Reduced dermal photosensitivity in juvenile sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) reflects life-history-dependent changes in habitat and behaviour

This study tested the hypothesis that sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus L., 1758) undergo a reduction in the photosensitivity of photoreceptors in the tail after metamorphosing from burrow-dwelling, filter-feeding larval sea lampreys (ammocoetes) into open-water, parasitic juvenile phase animals that attach themselves to and feed on the blood of marine and freshwater fishes. Using a photo-illumination apparatus, ammocoetes and juvenile sea lampreys were exposed to white light at an intensity of 10 lx and the photokinetic response (time to movement) was measured in individual animals. The median latency of the response of juvenile lampreys was 5.4 times longer (i.e., slower response time) than observed in ammocoetes, and only 61% of the juvenile animals responded to the light compared with 95% of ammocoetes. It is concluded that the greater photosensitivity of tail photoreceptors in ammocoetes helps ensure that the animals are totally concealed from potential predators while burrowing. Decreased photosensitivity following metamorphosis is likely related to the transition to an open water, parasitic life style in which tail photoreception would have little selective advantage.

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Influence of body size, metabolic rate and life history stage on the uptake and excretion of the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) by invasive sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus)

Aquatic Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.10.020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 194 ◽

pp. 27-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Laura R. Tessier ◽

Tristan A.F. Long ◽

Michael P. Wilkie

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Body Size ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Petromyzon Marinus ◽

Life History Stage ◽

Sea Lampreys

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Use of Calcareous Otic Elements (Statoliths) to Determine Age of Sea Lamprey Ammocoetes (Petromyzon marinus)

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f86-088 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 718-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Eric C. Volk

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Frequency Analysis ◽

Petromyzon Marinus ◽

Age Determination ◽

Sea Lamprey ◽

Length Frequency ◽

Sea Lampreys ◽

Band Number ◽

Age Determinations ◽

Length Frequency Analysis

I examined the possibility that the number of internal bands in calcareous otic elements (statoliths) of sea lamprey ammocoetes (Petromyzon marinus) could be used to estimate age. The correspondence between statolith band number and known ammocoete age was very close for the first 4 yr but less rigorous for the few 7-yr-old specimens examined. This is the first use of calcareous otic elements to determine age in a nonteleost and represents the only direct age determination technique for lampreys. Compared with length–frequency analysis, this method will provide greater reliability of age determinations, essential for investigations on the life history and ecology of sea lampreys.

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Brain Pathways and Behavioral Responses to Weak Electric Fields in Parasitic Sea Lampreys (Petromyzon marinus).

Behavioral Neuroscience ◽

10.1037/0735-7044.118.3.611 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 118 (3) ◽

pp. 611-619 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson ◽

Sang-Seon Yun ◽

John Teeter ◽

Weiming Li

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Petromyzon Marinus ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Sea Lampreys ◽

Brain Pathways

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Sex-dependent pheromonal effects on steroid hormone levels in sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus)

General and Comparative Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113608 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 299 ◽

pp. 113608

Author(s):

Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson ◽

Ugo Bussy ◽

Skye Daniel Fissette ◽

Weiming Li

Keyword(s):

Steroid Hormone ◽

Petromyzon Marinus ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Sea Lampreys

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Classification of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Attack Marks on Great Lakes Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush)

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f80-240 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 37 (11) ◽

pp. 1989-2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Everett Louis King Jr.

Keyword(s):

Great Lakes ◽

Lake Trout ◽

Petromyzon Marinus ◽

Attachment Site ◽

Sea Lamprey ◽

Salvelinus Namaycush ◽

Oral Disc ◽

Field Assessment ◽

Sea Lampreys

Criteria for the classification of marks inflicted by sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) into nine categories were developed from laboratory studies in an attempt to refine the classification system used in field assessment work. These criteria were based on characteristics of the attachment site that could be identified under field conditions by unaided visual means and by touching the attachment site. Healing of these marks was somewhat variable and was influenced by the size of lamprey, duration of attachment, severity of the wound at lamprey detachment, season and water temperature, and by other less obvious factors. Even under laboratory conditions staging of some wounds was difficult, especially at low water temperatures. If these criteria are to be used effectively and with precision in the field, close examination of individual fish may be required. If the feeding and density of specific year-classes of sea lampreys are to be accurately assessed on an annual basis, close attention to the wound size (as it reflects the size of the lamprey's oral disc) and character of wounds on fish will be required as well as consideration of the season of the year in which they are observed.Key words: sea lamprey, attack marks, lake trout, Great Lakes

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Seasonal growth and duration of the parasitic life stage of the landlocked sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f95-122 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 1257-1264 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Roger A. Bergstedt ◽

William D. Swink

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Life Stage ◽

Petromyzon Marinus ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Sea Lamprey ◽

Gonadal Development ◽

Adult Size ◽

Sea Lampreys ◽

Mean Size ◽

Host Mortality

We used lengths and weights of 2367 live parasitic-phase sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) collected from Lake Huron, 1984–1990, to calculate their mean size at half-month intervals. Growth in weight was linear during June through September; increments averaged 11.1 g per half month. Growth increased sharply in October to several times the summer rate. We speculate that the increase in growth in October is explained partly by water temperature and partly by an increase in appetite related to the onset of gonadal development. The greater compression of biomass accumulation in autumn than has been previously demonstrated better explains the autumn pulse of sea lamprey induced host mortality. Based on the seasonal pattern of growth and on recaptures of marked sea lampreys, we conclude that landlocked individuals grow to adult size and mature in one parasitic growth year. Regressions of weight (grams) on total length (millimetres) differed significantly among months, and the season of collection must be considered in predicting weight from length.

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Distribution of lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain and pituitary gland of larval, metamorphic, and adult sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z94-008 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 48-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Glenda M. Wright ◽

Kim M. McBurney ◽

John H. Youson ◽

Stacia A. Sower

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Preoptic Area ◽

Petromyzon Marinus ◽

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽

Immunoperoxidase Technique ◽

Dorsal Region ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

Sea Lampreys ◽

The Brain

Lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone was demonstrated in the brains of larval, metamorphic, and adult sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, using an immunoperoxidase technique. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone was observed in the neurohypophysis and preoptic area of the brain of larval, metamorphic, juvenile, and prespawning adults. The occurrence of immunoreactive cells and the intensity of the immunostaining was lowest in larvae, but by stage 5 of metamorphosis there was a marked increase in the prevalence and staining of these cells, which continued into adults. In larvae and lampreys in metamorphic stages 1–4, most immunoreactive fibres were confined to the dorsal region of the neurohypophysis. During stage 5 there was an expansion of immunopositive fibres into the ventral portion of the neurohypophysis. Prominent immunoreactivity was observed throughout the neurohypophysis from stage 5 onward through the adult stages. Changes in immunoreactivity of these cells and fibres in the brain and neurohypophysis correlate well with increased concentrations of hormone in the brain during development and with the timing of presumed changes in activity of cells in the adenohypophysis during metamorphosis.

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Effect of NaCl on seed germination in some Centaurium Hill. Species (Gentianaceae)

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs0703227z ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 227-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Zivkovic ◽

M. Devic ◽

B. Filipovic ◽

Z. Giba ◽

D. Grubisic

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

White Light ◽

The Other ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Nacl Concentration ◽

History Of ◽

Species Specific

The influence of high NaCl concentrations on seed germination in both light and darkness was examined in the species Centaurium pulchellum, C. erythraea, C. littorale, C. spicatum, and C. tenuiflorum. Salt tolerance was found to depend on the life history of the seeds. To be specific, seeds of all five species failed to complete germination when exposed to continuous white light if kept all the time in the presence of 100-200 mM and greater NaCl concentrations. However, when after two weeks NaCl was rinsed from the seeds and the seeds were left in distilled water under white light for an additional two weeks, all species completed germination to a certain extent. The percent of germination not only depended on NaCl concentration in the prior medium, but was also species specific. Thus, seeds of C. pulchellum, C. erythraea, and C. littorale completed germination well almost irrespective of the salt concentration previously experienced. On the other hand, seeds of C. tenuiflorum completed germination poorly if NaCl concentrations in the prior media were greater than 200 mM. When seeds after washing were transferred to darkness for an additional 14 days, they failed to complete germination if previously imbibed on media containing NaCl concentrations greater than 400 mM. However, the seeds of all species, even if previously imbibed at 800 mM NaCl, could be induced to complete germination in darkness by 1 mM gibberellic acid. .

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