The anatomy and interpretation of an Archean volcaniclastic sequence, Noranda region, Quebec

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 874-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normand Tassé ◽  
Jean Lajoie ◽  
Erich Dimroth
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Pyroclastic Rocks ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Vertical Variations ◽  
Bed Thickness

Archean pyroclastic rocks at Reneault and D'Alembert in the Noranda region are composed of crystals and lithic, vitric and pumiceous fragments. The pyroclastic rocks contain two types of beds, whose primary structure sequences and other characteristics show that the deposits accumulated from different types of density flows. The first bed-type (A) is characterized by greater bed-thickness, reverse grading and the coarsest fragments in the deposit. Closest to source, the primary structure sequence in Type A beds is indicative of deposition from debris flows, but in more distal sections it suggests deposition from turbulent suspensions. The second bed-type (B) is characterized by a smaller fragment size, thinner beds, normal grading and the presence of parallel and (or) oblique stratifications. The primary structure sequence in Type B beds is similar to that observed in turbidites, which suggests deposition from turbulent suspensions of low density.Lateral and vertical variations of grain size, bed thickness and structure sequences indicate that the vent was south of Reneault and that the volcanic activity increased with time. Pillowed flows both underlie and overlie the pyroclastic units which suggests accumulation under water, but there is evidence that some eruptions were subaerial.

scholarly journals Housing Condition of Coastal Area in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Kutubdia, Cox’s Bazaar

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mohiuddin ◽  
MB Latif
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
P Value ◽  
Type B ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hygienic Measures

This study was conducted to determine the contamination of E. coli and Salmonella for different types of foods in Chittagong city area. In case of laboratory examination, almost half (49.58%) of the samples were contaminated where 28.75% positive for E. coli. and 20.83% for Salmonella. The positive cases for type A sample was 20 out of 96 constituting 20.83% whereas the positive cases for type B sample was 49 out of 144 constituting 34.03% for E. coli. The positive cases of type A sample was 15 out of 96 making up 15.63% and for type B sample was 35 out of 144 making up 24.31% for Salmonella.A chi-square (?2) test was used to examine the equality of observed proportions for E. coli and Salmonella of each item of both types of food where significant difference among the observed proportion for E. coli (p-value<0.01) and Salmonella (p-value=0.032) for different items of A type and for E. coli (p-value<0.01) for different items of B type were observed and an odds ratio (OR) was measured for association between exposure and outcome where the probability of contaminated by E. coli of type B food is higher than contaminated of type A food (OR= 1.96 and CI:1.07-3.58). The probability of contaminated by Salmonella of type B food was higher than type A food (OR= 1.73 and CI: 0.89-3.39).The comparatively high bacteria in type B samples indicated contamination from water, practice of inadequate hygienic measures, mishandling, improper storage, inadequate cooking and above all unhygienic condition of the retail shops.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22034 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 15-20 2013

scholarly journals Influence of Different Types of Recombination Active Defects on the Integral Electrical Properties of Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Lausch ◽  
Christian Hagendorf
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Type A ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Type B ◽  
Si Solar Cells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

In this contribution the influence of different types of recombination-active defects on the integral electrical properties of multicrystalline Si solar cells is investigated. Based on a previous classification scheme related to the luminescence behavior of crystal defects, Type-A and Type-B defects are locally distinguished. It is shown that Type-A defects, correlated to iron contaminations, are dominating the efficiency by more than 20% relative through their impact on the short circuit current ISC and open circuit voltage VOC in standard Si material (only limited by recombination active crystal defects). Contrarily, Type-B defects show low influence on the efficiency of 3% relative. The impact of the detrimental Type-A defects on the electrical parameters is studied as a function of the block height. A clear correlation between the area fraction of Type-A defects and both the global Isc and the prebreakdown behavior (reverse current) in voltage regime-2 (−11 V) is observed. An outlier having an increased full-area recombination activity is traced back to dense inter- and intragrain nucleation of Fe precipitates. Based on these results it is concluded that Type-A defects are the most detrimental defects in Si solar cells (having efficiencies > 15%) and have to be prevented by optimized Si material quality and solar cell process conditions.

scholarly journals Border Structures in Arthurian Manuscript BNF, fr. 95 as an Expression of the Artist’s mente propria

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Miha Zor
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Column Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Right

The paper analyses the stylistic and compositional characteristics of borders in a manuscript consisting of the first two romances of the Lancelot-Graal Cycle (Estoire del saint Graal, Merlin with Suite Vulgate) and two non-Arthurian texts (Le Roman de sept sages, Pénitence Adam). Two different types of borders are present, and in the article they are named type A and type B. They were employed with regard to the position of the miniature in the page: where the miniature appears in the left column, type A was used, and where it appears in the right column, type B was employed. The borders of type A embrace the text from three sides: the vertical border runs along the left column, and both horizontal ones spread over the space of both textual columns. In the case of type B, the vertical border runs along the right side of the right column, that is between the two columns, but closer to the right one; on the top and bottom, horizontal borders spring from the centre to both sides (over both columns). Certain compositions make it possible to assume that the main illuminator or the planner of the overall appearance of the manuscript was actively present also as far as the borders are concerned. Other details – e.g. gold background when two figures form contact with their bodies, and the lack of such a background, when they do not touch or touch only with their weapons – may testify to a personal intervention of the practising artist, and this may be characterized as a stylistic trait revealing his mente propria.

scholarly journals Study on Contamination of Roadside Food by E. coli and Salmonella in Chittagong City Area

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
MSI Khan ◽  
MR Begum ◽  
MR Haque ◽  
MA Asgar ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
P Value ◽  
Type B ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
E Coli ◽  
City Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hygienic Measures

This study was conducted to determine the contamination of E. coli and Salmonella for different types of foods in Chittagong city area. In case of laboratory examination, almost half (49.58%) of the samples were contaminated where 28.75% positive for E. coli. and 20.83% for Salmonella. The positive cases for type A sample was 20 out of 96 constituting 20.83% whereas the positive cases for type B sample was 49 out of 144 constituting 34.03% for E. coli. The positive cases of type A sample was 15 out of 96 making up 15.63% and for type B sample was 35 out of 144 making up 24.31% for Salmonella.A chi-square (?2) test was used to examine the equality of observed proportions for E. coli and Salmonella of each item of both types of food where significant difference among the observed proportion for E. coli (p-value<0.01) and Salmonella (p-value=0.032) for different items of A type and for E. coli (p-value<0.01) for different items of B type were observed and an odds ratio (OR) was measured for association between exposure and outcome where the probability of contaminated by E. coli of type B food is higher than contaminated of type A food (OR= 1.96 and CI:1.07-3.58). The probability of contaminated by Salmonella of type B food was higher than type A food (OR= 1.73 and CI: 0.89-3.39).The comparatively high bacteria in type B samples indicated contamination from water, practice of inadequate hygienic measures, mishandling, improper storage, inadequate cooking and above all unhygienic condition of the retail shops.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22033 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 11-14 2013

The Classification Research about the Uncertain Factors of Job Shop Manufacturing Shop Re-Scheduling

2012 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 344-347
Author(s):  
Mao Gen Ge ◽  
Ming Zhou Liu ◽  
Ming Xin Zhang ◽  
Jing Hu ◽  
Wen Rui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Job Shop ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Uncertain Environment ◽  
Partial Failure ◽  
Scheduling Scheme ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type C

In order to have an effective induction and treatment about the various uncertain factors in the process of Job Shop manufacturing shop re- scheduling under the uncertain environment, Through the description of all kinds of uncertainties and disturbances during the workshop production process, here put forward a way to divide these uncertain factors into different types, such as type A uncertain factors which can cause scheduling scheme invalid, type B uncertain factors which have an uncertain impact on scheduling scheme and type C uncertain factors which may lead the schedule partial failure.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Different Types of Caries and Periodontal Disease Severity in Middle-Aged and Elderly People: Findings from the 4th National Oral Health Survey of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Yu ◽  
Xing WANG ◽  
Xi Ping FENG ◽  
Bao Jun TAI ◽  
De Yu HU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type C ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: To explore the relationship between different types of caries and periodontal disease severity in middle-aged and elderly people in China. Methods: The study population consisted of 4,387 middle-aged and 3,225 elderly subjects. Caries was divided into three types: type A, crown caries; type B, lesions involving both the crown and root, which represents mixed type; and type C, root caries. These three types together represent the overall caries situation, which we call type ABC. Caries was quantitated by decayed and filled teeth (DFT index). Periodontitis was evaluated by clinical attachment loss.Results: Middle-aged people with periodontitis had a significant association with DFT of type ABC (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.11), type A (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02‐1.08), type B (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.16-1.28) and type C (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.15-1.60). Elderly people with periodontitis had a significant association with DFT of type ABC (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07), type B (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10) and type C (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.19-1.42)，but not with type A.Conclusions: Different types of caries in middle-aged people, the overall caries and caries types involving the root surface in elderly people were significantly associated with periodontal disease severity.

The effect of Alectoria sarmentosa, Bryoria fuscescens, and Bryoria fremontii extracts and usnic acid on the growth of Gremmeniella abietina in vitro

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kaitera ◽  
T. Helle ◽  
R. E. Jalkanen
Keyword(s):  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Alectoria Sarmentosa ◽  
Almost All

The response of internal and external extracts of fresh arboreal lichens, Alectoria sarmentosa, Bryoria fuscescens and Bryoria fremontii, and commercial usnic acid extracted from Usnea spp. and Cladonia spp. on the growth of the Ascomycetous Gremmeniella abietina types was studied in vitro. Neither internal and external extracts of the three lichen nor usnic acid had strong inhibitive effect on the growth of either type A or B of G. abietina. A slight stimulative effect due to the extracts was, however, detected: type B (isolate 12) grew faster on almost all media than type A (isolate 11), but great variation within isolates of both types existed suggesting that different types of G. abietina may have different responses to chemicals. Keywords: Gremmeniella abietina, Alectoria sarmentosa, Bryoria fuscescens, Bryoria fremontii, usnic acid, lichen toxicity.

scholarly journals Quantitative correlation between susceptibility and OprJ production in NfxB mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Masuda ◽  
N Gotoh ◽  
S Ohya ◽  
T Nishino
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Parent Strain ◽  
Type A ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Type B ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Strain Pao1 ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pao1 ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
Different Types

Various Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 NfxB mutants were isolated on agar plates containing cefpirome and ofloxacin. They were classified into type A and type B, based on the degrees of changes in their susceptibilities. Type A mutants were four to eight times more resistant to ofloxacin, erythromycin, and new zwitterionic cephems, i.e., cefpirome, cefclidin, cefozopran, and cefoselis, than was the parent strain, PAO1. In contrast, type B mutants were more resistant to tetracycline and chloramphenicol, as well as ofloxacin, erythromycin, and the new zwitterionic cephems, than was PAO1, and they were four to eight times more susceptible to carbenicillin, sulbenicillin, imipenem, panipenem, biapenem, moxalactam, aztreonam, gentamicin, and kanamycin that was PAO1. The changes in susceptibilities of type B mutants were greater than those of type A mutants. The susceptibilities of both type A and type B mutants were restored to the level of PAO1 by transformation with plasmid pNF111, which contained the wild-type nfxB gene, demonstrating that they are NfxB mutants. Immunoblot analysis with a monoclonal antibody to OprJ revealed that type B mutants produced larger amounts of outer membrane protein OprJ than did type A mutants and that PAO1 produced an undetectable amount of it. Moreover, transconjugants obtained with the different types of NfxB mutants as the donor strains showed almost the same phenotypes as the corresponding donor strains. These results suggest that there are at least two nfxB mutations that show different phenotypes and that production of OprJ is associated with changes in susceptibilities of NfxB mutants.

scholarly journals The relationship between different types of caries and periodontal disease severity in middle-aged and elderly people: findings from the 4th National Oral Health Survey of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Yu ◽  
Xing WANG ◽  
Xi Ping FENG ◽  
Bao Jun TAI ◽  
De Yu HU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type C ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The relationship between dental caries and periodontal disease is still controversial. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between different types of caries and periodontal disease severity in middle-aged and elderly people in China.Methods: The study population consisted of 4,387 middle-aged and 3,225 elderly subjects. Caries were divided into the following three types: type A, crown caries; type B, lesions involving both the crown and root, representing a mixed type; and type C, root caries. These three types together represent the overall caries situation, which we call type ABC. Caries were quantitated by decayed and filled teeth (DFT index). Periodontitis was evaluated by clinical attachment loss.Results: Middle-aged people with periodontitis had a significant association with DFT of type ABC (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.11), type A (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02‐1.08), type B (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.16-1.28) and type C (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.15-1.60). Elderly people with periodontitis had a significant association with DFT of type ABC (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07), type B (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10) and type C (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.19-1.42) but not type A.Conclusions: Different types of caries in middle-aged people and overall caries and caries types involving the root surface in elderly people were significantly associated with periodontal disease severity.

scholarly journals Enhancing the radiological classification system from the distal femur to the proximal tibia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo de Matteo ◽  
Felipe Forero ◽  
Sophia Marlene Busch ◽  
Philip Linke ◽  
Peter Wilhelm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Type A ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Type B ◽  
Observer Reliability ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rotating Hinge ◽  
Index Ratio

Abstract Introduction The inner diaphyseal diameter of the distal femur, at 20 cm from the lateral joint line, is the strongest risk factor for predicting aseptic loosening in total knee arthroplasty using rotating hinge prosthesis. In this context, the Citak classification has been introduced presenting three different types of the distal femur anatomy. The aim of the study is to develop a novel classification system for the proximal tibia. Materials and Methods Two-hundred patients with standard knee antero-posterior radiographs were included in this study. We measured the inner diameter of the tibia 16 cm distally from the tibial plateau and 3 cm distally from the tibial spine. The ratio between these two measurements was applied as the novel index ratio. Results According to the 25th and 75th percentiles, three groups can be clustered for each gender. A higher distribution of the type B pattern was found in female and male patients. However, type A with a narrow inner diaphyseal diameter was less common in female patients The median intra-observer reliability for rater 1 was 0.997. The inter-observer reliability was high (ICC 0.998). There was a moderate correlation between the AP diameter and height (r = 0,568); a low correlation between the AP diameter and weight (r = 0.376). The novel index shows no significant correlation between the index ratio and height (r = 0.082), weight (r = 0.014) or BMI (r= - 0.038). The novel index shows no statistically significant correlation between the index ratio and height (r = 0.082) or weight (r = 0.014) or BMI (r= - 0.038). Conclusion The novel classification presents three different types of tibia for each gender: type C has a wider inner diaphyseal diameter compared to type A with a narrow inner diaphyseal diameter. Type B has the widest distribution among the subjects.

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