatively impacted life history parameters, resulting in reduced estimates of population increase (rm, R0, and λ), and increased generation time (GT) and doubling time (DT). These impacts were greater when the larva developing in the mother turned out to be female rather than male, and greater still when mothers were superparasitized. Maternal parasitism produced aphids with shorter hind tibia (HTL), at birth and at maturity, but their developmental time was unaffected. Although female L. fabarum readily accepted such aphids for oviposition, rates of mummification and wasp emergence were lower, and more so when the maternal parasitoid was female. The resulting parasitoids took longer to develop than progeny from control wasps, had shorter HTLs, lower egg loads, smaller eggs, and produced fewer mummies with lower rates of adult emergence, all differences that were more pronounced when the maternal parasitoid was female. The progeny of these wasps exhibited similar impairments to these biological parameters as their parents, demonstrating that the negative impacts of development in maternally parasitized hosts extended for at least two generations. Thus, our results do not support fecundity compensation, but suggest that any benefits of post-parasitism reproduction will be offset by reduced fitness in both aphid progeny and the parasitoids that develop in them.

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