EXPERIMENTS ON THE AIR PERMEABILITY OF FOREST SOILS BY RADIUM-EMANATION METHOD

1966 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-429
Author(s):  
J. Imre
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Radium Emanation ◽  
Colloidal Properties ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Emanation Method ◽  
D Values

A radium-emanation method was developed for measuring the gas diffusion coefficient D in soils of differing structure and colloidal properties. The method was quick and simple, and could be carried out under natural, undisturbed soil conditions. Diffusion coefficients varied from 200 cm2/hour in coarse-textured soil to less than 5 cm2/hour in moderately fine-textured alkaline soil. The permeability was reduced by an increase in soil moisture, clay, and alkali content in the profile. When these factors varied with depth, the diffusion coefficient was not constant and the theoretical conditions of the method were not satisfied. Useful estimates were possible, however, when the apparent D values obtained at different depths were compared with other soil properties.

scholarly journals The influence of soil structure and air content on gas diffusion in soils.

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
J.W. Bakker ◽  
A.P. Hidding
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Storage Term ◽  
Puddled Soil

A method is described of determining the diffusion coefficient of O2 in undisturbed soil samples. Calculations were made of errors involved when neglecting the storage term, temperature and pressure variations, O2 consumption and resistance of ambient air. The diffusion coefficient (Ds) is a function of air porosity (eg) and soil structure. At values of eg below 0.2, the effect of a puddled soil surface becomes evident. In puddled soils values of Ds at equal eg are far below those in non-puddled soils and the differences increase with decreasing eg. A wet soil crust can severely limit gas exchange by diffusion. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Predicting the Gas Diffusion Coefficient in Undisturbed Soil from Soil Water Characteristics

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Moldrup ◽  
T. Olesen ◽  
P. Schjønning ◽  
T. Yamaguchi ◽  
D. E. Rolston
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Water Characteristics

Three-Porosity Model for Predicting the Gas Diffusion Coefficient in Undisturbed Soil

2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 750-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Moldrup ◽  
Torben Olesen ◽  
Seiko Yoshikawa ◽  
Toshiko Komatsu ◽  
Dennis E. Rolston
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Porosity Model

Three-Porosity Model for Predicting the Gas Diffusion Coefficient in Undisturbed Soil

2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Moldrup ◽  
Torben Olesen ◽  
Seiko Yoshikawa ◽  
Toshiko Komatsu ◽  
Dennis E. Rolston
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Porosity Model

Assessment of the soil CO2gradient method for soil CO2efflux measurements: comparison of six models in the calculation of the relative gas diffusion coefficient

Tellus B ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natchaya Pingintha ◽  
Monique Y. Leclerc ◽  
John P. Beasley ◽  
Gengsheng Zhang ◽  
Chuckree Senthong
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Gas Diffusion

scholarly journals Calcium-Enriched Animal Manure Alleviates the Adverse Effects of Salt Stress on Growth, Physiology and Nutrients Homeostasis of Zea mays L.

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Niamat ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Zulfiqar Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Yaseen ◽  
Allah Ditta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Growth Physiology

Soil salinity and sodicity are among the main problems for optimum crop production in areas where rainfall is not enough for leaching of salts out of the rooting zone. Application of organic and Ca-based amendments have the potential to increase crop yield and productivity under saline–alkaline soil environments. Based on this hypothesis, the present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of compost, Ca-based fertilizer industry waste (Ca-FW), and Ca-fortified compost (Ca-FC) to increase growth and yield of maize under saline–sodic soil conditions. Saline–sodic soil conditions with electrical conductivity (EC) levels (1.6, 5, and 10 dS m−1) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) = 15, were developed by spiking soil with a solution containing NaCl, Na2SO4, MgSO4, and CaCl2. Results showed that soil salinity and sodicity significantly reduced plant growth, yield, physiological, and nutrient uptake parameters. However, the application of Ca-FC caused a remarkable increase in the studied parameters of maize at EC levels of 1.6, 5, and 10 dS m−1 as compared to the control. In addition, Ca-FC caused the maximum decrease in Na+/K+ ratio in shoot up to 85.1%, 71.79%, and 70.37% at EC levels of 1.6, 5, and 10 dS m−1, respectively as compared to the control treatment. Moreover, nutrient uptake (NPK) was also significantly increased with the application of Ca-FC under normal as well as saline–sodic soil conditions. It is thus inferred that the application of Ca-FC could be an effective amendment to enhance growth, yield, physiology, and nutrient uptake in maize under saline–sodic soil conditions constituting the novelty of this work.

scholarly journals Investigating the influence of topographic irregularities and two-dimensional effects on surface ground motion intensity with one- and two-dimensional analyses

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1773-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ç. İnce ◽  
L. Yılmazoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Equivalent Linear ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Earthquake Response Analysis

Abstract. In this work, the surface ground motion that occurs during an earthquake in ground sections having different topographic forms has been examined with one and two dynamic site response analyses. One-dimensional analyses were undertaken using the Equivalent-Linear Earthquake Response Analysis (EERA) program based on the equivalent linear analysis principle and the Deepsoil program which is able to make both equivalent linear and nonlinear analyses and two-dimensional analyses using the Plaxis 8.2 software. The viscous damping parameters used in the dynamic site response analyses undertaken with the Plaxis 8.2 software were obtained using the DeepSoil program. In the dynamic site response analyses, the synthetic acceleration over a 475-year return period representing the earthquakes in Istanbul was used as the basis of the bedrock ground motion. The peak ground acceleration obtained different depths of soils and acceleration spectrum values have been compared. The surface topography and layer boundaries in the 5-5' cross section which cuts across the study area west to east were selected in order to examine the effect of the land topography and layer boundaries on the analysis results, and were flattened and compared with the actual status. The analysis results showed that the characteristics of the surface ground motion change in relation to the varying local soil conditions and land topography.

Research on the effective gas diffusion coefficient in dry porous media embedded with a fractal-like tree network

2013 ◽  
Vol 392 (6) ◽  
pp. 1557-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zheng ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Boming Yu
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Tree Network

Analysing the relationship of CO2 and O2 concentrations and flux patterns in forest soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Gartiser ◽  
Verena Lang ◽  
Martin Maier
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Relationship Of

<p>Soils act as bioreactors for the production and consumption of different gases. CO<sub>2</sub> is usually produced in soils due to the oxidation of organic material. Under aerobic conditions, this production is coupled to a consumption of O<sub>2</sub> resulting in concentration profiles that increase with depth for CO<sub>2</sub> and decrease for O<sub>2</sub>. Depending on the organic material present, the exchange of O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> is approximately equimolar in well aerated soils. This can be deduced from vertical gradients of both gases which should reflect the ratio of their diffusion coefficient (Massmann 1998). The ratio between the CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> flux is often called the respiratory coefficient. However, certain soil types or conditions may invoke anaerobe processes that may lead to a decoupling of CO<sub>2</sub> production and O<sub>2</sub> consumption. Such a decoupling can also result from oxidation of minerals or dissolution and relocation of carbonates.</p><p>Here we present long-term data of soil CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> concentrations from forest sites in South West Germany. Gas samples were collected passively starting 1998 until now using permanently installed gas wells at different depths. The samples were then analysed using gas chromatography for CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> (and additionally N<sub>2</sub>, Ar, N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>, and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>).</p><p>CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> fluxes were calculated using the gradient approach (Maier et al 2020). At sites with well aerated soils, the observed CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> fluxes followed a clear linear relationship, with high effluxes of CO<sub>2</sub> corresponding to high influxes of O<sub>2</sub>. The exchange was furthermore approximately equimolar with the calculated fluxes following a -1:1 trend.</p><p>We will compare these data from well aerated soils to concentration data of CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> from less well-aerated soils with temporally suboxic conditions to further analyse the respiratory coefficient under oxygen limited conditions. Furthermore, diffusion-coefficient-normalised gradients are calculated to obtain information about the stoichiometry of the production and consumption patterns involved.</p><p> </p><p><em>Literature:</em></p><p><em>Maier M, Gartiser V, Schengel A, Lang V. Long Term Soil Gas Monitoring as Tool to Understand Soil Processes. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10(23):8653.</em></p><p><em>Massman, W J. A review of the molecular diffusivities of H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO, O<sub>3</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, NO, and NO<sub>2</sub> in air, O<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> near STP. Atmospheric Environment 1998; 32(6), 1111–1127</em></p><p> </p>

Impact of salicylic acid and nitric oxide on improving growth and nutrients uptake of rose in alkaline soil conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-681
Author(s):  
Mehri Moazam Babasheikhali ◽  
Zohreh Jabbarzadeh ◽  
Jafar Amiri ◽  
Mohsen Barin
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Nutrients Uptake
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