THE EFFECT OF LEAF RUST OF BARLEY ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF BARLEY VARIETIES

1945 ◽  
Vol 23c (6) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Newton ◽  
B. Peturson ◽  
W. O. S. Meredith
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Yield And Quality

An experiment was carried out to test the effect of leaf rust of barley (Puccinia anomala Rostr.) on the yield, grade, and malting quality of the six barley varieties, O.A.C. 21, Mensury, Chevron, Peatland, Regal, and Plush. Leaf rust reduced the grade of O.A.C. 21 and Mensury by one commercial grade, and caused statistically significant reductions in the yield, bushel weight, and kernel weight of all the varieties tested except Mensury. It adversely affected the value of all the varieties for malting purposes by reducing the percentage of heavy-grade kernels. The nitrogen content and the wort nitrogen content were reduced by leaf rust, but the malt extract and diastatic powers were not greatly affected. Differentia¡ responses of the varieties to rust infection were observed in yield, kernel weight, bushel weight, and malt properties.

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF LEAF RUST ON THE YIELD, GRADE, AND QUALITY OF WHEAT

1948 ◽  
Vol 26c (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Peturson ◽  
Margaret Newton ◽  
A. G. O. Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Heavy Infection ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Percentage Protein

Experiments were carried out at Winnipeg in 1944, 1945, and 1946 to ascertain the effects of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Erikss.) on the yield, grade, and quality of wheat. Infection in the rusted plots ranged from 22% on some varieties to 87% on others. In these tests, reductions of as much as 26% in yield of straw 40% in yield of seed, 27% in kernel weight, and 3.5 lb. in bushel weight were caused by infections ranging from 78% to 87%. Lighter infection caused smaller but important reductions. Heavy infection generally reduced grades by one commercial grade while light to moderate infection caused no grade reduction. With but one exception, leaf rust decreased the percentage protein content of the seed, although in the majority of cases it increased baking strength as measured by loaf volume. The carotinoid content of the seed was invariably increased by leaf-rust infection.

THE EFFECT OF LEAF RUST ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF THATCHER AND RENOWN WHEAT IN 1938

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (11) ◽  
pp. 380-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Peturson ◽  
Margaret Newton
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Yield And Quality

A study was made at Winnipeg in 1938 to determine the effect of leaf rust on the yield and quality of Thatcher and Renown wheat. In one experiment, Thatcher and Renown were sown late in 1/400-acre plots; in another, Thatcher only was used and was sown early in rod-row plots. Half the plots of each variety were kept as free from leaf rust as possible by frequent applications of sulphur dust, but the remaining half became heavily infected. In the 1/400-acre plots, leaf rust reduced the yield of Thatcher and Renown by 51.17 and 29.61%, respectively; in the rod-row plots of Thatcher, it reduced the yield by 37.02%. The decrease in yield was due more to reduction in kernel weight than to reduction in number of kernels per head. All the non-dusted plots ripened approximately three days earlier than the dusted, and the grain from them graded one grade lower than that from the corresponding dusted plots. In both varieties, the protein content was diminished while the carotene content was increased.

THE EFFECT OF LEAF RUST ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF WHEAT

1945 ◽  
Vol 23c (4) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Peturson ◽  
Margaret Newton ◽  
A. G. O. Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Yellow Pigment Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Flour Yield ◽  
One Year ◽  
Weight Number

In field experiments carried out at Winnipeg, heavy artificially-induced infection of leaf rust of wheat reduced the yield, bushel weight, kernel weight, number of kernels per head, and percentage of flour yield of the varieties Thatcher, Apex, Renown, and Regent. The infection increased the yellow pigment content of the flour of all these four varieties but, apart from a reduction in flour yield, had no other adverse effect on the milling and baking quality of the grain. In fact, the flour milled from the rusted samples was superior in baking strength to the flour milled from the non-rusted samples. Under field conditions, the rust had a variable effect on the percentage of protein of the grain. In one year it increased the percentage of protein of the seed, but in two other years it decreased the percentage of protein. Under greenhouse conditions, in two different years, leaf rust on Thatcher wheat reduced the yield of seed, number of kernels per head, number of fertile tillers, and yield of straw, but increased the protein content of the seed, leaves, and straw.

Responses of grain growth and malting quality of barley to short periods of high temperature in field studies using portable chambers

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Savin ◽  
PJ Stone ◽  
ME Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Although environmental conditions during grain filling are often cited as the reason for decreases in malting quality of barley, little is actually known about the specific effects of different environmental conditions on grain yield and quality of barley. In the present study, an attempt was made to assess in the field the effects of short periods of high temperature (>35�C), using portable chambers with thermostatically controlled electric heaters, on grain yield and quality of barley. Two experiments were carried out in 2 consecutive years, involving the malting barley cultivars Schooner (first year) and Parwan (second year). The treatments were (i) control (no chamber, no heating) during the whole grain-filling period, (ii) plots with chambers heated to ca. 40�C for 6 h per day over 5 days starting 17 days after anthesis, and (iii) plots with non-heated chambers for 5 days from 17 days after anthesis. High temperature treatments reduced individual grain weight by 14% in Schooner and 25% in Parwan. There was a reduction in starch content and an increase in nitrogen content in the heat treatments compared to the control, but the G-glucan content was similar to the control. The resulting malt extract was reduced from 79 to 73% in Schooner and from 68.4 to 66.2% in Parwan in ,the heat stress treatment. The starch granule size distribution was also measured. Results indicate that decreases in grain dry matter were due to reductions in number rather than size of starch granules. It is concluded that high temperature reduced the amount of 'maltable' grain by reducing grain size and increasing the screening percentage, and also reduced malt extract by 3-7%, which represents a large decrease for the malting industry.

scholarly journals Breeding Malting Barley under Stress Conditions in South America

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Germán S
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
South America ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Early Maturity

The annual average area sown with barley (Hordeum vulgare) in South America during 1999–2003 was 795 000 ha. In Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay, two-rowed spring cultivars are used mostly for malt production. Research has been developed in private malting companies and official institutions supported by the industry. In Argentina, tolerance to drought and heat stress during grain filling are important in drier areas. Yield and malt extract had been improved in cultivars released from 1940 to 1998. In Brazil, progress in grain yield, grain size, malting quality, early maturity, and resistance to net blotch, powdery mildew, and leaf rust has been achieved by EMBRAPA and malting companies. Higher tolerance to soil acidity and resistance to spot blotch are required. Since 1976, malting barley breeding in INIA-Chile has improved grain yield, grain size, beer production efficiency, and resistance to scald, net blotch, stripe rust, and leaf rust. Uruguay produces high quality malt exported mainly to Brazil. Malting companies have released locally bred and introduced cultivars since the early 1970’s. Initiated in 1988, INIA-Uruguay breeding program has improved yield, malting quality, and lodging and disease resistance. Fusarium head blight is a new challenge for research in Brazil and Uruguay. Information regarding malting barley production, the most important stresses in different areas of production, and breeding progress under South American conditions is provided.  

EFFECT OF SPECKLED LEAF BLOTCH, SEPTORIA PASSERINII SACC., ON THE YIELD AND MALTING QUALITY OF BARLEY

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Green ◽  
V. M. Bendelow
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Field Plots

In 2 out of 5 years artificial inoculation of barley in field plots at Winnipeg, Manitoba, with speckled leaf blotch (Septoria passerinii Sacc.) caused statistically significant yield reductions of about 20 per cent. In 2 other years, inoculated plots yielded less than the check plots but the differences were not statistically significant. Tests on the malting quality of the grain from diseased and check plots of the last trial showed that the disease adversely affected the suitability of the barley for malting. Kernel shrinkage caused by the disease increased cleaning losses and reduced the amount of malt extract.

EFFECT OF PASMO DISEASE OF FLAX ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF LINSEED OIL

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Sackston ◽  
R. B. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Effect On Yield

Heavy infections of pasmo significantly reduced the oil content of flaxseed and the iodine number of the oil. The effects of pasmo infection on oil content and iodine number of the oil were similar to those caused by a hot, dry climate. Oil content was affected similarly by pasmo infection and by flax rust infection, but the two diseases had dissimilar effects on iodine number of the oil. Greatest reductions in oil content and iodine number resulted from pasmo inoculations made when the flax plants were flowering. Inoculations made when the seed was ripening had little or no effect on yield and quality of linseed oil.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBLE ENERGY OF BARLEY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. BHATTY ◽  
J. D. BERDAHL ◽  
G. I. CHRISTISON
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Starch Composition ◽  
High Amylose

Digestibility of energy (D) and digestible energy (DE) content of 16 cultivars and lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare and H. distichum) were determined by mouse-feeding and related to 1,000-kernel weight (KW), plumpness (seed size), hull, protein, lysine, starch, amylose and gross energy (GE) of the cultivars. The experimental design allowed paired comparisons to be made of D and DE between the hulled vs. hulless types, small vs. large-seeded, normal vs. high lysine, low vs. high amylose, and good vs. poor malting quality of the cultivars. The data obtained showed that KW, plumpness and lysine contents of barley had little effect on D and DE. Although four cultivar pairs (II, III, IV, and VIII) had variable starch composition, only in pair IV did high amylose content reduce D. The data appeared to suggest that good malting quality in barley is not incompatible with high D and DE as determined by mouse-feeding. The hull content of the cultivars had a major influence both on D and DE. The mean D and DE values for the six hulless cultivars were 85.7% and 3,918 kcal/kg compared with means of 79.2% and 3,627 kcal/kg for the 10 hulled cultivars.

scholarly journals Genotype × Environment × Management (G×E×M) Impacts on Grain Yield and Quality of Spring Malting Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Vladanka Stupar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Agronomic management and environment affect malting barley yield and quality. The objective of this study was to determine optimum agronomic practices (cultivar, fertilization, and seeding rate) for yield and quality of malting barley. A study was conducted during 2012–2014 in the region of Požarevac, southeastern Serbia, to evaluate the weather-dependent effect of seeding rate (S1=350, S2=450 and S3=550 seeds m–2) and nitrogen fertilization rate (N1=45, N2=75, N3=95 and N4=135 kg N ha–1) on the yield and quality of spring malting barley cultivars ('Novosadski 448', 'Novosadski 456', 'Dunavac' and 'Jadran'). Increasing seeding rate had a significantly negative effect on the quality, whereas the effect on yield was dependent upon weather during the growing season. Grain yield and grain protein content significantly increased with an increase in nitrogen rate up to 135 kg N ha–1. The optimum nitrogen rate for the average thousand-kernel weight and percentage of kernels ≥ 2.5 mm in all years was 75 kg N ha–1, and for test weight 105 kg N ha–1. Germinative energy depended on genotype and weather conditions, whereas seeding and nitrogen rates had a significant effect only during the first year. Results indicated that seeding rates above 350 seeds m–2 and nitrogen rates above 75 kg N ha–1 led to substantial grain quality deterioration in barley cultivars. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document