STUDIES ON CESTODES OF THE GENUS TRIAENOPHORUS FROM FISH OF LESSER SLAVE LAKE, ALBERTA: II. THE EGGS, CORACIDIA, AND LIFE IN THE FIRST INTERMEDIATE HOST OF TRIAENOPHORUS CRASSUS FOREL AND T. NODULOSUS (PALLAS)

1943 ◽  
Vol 21d (9) ◽  
pp. 284-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
First Intermediate Host

The eggs of Triaenophorus crassus vary from 53 to 68 μ long by 38 to 44 μ in diameter. Those of T. nodulosus are practically the same ranging from 58 to 67 μ long by 38 to 44 μ in diameter. Movement of the embryo within the egg is discernible two days before hatching. The eggs of one individual hatch over a period of eight to 10 days.The coracidia of T. crassus are from 67 to 80 μ long by 49 to 58 μ wide and of T. nodulosus from 67 to 85 μ long by 58 to 80 μ in diameter. The coracidia live for two or three days and are free swimming for most of this time.The first intermediate host of both species in Lesser Slave Lake is Cyclops bicuspidatus Claus; the coracidia of both species will also infect Diaptomus ashlandi Marsh, but fail to develop in this copepod. The procercoids develop in the body cavity of the Cyclops in eight to 10 days after their entry; both species attain in this time an average length of 300 μ. Where a large number of procercoids occurs simultaneously in one Cyclops the growth rate is slower and the maximum size attained is less.

Life cycles of species of Proteocephalus, parasites of fishes in the Palearctic Region: a review

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Palearctic Region ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
Planktonic Crustaceans ◽  
Fish Hosts

The life cycles of species of Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea) parasitizing fishes in the Palearctic Region are reviewed on the basis of literary data and personal experimental observations, with special attention being paid to the development within the intermediate and definitive hosts. Planktonic crustaceans, diaptomid or cyclopid copepods (Copepoda), serve as the only intermediate hosts of all Proteocephalus species considered. A metacestode, or procercoid, develops in the body cavity of these planktonic crustaceans and the definitive host, a fish, becomes infected directly after consuming them. No previous reports of the parenteral location of metacestodes within the second intermediate host as it is in the Nearctic species P. ambloplitis have been recorded. Thus, the life cycles of Proteocephalus tapeworms resemble in their general patterns those of some pseudophyllidean cestodes such as Eubothrium or Bothriocephalus, differing from the latter in the presence of a floating eggs instead of possessing an operculate egg from which a ciliated, freely swimming larva, a coracidium, is liberated. The scolex of Proteocephalus is already formed at the stage of the procercoid within the copepod intermediate host; in this feature, proteocephalideans resemble caryophyllidean rather than pseudophyllidean cestodes. The morphology of procercoids of individual species is described with respect to the possibility of their differentiation and data on the spectrum of intermediate hosts are summarized. Procercoids of most taxa have a cercomer, which does not contain embryonic hooks in contrast to most pseudophyllidean cestodes. The role of invertebrates (alder-fly larvae — Megaloptera) and small prey fishes feeding upon plankton in the transmission of Proteocephalus tapeworms still remains unclear but these hosts are likely to occur in the life cycle. Data on the establishment of procercoids in definitive hosts, morphogenesis of tapeworms within fish hosts, and the length of the prepatent period are still scarce and new observations are needed. Whereas extensive information exists on the development of P. longicollis (syns. P. exiguus and P. neglectus), almost no data are available on the ontogeny of other taxa, in particular those occurring in brackish waters (P. gobiorum, P. tetrastomus). The morphology of P. cernuae and P. osculatus procercoids from experimentally infected intermediate hosts is described for the first time.

STUDIES ON CESTODES OF THE GENUS TRIAENOPHORUS FROM FISH OF LESSER SLAVE LAKE, ALBERTA: IV. THE LIFE OF TRIAENOPHORUS CRASSUS FOREL IN THE SECOND INTERMEDIATE HOST

1945 ◽  
Vol 23d (4) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Pyloric Caeca ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
Second Intermediate Host

The plerocercoids of Triaenophorus crassus encyst normally in the flesh of fishes of the genus Leucichthys; the whitefishes, Coregonus clupeaformis and Prosopium oregonium, are common alternative hosts in Lesser Slave Lake. Elsewhere lake trout, Cristivomer namaycush, and possibly the inconnu, Stenodus leucichthys, may occasionally serve as hosts.The procercoids arrive in the stomach of their second intermediate host while in the body cavity of Cyclops bicuspidatus. When they are liberated by digestion, the majority apparently enter pyloric caeca, penetrate these, cross the body cavity, and enter the flesh, where encystment as the plerocercoid takes place. The evidence for these movements is only partial. The plerocercoids encyst in the flesh in July each year. They remain three or four years and then disappear by drying up or being reduced to small calcareous nodules.The number of plerocercoids per fish increases with the age of the fish up to five or six years.

Studies on the life-cycle of Himasthla militaris(Trematoda: Echinostomatidae)

Parasitology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vanoverschelde ◽  
F. Vaes
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Exogenous Factor ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
Anterior Segments ◽  
External Migration ◽  
First Intermediate Host ◽  
Cercarial Emergence

SUMMARYIn this study two aspects of the biology of the cercaria of Himasthla militaris were examined. Firstly, the cercarial emergence from the first intermediate host, Hydrobia stagnorum, was studied. On a 9 h light (9L)/15 h dark (15D) schedule cercariae of Himasthla militaris emerged from naturally infected Hydrobia stagnorum predominantly during darkness. Inversion of the photo-period resulted in an immediate reversal of the emergence pattern. A comparison between the cercarial release patterns under natural conditions and in a constant light/temperature environment showed that an endogenous as well as an exogenous factor is controlling this process. Secondly, the penetration of the cercaria in Nereis diversicolor and the site-finding of the larva within this second intermediate host was investigated. After a short external migration on the body of N. diversicolor the cercaria enters the polychaete via the anus opening, perforates the gut-wall and moves through the coelom to the anterior segments to encyst in the muscle tissue. This internal migration results in a specific distribution pattern of the metacercariae, with more than 50% of the cysts localized in the first 12 segments and a maximum in segment number 9 (13·8%).

scholarly journals Angiostrongylus costaricensis and the intermediate hosts: observations on elimination of L3 in the mucus and inoculation of L1 through the tegument of mollucs

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Cristina Brandão Diniz de Oliveira Bonetti ◽  
Carlos Graeff-Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Preliminary Trial ◽  
Abdominal Disease ◽  
Complex Procedure ◽  
Kinetics Of

Human accidental infection with Angiostrongylus costaricensis may result in abdominal disease of varied severity. Slugs from the Veronicellidae family are the main intermediate hosts for this parasitic nematode of rodents. Phyllocaulis variegatus, Phyllocaulis soleiformis and Phyllocaulis boraceiensis were experimentally infected to describe the kinetics of L3 elimination in the mucus secretions of those veronicelid species. A maximum of 2 L3/g/day was found in the mucus, while the number of L3 isolated from the fibromuscular tissues varied from 14 to 448. Productive infection was established by inoculations in the hyponotum or in the body cavity, through the tegument. Intra-cavity injection is a less complex procedure and permits a better control of inocula. A preliminary trial to titrate the infective dosis for P. variegatus indicated that inocula should range between 1000 and 5000 L1. The data also confirmed the importance of P. variegatus as an intermediate host of A. costaricensis.

The reproductive biology of Ypsilothuria talismani (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirota) from the N.E. Atlantic

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Tyler ◽  
J. D. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Accessory Cells ◽  
Rockall Trough ◽  
Macroscopic Observation ◽  
Sampling Programme ◽  
Lecithotrophic Development ◽  
Maximum Development

Samples of the deep-sea holothurian Ypsilothuria talismani were collected in a time series sampling programme from April 1978 to August 1981 at a 2200 m station in the northern Rockall Trough. The gonad of Ypsilothuria talismani lies beneath the dorsal body wall and the gonad tubules ramify throughout the body cavity close to the gut. In the female, there is no synchrony of gamete development between tubules although macroscopic observation suggests oocyte development is synchronous within each tubule. Maximum fecundity at any time is less than 50 oocytes per individual. The developing oocyte grows to a maximum size of 350 μm and is lined with accessory cells. Spermato-genesis is initiated at several nodes along the tubule with maximum sperm production at the periphery of each node. As spermatogenesis proceeds more of the tubule becomes active until, at maximum development, the tubule is a long digitate structure. We have found no evidence of seasonal reproduction throughout the time series samples. From the egg size, and fecundity we infer lecithotrophic development, with a reduced larval stage, for this species.

Induced cryptorchidism in lambs: effects on growth rate, carcass and meat characteristics

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Corbett ◽  
E. P. Furnival ◽  
W. H. Southcott ◽  
R. J. Park ◽  
W. R. Shorthose
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Taste Panel ◽  
Tunica Vaginalis ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Rubber Ring ◽  
Entire Male

SUMMARYPushing the testes of lambs 1 to 2 weeks old into the body cavity and applying a rubber ring to cause atrophy of the empty scrotum, did not prevent most testes growing in a subcutaneous position. A modified technique used in a second experiment, which caused ablation of the tunica vaginalis as well as the scrotum, impeded more effectively the descent and growth of the testicles.In the two experiments growth rates of the induced cryptorchids were, respectively, 15·3% and 6·0% (non-significant) greater than those of castrated males, dressing percentages were about 2 units lower, and fat depth over the eye muscle of 13th rib chops was 2·6 compared with 2·9 mm (non-significant) and 1·9 compared with 4·1 mm. Chops from the cryptorchids had a visual appeal similar to those from castrated male and from female lambs; differences in flavour detected by taste panel had no significant effect on overall flavour acceptability.Tenderness did not differ significantly between sex groups, but age and Warner-Bratzler shear values were significantly and positively correlated as were ultimate pH of the meat and age at slaughter. Cryptorchidism induced by the modified technique probably permits the production of heavier carcasses with lower fat cover than on castrated males and avoids practical disadvantages that may be encountered in raising entire male lambs.

Aspects of in vivo growth of the plerocercoid stage of Schistocephalus solidus

Parasitology ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Meakins ◽  
M. Walkey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Parasite Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Schistocephalus Solidus ◽  
Surgical Implantation ◽  
In Vivo Growth

1. The in vivo growth of Schistocephalus solidus plerocercoids was investigated by surgical implantation of worms into the body cavity of uninfected, recipient sticklebacks. 2. Burdens of one, two and five worms were used. 3. Results show a reduction in parasite growth with both increasing size and increasing numbers of parasites. 4. Reasons for the decrease in growth rate of multiple burdens are discussed and reference is made to the significance of burden size in completion of the life-cycle under natural conditions.

On the Excretory System and Life History of Lecithodendrium chilostomum (Mehl.) and other Bat Trematodes, with a Note on the Life History of Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Rudolphi)

Parasitology ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excretory System ◽  
Dicrocoelium Dendriticum ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Intermediate Host

1. The life history of Lecithodendrium chilostomum has been established; C. Lecithodendrii chilostomi penetrates a second intermediate host, the larva of Phryganea grandis, and unlike other stylet cercariae does not encyst, but feeds and grows in the host tissue as a mobile metacercaria. During pupation of the host in the following year these mobile forms migrate from the abdominal segments of the larva to the thorax, where they then encyst in the thoracic muscles in which they are also found in the imago. The largest metacercariae and the excysted worms are typical early adult Lecithodendrium chilostomum. No case of progenesis in the metacercaria was found.2. It is estimated that the maximum swarming of the cercariae probably occurs during July, when first penetration of the intermediate host takes place. Subsequent diminished swarming and penetration proceed until November. The life of the larval trematode as a mobile metacercaria is approximately 8 months; the imagines of Phryganea grandis emerge during May and June, the infective period for the final host.3. The metacercariae are not distributed throughout the body cavity of their larval host, but the majority are confined to the three posterior segments.4. Limnophilus rhombicus may also serve as a second intermediate host, but the infection is very light and the metacercariae do not encyst during pupation of this host.5. The excretory system has been determined in all stages of Lecithodendrium chilostomum; it is of the 2 (6 × 2) type. The occurrence of this type of system in other groups of cercariae is reviewed and since it is found in several widely separated families, it is suggested that its presence does not necessarily imply relationship, but is due to convergence.6. The life histories of the following bat trematodes are indicated: Lecitho-dendrium lagena, Plagiorchis vespertilionis and Crepidostomum moeticus.7. The life history of Dicrocoelium dendriticum is discussed.

The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché, 1835) as an intermediate host for cestodes

Parasitology ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian G. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Ctenocephalides Felis ◽  
Basic Sequence ◽  
Cat Flea ◽  
Ctenocephalides Felis Felis ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum ◽  
Adult Flea

The growth and development of Dipylidium caninum, Hymenolepis citelli, H. diminuta, H. microstoma, and H. nana were examined in Ctenocephalides felis, and the Hymenolepis species further examined in the reference host Tribolium confusum. This is the first recorded infection of C. felis with these four species of Hymenolepis and also of a flea with H. citelli.Growth and development of the four species of Hymenolepis were comparable in C. felis and T. confusum. Observations relative to scolex formation indicated that perhaps only one basic sequence occurs in the genus Hymenolepis.Growth and metamorphosis of the flea host had no important effects upon Hymenolepis development. However, presumably owing to greater crowding in C. felis than in T. confusum, an increased amount of retarded development was noted in cestodes from fleas. In contrast, the growth and metamorphosis of the flea host did affect the development of D. caninum. Little growth occurred in larval fleas but with the onset of pupation an increased growth rate was initiated, the cestode reaching almost its maximum size prior to the emergence of the adult flea. Cysticercoid differentiation and maturation mostly occurred within the adult.

scholarly journals FIRST INTERMEDIATE HOST ALARIA ALATA (TREMATODA, STRIGEIDIDA) IN THE NATURAL CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 337-340
Author(s):  
B. Romashov ◽  
N. Romashova
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excretory System ◽  
Front Part ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Alaria Alata ◽  
First Intermediate Host

Currently, an increase has been noted in the number of cases of dogs infected with Alaria alata (Trematoda, Srigeidida) in the Central Black Earth Region (Voronezh and Lipetsk Regions). However, individual links are not known, primarily, the first intermediate host involved in the life cycle and circulation of A. alata in natural conditions. New data were obtained on the implementation of the life cycle of A. alata on the study territory. The mollusk Planorbis planorbis was registered as the first intermediate host 1.5% (8 specimens) were identified as infected with parthenita A. alata among the studied mollusk Planorbis (527 specimens). Cercariae were investigated by micromorphological methods, and the comparative analysis allows them to be classified as A. alata. The cercariae belong to the group of furcocercous cercaria Furcocercaria, the tail stem at the distal end forms a furca. The tail stem has 14 pairs of short hairs. The tail rami have small spinelets and carry three pairs of short hairs. When the excretory system was studied, a transverse commissure was not detected. Unpigmented eyes are located in the front part of the body at the edge. Alariosis circulates as a natural focal parasitosis in the Central Black Earth Region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document